Characterization and application of wood-ZrO2 sorbent for simultaneous removal of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) from binary mixture

Abstract A new woodchips-ZrO2 biosorbent (W-ZrO2) was synthesized using wood residue material generated from the oak tree (Quercus robur) during furniture manufacturing. Biosorbent was tested for the simultaneous removal of both chromium (Cr) ions: Cr(III) and Cr(VI), in the binary component solution. Biosorbent characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). To define optimal process parameters for simultaneous removal of both Cr species, effects of pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and Cr ions concentration on the sorption process were investigated. Sorption of Cr ions onto W-ZrO2 was highly pH-dependent. Optimal pH for simultaneous removal of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions is 4.0 with removal efficiency over 99.5 % in both cases. Equilibrium experimental results are the best fitted by the Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximal sorption capacities of the biosorbent for simultaneous removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions in binary-component system are 16.18 and 83.52 mg g−1, respectively. The present study shows that using wood residue material to produce a low-cost sorbent can effectively decrease the water pollution simultaneously removing both chromium species from water and also reduce wood waste and increase reuse/recycling options.

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New Organic Compounds Detection and Potential Removal in Crude Phosphoric Acid using Waste Sludge

10.21203/rs.3.rs-157157/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saber Ahmed Ibrahim ◽

Ahmed Masoud ◽

Mohamed Helmy Taha ◽

Amr Sayed Meawad

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Low Cost ◽

Clay Content ◽

Sorption Process ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

X Ray ◽

Organic Species ◽

Tert Butyl ◽

Waste Sludge

Abstract Some organic compounds in phosphoric acid are a potential mediator of adverse environmental impacts on soil. This work aims to detect and reduce the content of organic compounds in crude phosphoric acid using waste sludge, from water treatment plants, as a low-cost sorbent. Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect the organic species in crude phosphoric acid, while X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize waste sludges. Practically, three sludge samples were utilized and different factors including shaking time, sorbent dose, and phosphoric acid concentration were studied. The results of GC/MS revealed that crude phosphoric acid contains bis [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl] azelaate, dibutyl phthalate, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as the main organic species. Moreover, the clay content and the surface charge of sludge strongly affect the removal efficiency of organic species. Kinetic analysis using Lagregran pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Morris-Weber, and Elvoich models display that the sorption process using waste sludges is a chemisorption process. Finally, the three sludge samples exhibit potential sorbents for the clarification of phosphoric acid and sequentially to produce green phosphate fertilizers.

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Detoxification, Active Uptake, and Intracellular Accumulation of Chromium Species by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00947-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Salaheldeen Enbaia ◽

Abdurrahman Eswayah ◽

Nicole Hondow ◽

Philip H. E. Gardiner ◽

Thomas J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cell Fractionation ◽

Methylococcus Capsulatus ◽

Chromium Species ◽

Content Type ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromium Vi

ABSTRACT Despite the wide-ranging proscription of hexavalent chromium, chromium(VI) remains among the major polluting heavy metals worldwide. Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria are widespread environmental microorganisms that can perform diverse reactions using methane as the feedstock. The methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, like many other microorganisms, detoxifies chromium(VI) by reduction to chromium(III). Here, the interaction of chromium species with M. capsulatus Bath was examined in detail by using a range of techniques. Cell fractionation and high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS) indicated that externally provided chromium(VI) underwent reduction and was then taken up into the cytoplasmic and membranous fractions of the cells. This was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of intact cultures that indicated negligible chromium on the surfaces of or outside the cells. Distribution of chromium and other elements within intact and sectioned cells, as observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), was consistent with the cytoplasm/membrane location of the chromium(III), possibly as chromium phosphate. The cells could also take up chromium(III) directly from the medium in a metabolism-dependent fashion and accumulate it. These results indicate a novel pattern of interaction with chromium species distinct from that observed previously with other microorganisms. They also suggest that M. capsulatus and similar methanotrophs may contribute directly to chromium(VI) reduction and accumulation in mixed communities of microorganisms that are able to perform methane-driven remediation of chromium(VI). IMPORTANCE M. capsulatus Bath is a well-characterized aerobic methane-oxidizing bacterium that has become a model system for biotechnological development of methanotrophs to perform useful reactions for environmental cleanup and for making valuable chemicals and biological products using methane gas. Interest in such technology has increased recently owing to increasing availability of low-cost methane from fossil and biological sources. Here, it is demonstrated that this versatile methanotroph can reduce the toxic contaminating heavy metal chromium(VI) to the less toxic form chromium(III) while accumulating the chromium(III) within the cells. This is expected to diminish the bioavailability of the chromium and make it less likely to be reoxidized to chromium(VI). Thus, M. capsulatus has the capacity to perform methane-driven remediation of chromium-contaminated water and other materials and to accumulate the chromium in the low-toxicity chromium(III) form within the cells.

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Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of Removal Copper(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Chicken Eggshells: Low Cost Sorbent

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.1.658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Mohammad Jihad Madiabu ◽

Joko Untung ◽

Imas Solihat ◽

Andi Muhammad Ichzan

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Sorption Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Order Model ◽

X Ray ◽

Adsorption Condition ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Effect Of Copper

The research aims to investigate feasibility eggshells as potential adsorbent to remove copper(II) ions from aqueous solution. Eggshells powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Effect of copper(II) initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time have conducted. The optimum adsorption condition obtained when 0.7 g eggshells applied to 50 mg/L copper(II) solution for 50 minutes. The maximum percentage of copper(II) removal was exceeded more than 85%. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model were applied to describe the equilibrium adsorption. Copper(II) kinetics sorption process was fitted to pseudo-second order model with a rate constant equal to 0.516 g/mg.min. The results clearly exhibit that eggshells powder can be effectively used to remove copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

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Potential Application of Fusarium Fungal Strains (Fusarium sp. FP, Arthrinium sp. FB and Phoma sp. FR) for Removal of Tl(I) Ions from Water

10.21203/rs.3.rs-923922/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianying Mo ◽

Yonghui Liu ◽

Xiaoning Gao ◽

Shuyi Zhou ◽

Yirong Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

High Capacity ◽

Sorption Process ◽

Water Remediation ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Fusarium Sp

Abstract Water pollution caused by heavy metals poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human survival safety and becomes a major obstacle to human health, economic and socially sustainable development. Among the various treatment techniques for water remediation, adsorption is an efficient method due to its high capacity, low cost, and simplicity. Thallium (Tl) is highly toxic to mammals and its removal from water is gaining increasingly prominent attention. In this study, three fungal strains (Fusarium sp. FP, Arthrinium sp. FB and Phoma sp. FR) were tested for removal of Tl(I) from an aqueous solution and showed excellent removal performance. The prepared inactive fungal strains were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and XPS analysis. The effects of pH, contact time, biomass and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency of Tl(I) were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption isotherm data fit well with the Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order model was more consistent with the kinetic data description. The maximum adsorption capacity of the fungal strain (Fusarium sp. FP, Arthrinium sp. FB and Phoma sp. FR) for Tl(I) was found to be 94.69 mg/g, 66.97 mg/g and 52.98 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The present study showed that the inactive fungal strains could be a promising adsorbent material for Tl(I) removal.

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Eco-Friendly Adsorbent from Waste of Mint: Application for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8848964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Fatima Khammour ◽

Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif ◽

Ayoub Ainane ◽

Jalludin Mohamed ◽

Tarik Ainane

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fractional Power ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Environmental Disaster ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromium Vi

A serious environmental disaster is looming on the horizon due to the indiscriminate release of heavy metals into the soil and wastewater from human industrial practices. In this study, waste mint (WM) was used to remove chromium(VI) from aqueous solution using batch experiments. The adsorbent material (WM) was characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption parameters optimized were as follows: pH solution (2–11), initial concentration of Cr(VI) (10–50 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.1–10 g/L), and temperature conditions (298 K, 308 K, and 318 K). The experimental data fitted well to the fractional power kinetic model (0.97≤R2≤ 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.984) with a maximum adsorption capacity Qmax = 172.41 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters for Cr(VI) sorption were also calculated, confirming that the adsorption process was spontaneous and accompanied by an exothermic adsorption (−4.83 ≤ ΔG ≤ −3.22 kJ/mol and ΔH = −28.93 kJ/mol). The Cr(VI) removal percentage was within the range of 41–98%, and the highest removal was noted at pH = 2. The results of the present study suggest that WM is a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.

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α-amylase Immobilized Composite Cryogels: Some Studies on Kinetic and Adsorption Factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-158141/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ömür Acet ◽

Tülden İnanan ◽

Burcu Önal Acet ◽

Emrah Dikici ◽

Mehmet Odabaşı

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

High Adsorption ◽

X Ray ◽

Column System ◽

Xrf Scanning ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Characterization Studies ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽

Important Enzyme

Abstract Stability of enzymes is significant factor for their industrial feasibility. α–amylase is an important enzyme for some industries i.e., textile, food, paper and pharmaceutics.. Pumice particles (PPa) are non-toxic, natural, low-cost alternative adsorbents with high adsorption capacity. In this study, Cu2+ ions were attached onto pumice particles (Cu2+-APPa). Then, Cu2+-APPa embedded composite cryogel was synthesized (Cu2+-APPaC) via polymerization of gel-forming agents at minus temperatures. Characterization studies of the Cu2+-APPaC cryogel column was performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) apparatus. The experiments were carried out in a continuous column system. α–amylase was adsorbed onto Cu2+-APPaC cryogel with maximum amount of 858.7 mg/g particles at pH 4.0. Effects of pH and temperature on the activity profiles of the free and the immobilized α–amylase were investigated, and results indicate that immobilization did not alter the optimum pH and temperature values. kcat value of the immobilized α–amylase is higher than that of the free α–amylase while KM value increases by immobilization. Storage and operational stabilities of the free and the immobilized α–amylase were determined for 35 days and for 20 runs, respectively.

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Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto Activated Carbons Prepared from Indigenous Materials

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/109398 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 666-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. Karthikeyan ◽

S. Siva Ilango

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbons ◽

Low Cost ◽

Batch Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chi Square ◽

X Ray ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Square Analysis

The adsorption of chromium(VI) on activated carbons prepared from low cost materials has been studied by batch process. The influences of various parameters like contact time, dosage, pH, pHzpc and co-ions were experimentally verified. The adsorption of Cr(VI) is maximum at strongly acidic medium (pH 3). Adsorption is explained using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with help of chi-square analysis. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of adsorption. The surface morphology of the three activated carbons before and after metal sorption was verified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD).

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