The Effect of the Spanish Civil War on City Shares

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael González-Val ◽  
Javier Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
American Economic Review ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
R And D ◽  
Break Points ◽  
The City

Abstract This paper examines the effect of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) shock on city shares of population applying the methodology proposed by Davis, D. R., and D. E. Weinstein. 2002. “Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity.” The American Economic Review 92 (5): 1269–89. We make use of an unexploited long-term, historical dataset of populations disaggregated at the city level. Our instruments, a key methodological issue, are based on dead and wounded data collected by historians. We show that the effect of the Spanish Civil War on capital cities was temporary, and argue that the locational fundamentals theory is the principal explanation.

scholarly journals La reconstrucción de Teruel: el devenir de una identidad | The reconstruction of Teruel: the evolution of an identity

ZARCH ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Miguel Sancho ◽  
Beatriz Martín
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
The City

Como consecuencia de la devastación a la que se verá sometida Teruel durante la guerra civil española gran parte del núcleo urbano se verá afectado. Esta dramática situación planteará la necesidad reconstruir la ciudad pero también la posibilidad de renovar la trama urbana. En el presente artículo se estudiaran las distintas propuestas llevadas a cabo durante este proceso, la tensión entre las ideas reformistas que entenderán la situación como una oportunidad renovadora sin prejuicios e ideas mucho más conservacionistas preocupadas por la identidad histórica de la ciudad, enfrentarán a los distintos agentes involucrados y finalmente dará lugar a la definitiva actuación propuesta. Es imprescindible conocer y reflexionar sobre una sucesión de ideas que plasmadas sobre el papel pueden decidir el futuro de un pueblo, pero también la conservación de su pasado, de su memoria.As a result of the devastation which will come under Teruel during the Spanish civil war much of the urban area will be affected. This dramatic situation arises the need to rebuild the city but also the possibility of renewing the urban fabric. In this article, the various proposals made during this process will be evaluated. The tension between reformist ideas to understand the situation as a renewed and unprejudiced opportunity and much more conservationist ideas concerned with the historical identity of the city will create a confrontation between different involved agents and ultimately lead to the final proposed action. It is essential to know and think of a series of ideas that once reflected on paper can decide the future of the people, but also the preservation of their past, their memory.

Wojna na pomniki w Katalonii, czyli co zrobić z upamiętnieniem bitwy pod Ebro

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (0) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Political Left ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

War on Memorials in Catalonia. What to Do with Commemoration of the Battle of the Ebro The article discusses the conflicts taking place in public life over interpretation of the significance of places of national memory. The author presents them on the example of the dispute that arose in Spain over a memorial in the Catalan city of Tortosa. It commemorates the Battle of the Ebro, the military operation of the largest scale and consequences during the Spanish Civil War. The opponents of the memorial consider it as a testimony to the victory of Francoism and an unsightly and disgraceful element in the urban tissue. They appeal for its liquidation, while those arguing for its preservation and reinterpretation of the symbolic meaning treat it as an architecturally valuable distinguishing feature of the city. The fate of the controversial memorial does not rest solely in the hands of local authorities, but it has become a subject of political disagreement, disputes among residents and non-governmental activities. They are taking place against a background of the current legal basis of historical memory (Law 52/2007 of 26 December), which was developed by the political Left to compensate for the harm done to the victims of the Civil War and the Francoist dictatorship, and to implement changes in public space in connection with the traces of Francoism. However, its content leaves quite a big decision-making margin to the public authorities as to removing the traces of the regime from reinterpretation.

scholarly journals Morality and Biology in the Spanish Civil War: Psychiatrists, Revolution and Women Prisoners in Málaga

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Richards
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Moral Culpability ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The psychiatric study of women prisoners in the city of Málaga during the Spanish Civil War provides a starting point for a two-part analysis of the gendered tension between biology and morality. First, the relationship of organic psychiatry and bio-typologies to, in turn, liberalism and neo-Thomist Catholicism is discussed. The supposedly ‘biological’ roots of conditions such as hysteria and their link to women's revolutionary behaviour are examined. Second, prison records are used to examine the material conditions of women in the city and the gendered construction of their moral culpability during the revolution. Both medical science and Catholic doctrine could be exploited in declaring the indissolubility of gendered morality.

Force and the city: occupying and controlling Madrid in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pérez-Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Abstract For some years, the historiography on Francoist violence has engaged with debates developed by European scholars on the importance of citizen collaboration in authoritarian regimes. In some cases, denunciations made by ‘ordinary men’ have been quantified to establish the extent of violence in everyday life, without taking other qualitative criteria into account. This article explores the importance of urban criteria such as neighbourhood, sociability and mobility in the scope of Francoist violence, taking the military occupation of Madrid at the end of the Spanish Civil War as a case-study.

scholarly journals Skogler: Photography at the Service of Falangism (Zaragoza, July 1936)

Fascism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-84
Author(s):  
Diego Navarro-Bonilla ◽  
Jesús Robledano-Arillo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Special Profile ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Abstract This article analyses the role of ‘Skogler’ (Ángel Cortés Gracia), a photographer who worked for the insurgent Falangist forces in the city of Zaragoza, the capital of Aragón, from the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Skogler’s strong and early ties to the fascist movement, going back years before the war, suggest a special profile of an individual who supported the Falangist party by means of visual propaganda and printed photographs. Most of the photographs selected for study here have never been published before. They were shot in the early days of the military uprising against the Republic and help give us a more accurate understanding of armed fascism in the Aragonese capital, which ultimately fell to the rebels. This paper is part of an ongoing research project and exhibition to analyse and describe the contents and physical characteristics of the Skogler Archive, composed of more than 3,500 negatives recovered in diverse chronological phases.

scholarly journals Desarrollo local y vaciamiento demográfico en Moratalla (Murcia, España): ¿un proceso reversible a través de la promoción turística?

2021 ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Francisco José Morales Yago
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
The Third ◽  
Population Evolution ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The City

Resumen: El municipio de Moratalla, ubicado en la comarca del NO de Murcia (España) presenta por sus datos respecto a la evolución poblacional una de las pocas excepciones en el conjunto regional, ya que pierde población desde al menos cuatro décadas. Esta situación significa un progresivo deterioro en la actividad económica, el envejecimiento de la población y un importante abandono del casco histórico de la ciudad, así como en una serie de pedanías localizadas en un amplio término municipal de 954,82 km2, el tercero más extenso de la Región de Murcia que está compuesta por cuarenta y cinco términos municipales. Los análisis estadísticos, cuestionario tabulados y entrevistas de carácter cualitativo a expertos locales señalan un escenario para esta ciudad y su término municipal preocupante, que en caso de que no se consiga frenar podría desembocar a medio y largo plazo en una aguda regresión social y económica de este municipio. A través de la herramienta DAFO aplicada básicamente a la promoción turística de interior se harán propuestas que contribuyan a detener la sangría demográfica, diversificando la económica local basada en el sector primario y en la salida diaria de muchos vecinos a otras localidades, donde desarrollan sus puestos de trabajo.   Palabras clave: Despoblación, vaciamiento, desarrollo local, Moratalla, estrategia territorial.   Abstract: The municipality of Moratalla, located in the NW region of Murcia (Spain) presents, due to its data regarding population evolution, one of the few exceptions in the regional set, since it has lost population for at least four decades. This situation means a progressive deterioration in economic activity, the aging of the population and a significant abandonment of the historic center of the city, as well as in a series of districts located in a large municipal area of 954.82 km2, the third largest of the Murcia Region, which is made up of forty-five municipalities. Statistical analyzes, tabulated questionnaires and qualitative interviews with local experts indicate a worrying scenario for this city and its municipal area, which in the event of failure to stop could lead in the medium and long term into an acute social and economic regression of this municipality. Through the SWOT tool applied basically to inland tourism promotion, proposals will be made that help to stop demographic bleeding, diversifying the local economy based on the primary sector and the daily departure of many residents to other locations, where they develop their jobs of work.   Key words: Depopulation, emptying, local development, Moratalla, territorial strategy.

Mobilizing memories: The social conditions of the long-term impact of victimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 002234332091281
Author(s):  
Francisco Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Impact

Recent research has focused on the legacies of civil war violence on political preferences, finding that wartime victimization decreases support for the perpetrator or its political identity in the long run. However, we know little about the conditions under which this effect takes place. Historical accounts from civil wars suggest that the long-term effect of violence is not homogenous, nor consistent across areas within a single conflict. Addressing this gap, this article explores the effects of wartime victimization on long-term political preferences at the local level, looking at the conditioning effect of the local social context. In particular, I argue that the effect of wartime violence depends on the existence of local networks that create and maintain memories of the violence and capitalize on them for future mobilization. This argument is tested in the context of the Spanish Civil War. I build a novel dataset using archival data, historical secondary sources, and already existing datasets, covering 2,100 municipalities across Spain. In line with the argument, it is found that Francoist wartime victimization during the civil war is linked to an increase in leftist vote share after democracy was restored four decades later, but mainly in those municipalities where clandestine, left-leaning political networks were active after the conflict.

wide range of customers, might have been able to raise the price of his end product, thereby spreading the increased cost among a greater number of people. In some instances, it is arguable that the best insurer principle has been ignored with the result that the judicial allocation of risk may have been subject to criticism. Arguably, such a case was Tatem Ltd v Gamboa, in which the ship detained during the Spanish Civil War was considered to be at the risk of the owner, because the contract was held to be frustrated. However, it has been observed already that the contract provided that the charterer would not be responsible for hire charges if the ship was lost, but made no provision for the allocation of responsibility should the ship be detained. Although the parties were silent on the matter, one reason for not making any such provision might have been that the owners would have found it easier to insure against loss rather than detention and that it was the implied intention of the parties that the charterer should obtain insurance in this last respect, if he was able to do so. In relation to long term contractual arrangements such as a lease of land, there used to be a view to the effect that the doctrine of frustration had no application. It is clear now that this is no longer the case and that there is no

1995 ◽  
pp. 378-378
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Do So
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