scholarly journals Evaluating the water productivity by Aquacrop model of wheat under irrigation systems and algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani A. Mansour ◽  
Maybelle S. Gaballah ◽  
Osama A. Nofal
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Model Program ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil Irrigation

AbstractOne of the most important simulation models in the field of water produc"tivity (WP) management in the world is the Aquacrop model, which depends on many factors and conditions related to climate, soil, irrigation water, etc. Aquacrop model program simulates vegetative growth and the yield of both grains, biomass and irrigation WP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Aquacrop model of two Egyptian wheat varieties, Gemeza-9 (G-9) and Misr-1 (M-1), under the two modern irrigation systems, sprinkler and drip, and the application of algae solution. Experiment location of fieldwork for this research was in El-Nubaria area, El-Beheira Governorate, and Aquacrop in Egypt. Results obtained show that under both irrigation systems, the deviation percentages between simulated by Aquacrop and observed WP values were 40.6% and 68.34%, in the case of using untreated algae and treated algae, respectively. From LSD 0.05% values, there are significant differences between all study factors (irrigation system, wheat varieties, and applied algae). Moreover, the interactions between all factors were significant under wheat grain yield of two varieties but no significant differences were found under observed or simulated WP by the Aquacrop model. It can be concluded that it is possible to recommend to use the Aquacrop simulation model for different wheat varieties in the future, to predict the WP in these semi-arid areas, especially under different irrigation systems (Bradford and Hsiao 1982; Entz et al. 1992; Johnston et al. 2002; Heng et al. 2009; Araya et al. 2010; Bennett and Harms 2011).

scholarly journals Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Alok Sikka ◽  
Vidya Mandave ◽  
R. K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Consumptive Water

Abstract This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.

scholarly journals Effects of Boron Fertilization and Sowing Date on the Grain Protein Content of Wheat Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Ferdoush ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The World ◽  
Boron Fertilization

Wheat is the most important cereal crop and staple food of about two billion people around the world and contributes more calories and proteins to the world diet than any other cereal crop. Wheat grain quality is a function of grain composition, principally in proteins, which depends on the genotype and the environment. Protein content is a key quality factor that determines the suitability of wheat for a particular type of product as it affects other factors including mixing tolerance, loaf volume and water absorption capacity. The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University farm during 2007 to 2010 to study the effects of boron fertilization and sowing dates on the Black point disease of wheat genotypes. The soil was silty loam in texture having pH 6.7, cation exchange capacity 12.6 me/100g soil, organic matter 1.9%, total N 0.09%, available P 7.3 ppm, exchangeable K 0.09 cmol kg-1, available S 12.4 ppm, available Zn 0.8 ppm and available B 0.19 ppm. The wheat varieties used in the experiment were Prodip, Shatabdi and Sourav. Boron was applied @ 0 and 1 kg ha-1 and sowing dates were 18 November, 28 November, 08 December and 18 December. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with a distribution of sowing dates to the main plots, varieties to the sub-plots and boron treatment to the sub-sub plots. All the factors were replicated three times. The total amount TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc oxide were applied during final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied @ 120 kg ha-1 from urea (46 % N), P @ 20 kg ha-1 from TSP (20 % P), K @ 60 kg ha-1 from MoP (50 % K), S @ 10 kg ha-1 from gypsum (18 % S) and Zn @ 1.5 kg ha-1 from ZnO (78 % Zn). Urea was applied in three equal splits - final land preparation and 30 and 45 days after sowing. Boric acid (17%B) was applied to the B treatment plots prior to sowing. The crop was irrigated 2 times- 21 days (crown root initiation) and 47 days (heading stage) of sowing. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, OM, total N and available P, K, S, Zn, S and B contents. The data were analyzed statistically (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Boron application exerted a significant increasing effect on the protein content of wheat grain. A. significant variation in the N and protein content of wheat grains was observed among the wheat varieties in both the years. The 28 November sowing recorded the maximum protein content in wheat grains while the minimum value was noted with the 18 December sowing in both the years.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22038 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 41-45 2013

scholarly journals An experimental study on the grape orchard: Effects comparison of two irrigation systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad J. Kadbhane ◽  
Vivek L. Manekar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Farm Pond ◽  
Berry Size

Abstract Table grape (Vitis vinifera cultivars) is a major cash crop in the Nashik district of India, which requires irrigation water throughout the year as per demand instantly. Canal irrigation is the adopted irrigation systems in the study area, but canal irrigation has got several serious disadvantages, such as mismatching rotation schedules and crop water demands, water allotment system and restrictions on the use of efficient irrigation methods. The storing the canal water in the farm pond instead of directly applying to the field using the free flooding method is alternate solution to overcome the disadvantages of the canal irrigation system. Once the canal water storing in the pond, it increases the possibilities to use the advance irrigation system like drip, subsurface, sprinkler etc. to enhance water use efficiency. The comparative study between the canal water directly applying for the field and canal water storing in the farm pond then use for irrigation, executed through the field experiments carried out on the grape orchard during a period April 2013 to March 2016. Results have been evaluated based on grape yield, water-productivity, berry size, and biomass. Water productivity (kg·m-3) with respect to water delivery to crop through the pond irrigation method was found 37% higher than the canal irrigation method during the study period. Based on the results, this study recommended the use of the farm pond to store the canal water and use it as per crop demand using advance irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Calibration, validation and application of AquaCrop model in irrigation scheduling for rice under northwest India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Sandhu ◽  
S. S. Mahal ◽  
Prabhjyot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Dry Biomass

A lot of research work regarding irrigation scheduling in rice has been carried out at global level with the objective of increasing irrigation water productivity (IWP) and sustaining grain yield. Under natural conditions rain disturb the planned irrigation treatments. One way to overcome this problem is to use rain shelters which is a costly affair, crop growth simulation models offer a good scope to conduct such studies by excluding the effect of rain. Very limited studies are available where FAO’s AquaCrop model has been used to develop irrigation schedule for crops. Therefore, a study was conducted using FAO AquaCrop model to develop irrigation schedule for rice having higher IWP. The model was calibrated and validated using the experimental data of field experiments conducting during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The model underestimated the above ground dry biomass at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) in the range of 21.60 to 24.85 %. At the time of harvest the model overestimated the above ground dry biomass within the range 11.58 to 14.34 %. At harvest the values of normalized root mean square error (15.54%) suggested a good fit for the above ground dry biomass and an excellent agreement (3.34%) between observed and model predicted grain yield. The model suggested to irrigate rice transplanted in puddled loamy sand soil on every 5th day to get higher IWP coupled with statistically similar grain yield as obtained with daily irrigation schedule.

AquaCrop model simulation under different irrigation water and nitrogen strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Khoshravesh ◽  
Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽  
Manouchehr Heidarpour ◽  
Ali-Reza Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Aquacrop Model

On a global scale, irrigated agriculture consumes about 72% of available freshwater resources. Deficit irrigation can be applied in the field to save irrigation water and still lead to acceptable crop production. The AquaCrop model is a simulation model for management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. This model is a new model that is accurate, robust and requires fewer data inputs compared with the other models. The purpose of this study was to simulate canopy cover, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) for soybean using the AquaCrop model. A field line source sprinkler irrigation system was conducted under full and deficit irrigation using different nitrogen fertilizer applications during two cropping seasons for soybean at Gorgan province in Iran. The simulation results showed a reasonably accurate prediction of yield, canopy cover and WUE in all cases (error less than 23%). The simulated pattern of canopy progression over time was close to measured values, with Willmott's index of agreement for all the cases being ≥0.95 for different parameters. The AquaCrop model has the ability to simulate the WUE of soybean under different irrigation water and nitrogen applications. This model is a useful tool for managing the crop water productivity.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF PRE AND POST EMERGENCE HERBICIDE UNDER IMPROVED FIELD IRRIGATION SYSTEM PROVED A SUSTAINABLE WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN COTTON CROP

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HAKOOMAT ◽  
M. AROOJ ◽  
N. SARWAR ◽  
A. AREEB ◽  
A.N. SHAHZAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Weed Density

ABSTRACT Successful weed control in cotton crop is an imperative as weeds not only reduce the cotton production but also deteriorate the lint quality and harbor insect pest. Thus a field study was carried out to evaluate the various weed control strategies under different irrigation systems. Pendimethlin (pre-emergence), S-metolachlor (pre-emergence), glyphosate (post emergence) were used alone or in combination as chemical weedicides along with mechanical weeding under drip and furrow irrigation systems. Results showed that all the weed control treatments with drip irrigation significantly decrease weed density compared with weed control treatments where watering was practiced through furrow irrigation method. However, combined application of pendimethalin with glyphosate and S-metolachlor has significantly reduced the weed density. This combination also resulted in improved bolls per plant, boll weight, sympodial branches, seed cotton yield, ginning out turn, seed index, lint index and water use efficiency. These parameters were also improved under drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system. In a nutshell it can be concluded that combination of post and pre-emergence herbicides improved the cotton lint yield and water productivity which can be further improved by adopting drip irrigation as appropriate irrigation system.

scholarly journals Molecular studies for drought tolerance in some Egyptian wheat genotypes under different irrigation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani A. Mansour ◽  
Salwa El Sayed Mohamed ◽  
David A. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

AbstractThis research work was carried out to evaluate drought stress for the differentiation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in their ability to tolerate drought. An experiment was carried out on six genotypes (‘Sides 1’, ‘Shindwell 1’, ‘Gemmiza 9’, ‘Sakha 93’, ‘Saheel 1’ and ‘Masr 2’). A randomized complete block design with three replications along two separate tests under the drip and the sprinkler irrigation systems was used in this experiment. One of the irrigation treatments applied the normal amount of irrigation water and the other applied end-season drought stress conditions through two successful agricultural seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The impact on biomass, grain yield and water productivity of the six genotypes was measured. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic variation among the six genotypes. PCR–RAPD analysis showed that there were several differences in both the size and number of bands between the varieties. Based on these markers, genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram was constructed. The dendrogram analysis delineated three major clusters. The current study showed that RAPD markers are useful in the assessment of the genetic diversity among the wheat genotypes. The drip irrigation system gave the highest values of both the biomass and the grain yield for the six genotypes, while the sprinkler irrigation gave the lowest values. Comparing the six genotypes in terms of the biomass, grain yield and water productivity, it was concluded that, the highest water productivity (WP) genotype was Sides 1, except during water stress with the sprinkler irrigation system. It was followed by genotype Sakha 93, then genotype Shindwell 1, while genotype Gemmiza 9 gave the lowest in all cases, except without water stress under drip irrigation.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matluba Muxammadiyeva ◽  
◽  
Iftixor Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
A Performance

If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages

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