scholarly journals Pandemic Police States

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Coyne ◽  
Yuliya Yatsyshina
Keyword(s):  
Free Association ◽  
The State ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak prompted governments around the world to employ a range of emergency methods to combat the pandemic. In many countries these emergency measures relied heavily on police powers, which refer to the capacity of governments to forcefully regulate behavior and impose order as defined by those in control of the state apparatus. Throughout the world police powers have been used to limit free association through government-imposed stay-at-home orders, impose social distancing rules, close non-essential businesses, and impose lockdowns. State orders have been enforced through various forms of direct monitoring, indirect surveillance, and in some instances, violence. We discuss the theoretical foundations of the troubling aspects of pandemic police states. We then catalog some pandemic police state activities associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with the implications for peace studies.

State of emergency in Poland: constitutional regulation and “hybrid” nature during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Valentina Chekharina
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Hybrid State ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Emergency Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic became widespread across the world throughout 2020 and 2021 in an emergency that gravely impacted the health and lives of people around the world. States have taken exceptional measures to combat the pandemic, including controversial decisions to introduce emergency regimes, which have been questioned in regards to their compliance with constitutional regulations. The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic requires special measures, however they must remain within the constitutional framework. Consequently, the pandemic and its effect upon the legality of regimes in a state of emergency has captured the attention of legal scholars. The aim of this study is to analyse the constitutional regulation of the state of emergency in the Republic of Poland which was introduced in the country during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Poland, an emergency regime was introduced following an order by the Minister of Health. However the state of emergency (here, natural disaster) as stated by the Constitution was not introduced, although, according to analysts, some state bodies and officials had confirmed that all the necessary conditions for this were met. On 2 March 2020, the so-called Special Law on Coronavirus was adopted, followed by other regulations to fight the pandemic. These analysts stated that the measures introduced by the new acts corresponded to a legal regime containing the constitutional characteristics of a state of emergency, but lacked the appropriate constitutional procedure for their introduction. Presidential elections were held at this time, however legally they cannot be held during a state of emergency, as it indicates the presence of political interests in the choice of the regime. The unconstitutional procedure of the introduction of emergency measures alongside their characteristics of the state of emergency make it possible to consider the epidemic regime introduced in Poland a “hybrid” state of emergency, which is not detailed by the Constitution or legislation. On this basis, the study concludes that reasons behind the unconstitutional response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland can be found in both the Constitution, and in the manifestations of the crisis of the constitutional and legal system, which began with the reform of Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal by the ruling Law and Justice party in 2015.

Bookreview JFP: Domain-Specific Languages by Martin Fowler The Addison Wesley Signature Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JURRIAAN HAGE
Keyword(s):  
Functional Programming ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Error Feedback ◽  
Domain Specific Languages ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Language ◽  
At Home

My main reason for wanting to read this book was to find out what a well-known publicist from the world of OO would have to say about the state of the art of domain specific languages (DSLs), in particular when it comes to type error feedback, functional programming, and the combination. As most readers will be aware, languages like Scheme and Haskell are very well suited to embed DSLs in: Scheme can be considered a core language to which new language facilities can be easily added by means of hygienic syntax macro's (Abelson et al. 1998), and there are so many papers on embedded DSLs in Haskell (Hudak, 1998), that any realistic selection would aggravate more people than I would please. Great was my disappointment when I read on page XXV that these topics were not discussed at all in the book. Although I can imagine that Fowler does not feel comfortable writing about subjects he is not sufficiently at home with, the question does arise whether the title of this book is sufficiently covered by its contents.

scholarly journals Review of Sleep Problems Related to Social Distancing and Home Confinement During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Wan Seok Seo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Home School ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
At Home

Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019, we have experienced many changes that we have never ex- perienced before. Governments around the world have instituted various forms of social isolation measures to prevent the spread of COV- ID-19. These measures include social distancing, home confinement, quarantine, and lockdown. Unfortunately, these measures have in- creased the ambiguity of the economic situation and the uncertainty regarding the future. For many individuals, these actions resulted in changes in routines at home, school, and work; changes in roles at home, mental health, and physical activity; and changes in circadian cues. All of these alterations resulted in disruptions in sleep patterns and sleep difficulties. In this paper, the alterations in sleep patterns and the sleep difficulties related to social isolation policies would be reviewed. These include social distancing and home confinement. Finally, meth- ods to improve sleep problems also reviewed.

scholarly journals Changes in social connection during COVID-19 social distancing: It’s not (household) size that matters, it’s who you’re with

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245009
Author(s):  
Karynna Okabe-Miyamoto ◽  
Dunigan Folk ◽  
Sonja Lyubomirsky ◽  
Elizabeth W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The U.S ◽  
At Home

To slow the transmission of COVID-19, countries around the world have implemented social distancing and stay-at-home policies—potentially leading people to rely more on household members for their sense of closeness and belonging. To understand the conditions under which people felt the most connected, we examined whether changes in overall feelings of social connection varied by household size and composition. In two pre-registered studies, undergraduates in Canada (NStudy 1 = 548) and adults primarily from the U.S. and U.K. (NStudy 2 = 336) reported their perceived social connection once before and once during the pandemic. In both studies, living with a partner robustly and uniquely buffered shifts in social connection during the first phases of the pandemic (βStudy 1 = .22, βStudy 2 = .16). In contrast, neither household size nor other aspects of household composition predicted changes in connection. We discuss implications for future social distancing policies that aim to balance physical health with psychological health.

scholarly journals Hizbut Tahrir Malaysia: the Emergence of a New Transnational Islamist Movement in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Political Islam ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Religious Politics ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The World ◽  
Muslim Politics ◽  
Malaysian Students ◽  
Islamist Movement ◽  
Islamic Party

This paper looks at the Hizbut Tahrir of Malaysia and places it in the context of the wider and deeper development of Muslim politics and mass mobilisation across Asia and the world at large. While much has been written about the Hizbut Tahrir of Indonesia (HTI), little is known about the HTM. This paper traces the initial arrival of the HT to Malaysia, via the network of Malaysian students and activists who were educated abroad and who have managed to build their own inter-personal networks and relationships outside the parameters of mainstream political Islam and the state apparatus in the country. Furthermore it is interesting to note that HTM in Malaysia takes its own unique stand on Islamic issues with relation to the mainstream Islamic party PAS and the Malay-Muslim UMNO party. The paper therefore attempts to locate the ideological positioning of the HTM in the wider context of Islamist politics in contemporary Malaysia and to analyse its relationship to the wider currents of ethno-communal as well as religious politics in the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Walk At Least 10 Minutes a Day for Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: Recommendation for Minimal Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200914
Author(s):  
Jason T. Jakiela ◽  
Esther J. Waugh ◽  
Daniel K. White
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
At Home

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in unprecedented changes in how the world socially interacts. Limits on contact with others, whether by social distancing or shelter-at-home recommendations, have negatively affected physical activity (PA); this is especially true for adults over the age of 60 who are at high risk of serious illness from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Making of a Totalitarian Surveillance Machine: Surveillance in Turkey Under AKP Rule

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgun Topak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
Surveillance Mechanism ◽  
Mass Surveillance ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
Coup Attempt

This article examines surveillance initiatives under the AKP rule in Turkey (2002-present). The AKP had first tested and perfected surveillance methods, including wiretapping, internet surveillance and surveillance by collaborator-informant networks, over its key opponents and dissidents to capture the state apparatus and later applied similar methods to govern the entire society. In the aftermath of the 2013 Gezi protests, surveillance began to have a mass character, even though targeted surveillance practices continued. Fearful of another popular public revolt, the AKP established a mass surveillance mechanism and empowered it by new amendments to security and communication laws, to pre-empt and suppress public dissent. The recent state of emergency measures following the failed coup attempt in July 2016 represented a further drift towards totalitarian surveillance. The personal liberties were suspended and the state of exception became a permanent condition.

scholarly journals State Policies Decrease Movement During COVID-19

Contexts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A H M Belayeth Hussain
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
State Policies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

“Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, ‘social distancing’ and ‘stay-at-home’ have become two of the most pushed recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) and governments across countries. This paper presents exploratory graphs and analyses to show the relationships among the governments' initiatives during the coronavirus pandemic and people’s responses to keep them staying at home.”

scholarly journals DISTOPIA KONDISI LIBERALISME DALAM FILM TIGA (Studi Semiotika Roland Barthes Tentang Distopia Liberalisme di Jakarta dalam Film Tiga)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Tuty Mutiah ◽  
Dhefine Armelsa ◽  
Faqihar Risyan ◽  
Agung Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Earth ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Dystopia in Film Tiga Liberalism Conditions (Roland Barthes Semiotics Studies about Dystopia on Liberalism in Jakarta in Film Tiga). This study goals is to determine the meaning of dystopian condition of Jakarta in the Film Tiga through the sign, signifier and signified. Three films is a film that adopts Liberal describe the depravity of Jakarta twenty years in the future in 2036. The method used semiotic analysis of Roland 2 Bartes.The object of research is the Film Tiga were directed by Anggy Umbara and classified through five objects dystopia condition of Jakarta, dystopian condition of the state apparatus, dystopia conditions of religion, dystopia technology, and dystopias journalism to find signs and markers and meaning at the level of the first and second, the denotation, connotations and myths.These results indicate that the situation of Jakarta transformed into an increasingly metropolis marked by the increasing number of high-rise buildings, as well as demonstrations marked depicted in 2015 until 2025. In 2026, the revolution ended and became State Liberalism. Changes in the State apparatus are characterized by the wish to dominate the world to create freedom in the face of the earth. One is to get rid of religion, by damaging the face of religion. State Officials do havoc with bring into conflict of the Religion. Changes religion marked by shifting religious values, is marked by religion becomes a thing wrong choice. The lack of freedom is depicted in this film, must be eradicated in order to function in a Liberal to be ideal. Technological changes are interpreted as changes in technology that convey information quickly, as well as the ability to hacked That meaning is characterized by technological devices that undergo changes such as, mobile phones, flash, televisions, doors, computers, laptops and so forth is now transformed into transparent. The changes meant the journalistic agenda setting media that is still happening characterized by lack of freedom of the press.

scholarly journals MODUS OPERANDI KORUPSI DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN APARATUR NEGARA DALAM HADIS-HADIS NABI DAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
H. Rajab
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Times ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The Modus Operandi of Corruption and its Relation to the State Apparatus in the Prophet's Hadiths and Legislation in IndonesiaThis paper aims to explain the modes of corruption and their relation to the state apparatus in the Prophet's traditions and legislation in Indonesia. So far, when many people talk about corruption, their memory is only of the laws that govern it, as if only the laws and regulations regulate corruption. In fact, long before the legislation was made, the Prophet, through his hadiths, have provided clues about corruption. This research is qualitative descriptive using a literature study that relies on library sources in the form of classic books, books, scientific journals, and other literature sources that are considered relevant. This study finds similarities between the Prophet's hadiths and Indonesian legislation in linking corruption (al-gulūl) to the state apparatus ('āmil) and that the modes of corruption are budget fraud, abuse of authority, embezzlement, and gratification and bribe. The mode then increases and develops with the times. Hopefully, through this writing, there will be awareness again that involvement in corruption is not only a violation of laws but also a violation of religious teachings and its legal consequences not only in the world but also in the hereafter.

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