Trade Sanctions and Customs Union Partners of the Target Country: Evidence from Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azat Aituar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Target Country ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Abstract This paper analyses the effects of trade sanctions between Russia and Western countries on Kazakhstan. The nature of these sanctions is characterized by unilateral sanctions from Russia and multilateral sanctions against Russia. Although Kazakhstan refused to participate in these sanction wars, this might affect its economy significantly as it is highly integrated into the Russian economy. An empirical analysis is performed on the product level and time series techniques are used to estimate the effects of the sanctions. The paper assesses the overall effectiveness of trade sanctions through aggregating product level results into a sanction index. The derived sanction index shows that multilateral sanctions did not divert the trade flows from Western countries. On the other hand, the index indicates the existence of sanction busting activities against Russian unilateral counter-sanctions, confirming the hypothesis that unilateral sanctions are ineffective and allow for third-country effects.

The EU – Ukraine – Russia Crisis Triangle

2016 ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Horska ◽  
Serhiy Moroz ◽  
Jana Galova
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Political Decisions

Political decisions and political crisis in one country or region in the world can affect local economics and international trade significantly. Such situation of trade creation at one side and trade decrease on the other side has been observed as the consequence of political circumstances between Russia and Ukraine in 2014. National economics and trade of several countries and regions of the world have been suffering from this political crisis. At the same time with trade sanctions and trade decrease among traditional trading partners (EU-Russia, USA-Russia), the effort to ensure a sufficient market supply in Russia and strengthen links among Russia and customs union countries has been observed. A side effect, higher economic and political risk in doing business with Ukraine, caused the trade decrease with Ukraine, too. The chapter analyses selected trade indicators related to international trade of Ukraine and Russia for period 2010-2014 and identifies possible opportunities and threats following from political crisis and affecting international trade of selected trading partners.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

Producers' Response to Changes in Prices and Marketing Policies: A Case Study of Sugarcane and Paddy in Eastern U.P. by S. C. Gupta and A. Majid. New York: Asia Publishing House, 1965.

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad Khan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The Other ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Northern India

It is alleged that the agricultural output in poor countries responds very little to movements in prices and costs because of subsistence-oriented produc¬tion and self-produced inputs. The work of Gupta and Majid is concerned with the empirical verification of the responsiveness of farmers to prices and marketing policies in a backward region. The authors' analysis of the respon¬siveness of farmers to economic incentives is based on two sets of data (concern¬ing sugarcane, cash crop, and paddy, subsistence crop) collected from the district of Deoria in Eastern U.P. (Utter Pradesh) a chronically foodgrain deficit region in northern India. In one set, they have aggregate time-series data at district level and, in the other, they have obtained data from a survey of five villages selected from 170 villages around Padrauna town in Deoria.

scholarly journals The Connections between COVID-19 and the Energy Commodities Prices: Evidence through the Dynamic Time Warping Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4024
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dmytrów ◽  
Joanna Landmesser ◽  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dynamic Time Warping ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Warping ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Dynamic Time

The main objective of the study is to assess the similarity between the time series of energy commodity prices and the time series of daily COVID-19 cases. The COVID-19 pandemic affects all aspects of the global economy. Although this impact is multifaceted, we assess the connections between the number of COVID-19 cases and the energy commodities sector. We analyse these connections by using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method. On this basis, we calculate the similarity measure—the DTW distance between the time series—and use it to group the energy commodities according to their price change. Our analysis also includes finding the time shifts between daily COVID-19 cases and commodity prices in subperiods according to the chronology of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings are that commodities such as ULSD, heating oil, crude oil, and gasoline are weakly associated with COVID-19. On the other hand, natural gas, palm oil, CO2 allowances, and ethanol are strongly associated with the development of the pandemic.

Prevalence and Causal Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremity and Trunk among Japanese Pianists and Piano Students

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Hidehiro Nakahara ◽  
Tomoko Aoki ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) among Japanese female classical pianists of different age groups. The causal factors for PRMDs also were examined. A group of 203 senior pianists, including piano teachers and students with piano majors at high schools and colleges, were surveyed using questionnaires. Results showed that 77% of these pianists suffered from PRMDs in at least one of their body portions. This value was larger than those reported in Western countries. Forty-four percent of these were serious enough to warrant medical treatment, which was a lower rate than reported in Western countries. The difference in these numbers may reflect the current state of understanding of PRMDs among Japanese pianists and their educators. The prevalence of PRMDs was found to be age-dependent. In the student groups, the finger/hand had the highest rate of PRMDs, followed by the forearm and shoulder. The senior group, on the other hand, had the highest PRMD incidence at the neck/trunk, followed by the forearm and hand/finger. Care may need to be exercised for these differences. The results also indicated that prolonged daily practice (>4 hours), playing chords forcefully, eagerness about practice, and nervous traits were found to contribute to the development of PRMDs in these pianists. Hand size was, on the other hand, not a significant risk factor of PRMDs.

Demographic changes and savings behavior: the experience of a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
The Government

PurposeThis paper aims to disclose the savings behavior of Iran's economy in the context of demographic transition.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a version of Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans growth model, this paper benefits from a broad range of data and variables which are mainly taken from the Central Bank of Iran's database. The study uses actual and calculated data to produce analogous simulated data. The data cover the 1970–2015 period. This long period provides an opportunity to simulate more valid time series. It is worth noting that due to the severe economic sanctions imposed on the Iran's economy, particularly after 2017, some most recent data have been obliterated from the sample.FindingsThe results, stemming from the simulated model, hint that; firstly, the population variable is a notable determinant of the savings rate. Secondly, the effects of a slump in the population growth rate would attenuate the savings level significantly. Thirdly, other pragmatic steps could be taken to redress the fallout of the demographic changes.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some limitations in providing broad data related to economic sectors in Iran. The savings data, for instance, are available as an aggregated time series, and if the authors had wide data of household level, they would have been able to build more detail-based model. Similar to this issue of lack of households’ income-based data, some measures such as high or low levels as well as detailed demographic data could be helpful in sophisticated household level resulting. In addition, the complex relationship between the government and social security (pension) funds, in terms of financing part of government's budget deficit by these funds, thwarts a typical researcher in using comprehensive and transparent government expenditure data in their research. In other words, the possible positive or negative role of the funds, as a related issue to the demographic changes, cannot simply be determined in the model. It might be possible after necessary corrections are carried out in the mentioned relations.Originality/valueIn fact, the problem statement in this paper is to discern how the population aging can impact the saving rates on the one hand, and to what extent its repercussion can be modified by the other theoretical-based determinants on the other. In fact, the underlying argument of the present research arises from the stylized facts concerning prognosticates of the future evolutions of the world's population. To that end, the study will use Iran's economic and demographic data.

Treatment of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis of the Scalp with Desonide 0.05% Solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cassano ◽  
G. Alessandrini ◽  
D. Fai ◽  
M. Gabbellone ◽  
M. Gravante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Scalp Lesions ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Topical corticosteroids are commonly used for the short-term management of seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) of the scalp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and cosmetic acceptability of desonide 0.05% solution, whose alcohol-free formulation is innovative with respect to traditional corticosteroid lotions, in the treatment of SD of the scalp. For this purpose, 155 adult subjects applied on scalp lesions desonide once daily for 1 week, on alternate days for 3 weeks, and two times a week for 4 weeks. A significant reduction of the severity of erythema, scaling and pruritus was observed (P<0.001). Interestingly, during the phase of gradual reduction of weekly applications, results were frequently maintained or improved further. Twenty patients (13%) at 4 weeks and 85 patients (58%) at 8 weeks had their scalp SD cleared. Most patients regarded the overall effectiveness, tolerability and acceptability as satisfactory; patients who had previously used common steroid lotions expressed a positive judgment on desonide solution compared to the other lotions in terms of efficacy, acceptability, rapidity of action, tolerability and persistence of effects. In conclusion, our preliminary findings indicate that desonide 0.05% solution is suitable for the short-term management of scalp SD.

China's Universities since Tiananmen: A Critical Assessment

1993 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hayhoe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Western Influences ◽  
The One ◽  
Considerable Support ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

China's present leadership sees universities as being of key importance for the country's economic development and for its relationship with Western countries. This is a kind of two-edged sword. On the one hand, considerable support and encouragement for scientific and technological development is provided, together with pressures for scientific findings to be applied to specific economic development needs. On the other, the reflective and theoretical social sciences and the humanities are being purged of Western influences in efforts to mobilize all resources against what is seen as the Western strategy of fostering “peaceful evolution” towards capitalism. The kinds of tension that arise out of this highly contradictory situation are severe.

Ascending India–Its State-Capacity Problems and Prospects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Ganguly ◽  
William R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
State Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Separatist Movements ◽  
Poor Infrastructure ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

This concluding chapter focuses on India's state-capacity problems and prospects. Its population may become the world's largest, its economy is becoming one of the world's largest, and its military power will probably move along at least a similar upward trajectory. Yet just about everything concerning India is characterized by developmental handicaps of one sort or another. Too many people are poor, infrastructure is lacking, and demands on the state for action to remedy these problems are multiplying. The Indian state, on the other hand, is characterized by a mixture of strengths and weaknesses. It scores high on its democratic attributes but much less so on its overall effectiveness. It has been and continues to be plagued by peripheral insurgencies and separatist movements. Moreover, its extraction capacity has improved but still has a long way to go, given the tasks the state needs to undertake.

scholarly journals On the volatility of sensex

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Nateson C ◽  
Suganya D
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Daily Returns

The present study seeks to analyse Volatility of popular stock index SENSEX. The present study is based on the closing time series data of SENSEX covering the period from 3rd January 2000, to 30th June 2011. The year 2008 has recorded higher Volatility compared to the other years of the study. Volatility fell in the year 2009 from the high of 2008. The years after were comparatively calmer. In the year 2000, the Volatility was higher signifying enhance market activity. The overall daily Volatility for SENSEX was approximately 1.70 % while the annualized value was approximately 25%-26%. Events Reported around Daily Returns in Excess of +/-5%have also been identified.

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