scholarly journals Amphibiomorphic Modeled and Painted Pottery from Argentine Patagonia and Central-Southern Chile. Functional Interpretation and Identification of Species Based on Mimetic and Aposematic Traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
Alberto E. Pérez ◽  
Verónica Schuster ◽  
Daniella P. Jofré
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Argentine Patagonia ◽  
Early Ceramic ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Painted Pottery ◽  
North Western ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract This work aims to identify attributes or features related to endemic amphibians in modeled and painted pottery from central-southern Chile and north-western Argentina. From this work, we were able to identify four species of amphibians represented in certain types of modeled and painted pottery, and we also complemented this data with modern references and ethnohistorical chronicles of the potential use given to this pottery in particular. This contribution postulates that some elements of the black-onred pottery of the Early Ceramic Period of Araucanía in central-southern Chile and of Patagonia in northwestern Argentina, seek to highlight amphibiomorphic characteristics such as exophthalmia (protruding eyes) and aposematism (brilliant coloring and brightness of the vessel by using an engobe decoration). Based on the ethnohistorical data of the area, it is also proposed that these vessels could be linked to the exclusive use of highly toxic substances. Finally, the results allowed us to explore the close ecological interaction between human groups and woodlands.

scholarly journals New historical records of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Patagonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma I. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Argentine Patagonia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
North Western

Resumen: En este estudio se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de documentos históricos de la época de contacto con los europeos para evaluar la presencia histórica del jaguar (Panthera onca) en la Patagonia.  Dado que no existen registros escritos con anterioridad a la llegada del hombre europeo, entonces se buscó evidencia suplementaria en restos fósiles, etnografía, topónimos y nombres indígenas para la especie.  La evidencia disponible señala que la especie pudo haber alcanzado la región del Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile.  Aunque la información es escasa para permitir un análisis del patrón de distribución pasado en Patagonia, a escala regional se identificaron tres áreas de ocupación: noroeste de Patagonia, sur continental de Chile, y áreas cercanas a puertos naturales de la costa Atlántica.  El jaguar sobrevivió en el norte de la Patagonia Argentina y el Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile, hasta fines del siglo XIX, y se extirpó de la región centro-sur de Chile durante el siglo XVII.  Se discuten brevemente los probables factores que contribuyeron a la declinación y extinción del jaguar en la Patagonia.Palabras clave: Presencia histórica, Panthera onca, Patagonia. Abstract: An exhaustive review of written historical documents from the time of European contact was completed in order to examine the historic presence of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Patagonia.  Since prior to the arrival of the Europeans there are no written records, therefore supplementary evidence has been sought in fossil remains, ethnography, toponyms and indigenous names for the species.  There is evidence to suggest that the species may have occurred as far south as the Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile.  Although the available evidence is scarce to enable an analysis of the former distribution pattern in Patagonia, at a regional scale three main areas of occupation can be identified: north-western Patagonia, southern continental Chile, and the vicinity of natural ports in the Atlantic coast.  It is known that the jaguar survived in northern Argentine Patagonia and the Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile, until the late 19th century, and was extirpated in south-central Chile during the 17th century.  Probable factors contributing to the decline and extinction of the jaguar in Patagonia are briefly discussed.Key words: Historical occurrence, Panthera onca, Patagonia.

scholarly journals Levels of Antioxidant Compound Glutathione in Moss from Industrial Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulema Varela ◽  
Sofía Debén ◽  
Dinesh Saxena ◽  
Jesús Aboal ◽  
J. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Antioxidant Compound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

Plants possess a wide range of cellular mechanisms that help them tolerate potentially toxic substances. Several studies that were carried out under laboratory conditions have demonstrated that the antioxidant compound glutathione plays a role in enabling mosses to tolerate high levels of heavy metals without toxic effects. However, until now, the antioxidant levels have not been studied in mosses under field conditions. In this study, we aimed to clarify the antioxidant concentrations of glutathione in the terrestrial moss Pseudoscleropodium purum growing in industrial environments characterised by high atmospheric levels of Cd, Ni, and Pb, and to evaluate the potential use of the compound as a biomarker. The results indicated the existence of a glutathione threshold response, which was significantly correlated with the metal toxicity and which may be influenced by metal bioavailability. Although future studies are needed to strengthen the findings, the present study suggests that total concentration of glutathione in P. purum could therefore be used as a biomarker in air pollution biomonitoring studies, provided that metal bioavailability is taken into account.

Silvopastoral sheep and pine systems for small farmers in southern chile

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Herve M.P. ◽  
Balocchi O.A. ◽  
Penaloza R.
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Erosion Damage ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Clay Slopes ◽  
Potential Use

Chile's X region (40-43 degrees south), has around 1 million has. of marginal soils with forest-livestock potential use, red clay slopes being dominant, located in the coastal ranges. Subsistance agriculture with increasing erosion damage is carried out on small properties which also practice extensive livestock production with sheep and cattle.In order to study alternative land use which could benefit small peasant farmers agroforestry with sheep and pines was attempted.Two agroforestry systems using Pinus radiata D.Don and sheep were developed. System I started in 1977 planting 8 ha at 2,5 x 7m spacing. Romney ewes were introduced in 1979 initially at a stocking rate of 5/ha. Prunnings were carried out in 1980, 1984 and 1986; thinnings were done in 1982,1984 and 1986, to 7m and 200 st/ha respectively.System 2 used 20ha of conventional 2 x 2m forest planted in 1974. It was prunned and thinned in 1982,1984 and 1986 to Bm and 200 st /ha respectively and stocked initially with 4.7 Romney ewes/ha in 1983.

scholarly journals A comparative morphological study of the sixth and seventh spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae in extinct and extant species of Equus.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon May-Davis ◽  
Robert Hunter ◽  
Wendy Brown
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Lateral Profile

The lateral profile of the 6th and 7th cervical spinous processes (CSPs) were examined in four extantspecies of Equus (n=33); E. caballus (n=26), E. przewalskii (n=3), E. quagga boehmi (n=1), E. asinus (n=3)and compared to pre-domesticated Equus specimens (n=66) representing three known species: E. occidentalis(n=56), E. mosbachensis (n=2), E. curvedins/insulatis (n=1) and unknown Equus species (n=7) from five museums.Six common morphological profiles were revealed: cuneate, curvate, falcate, rudimentary, scalenate,and truncate. For the 6th CSP, the distribution of these morphologies amongst extant Equus is: cuneate, onlyE. asinus; curvate, E. caballus and E. przewalskii always in combination with ligamentum lamina nuchae (lig.lamina nuchae) attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive; falcate, E. caballus and E. przewalskiialways in combination with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive;rudimentary, E. caballus always associated with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5thCSP inclusive; scalenate, E. caballus in association with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd throughto 5th (n=11) or 7th (n=4) CSP inclusive; truncate, not present. The 6th CSP in museum specimens of Equusexhibits one of four profiles: cuneate (n=10), curvate (n=14), scalenate (n=11) and truncate (n=4). For the 7thCSP, the distribution of these morphologies amongst extant Equus is: curvate, E. caballus mostly associatedwith lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5th CSP inclusive, falcate, E. caballus mostly associatedwith lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive, scalenate, E. caballusassociated with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5th CSP inclusive. Only Rancho LaBrea and Tar Pits Museum provided samples suitable for examination of the 7th CSP. These exhibited fourprofiles: curvate (n=7), falcate (n=11), scalenate (n=2), and truncate (n=7). These findings suggest that thelateral profile of the 6th CSP is of potential use in identification of species; attachments of the lig. lamina nuchaealter the morphology of the 6th and 7th CSP; and that attachments of the lig. lamina nuchae on the 2ndto 7th CSP were likely present in species of Equus prior to domestication.

scholarly journals The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma Puma concolor in southern Patagonia

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ignacio Zanón Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Travaini ◽  
Sonia Zapata ◽  
Diego Procopio ◽  
Miguel Ángel Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Argentine Patagonia ◽  
Lesser Rhea ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
North Western

AbstractThere is evidence for the ecological extinction of the native prey of the puma Puma concolor in north-western Argentine Patagonia. In this study we examine whether this is also the case in southern Patagonia. From 2004 to 2007 we examined the puma’s diet in three protected areas and two sheep ranches in Santa Cruz province. A total of 282 puma scats were analysed. In two of the protected areas and in the ranches 60–74% of the puma’s diet was native prey. Prey species were primarily guanaco Lama guanicoe, followed by Patagonian mara Dolichotis patagonum, lesser rhea Pterocnemia pennata pennata, Patagonian pichi Zaedyus pichiy and Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. In the third protected area the main prey was the European hare Lepus europaeus. Our results show a clear difference in the diet of the puma in southern compared to north-western Patagonia. Large native herbivores (i.e. guanaco and lesser rhea) maintain their role as the main prey species for the puma in southern Patagonia. We suggest, therefore, that native prey could be restored to those areas of Argentine Patagonia, such as the north-west, where they are currently ecologically extinct. Facilitating native species recovery and/or restoration and applying more rigorous controls to prevent the introduction of potential alien prey species of the puma both, within and outside protected areas, needs to be evaluated as a regional strategy.

FABACEAE FROM NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA AND THEIR POTENTIAL USE AS ORNAMENTALS

2010 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
A.V. Etcheverry ◽  
M.M. Alemán ◽  
T. Figueroa Fleming ◽  
C.A. Gómez ◽  
C.N. Yáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Potential Use

Copper Earrings in La Araucanía: Earliest Evidence of Metal Usage in Southern Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodrigo Mera ◽  
Benoit Mille ◽  
Doina Munita ◽  
Valentina Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Ceramic ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Elemental Characterization

We report on the archaeometallurgical analysis of eight pieces of copper recovered from the Villa JMC-1 cemetery (Pitren Complex, Early Ceramic period) in the locality of Labranza, La Araucania. These artifacts provide the earliest evidence of metal use in southern Chile. They are also the southernmost prehispanic metal artifacts ever found in South America. These contextualized results complement those obtained from the analysis of an earring from Kilómetro 0—Enlace Temuco (El Vergel Complex, Late Ceramic period), an archaeological residential site dated to almost 500 years after the Labranza cemetery. Particle Induced X-ray Emission, X-ray radiography, and stereomicroscopy analyses allow us to offer an elemental characterization of the pieces, an assessment of their manufacturing process, and a comparison between the metals and alloys discovered. We follow with a discussion of proposals regarding cultural relations in the Araucania region during different time periods.

scholarly journals Breeding in wild populations of a small dasyurid marsupial, Planigale ingrami, in north-western Queensland using a novel method for collection of specimens

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Woolley ◽  
C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
North Western

The reproductive biology of the long-tailed planigale (Planigale ingrami) is less well known than that of its congeners P. gilesi and P. tenuirostris. Aspects of the anatomy of reproductive structures and the pattern of reproduction of P. ingrami were established by examination of specimens extracted from the stomachs of feral cats shot in north-western Queensland. This species has an extended breeding season that commences in August and probably ends in December, and both males and females may live to breed in more than one season, providing support for the similarity of the reproductive strategies of these three species of Planigale. Females of P. ingrami have twelve nipples in the pouch, the form of which may differ from that of other planigales. Pouch morphology may prove useful in the identification of species of Planigale providing observations are made on the appearance of the pouch throughout the breeding cycle.

Persistent toxic substances in soils and waters along an altitudinal gradient in the Laja River Basin, Central Southern Chile

Chemosphere ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barra ◽  
Peter Popp ◽  
Roberto Quiroz ◽  
Coretta Bauer ◽  
Hernan Cid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Southern Chile

The growth of mica polytypes as studied by conventional and high-resolution TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
A. Baronnet ◽  
M. Amouric
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Potential Use

The origin of mica polytypes has long been a challenging problem for crystal- lographers, mineralogists and petrologists. From the petrological point of view, interest in this field arose from the potential use of layer stacking data to furnish further informations about equilibrium and/or kinetic conditions prevailing during the crystallization of the widespread mica-bearing rocks. From the compilation of previous experimental works dealing with the occurrence domains of the various mica "polymorphs" (1Mr, 1M, 2M1, 2M2 and 3T) within water-pressure vs temperature fields, it became clear that most of these modifications should be considered as metastable for a fixed mica species. Furthermore, the natural occurrence of long-period (or complex) polytypes could not be accounted for by phase considerations. This highlighted the need of a more detailed kinetic approach of the problem and, in particular, of the role growth mechanisms of basal faces could play in this crystallographic phenomenon.

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