Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Muscle Strength and the Electromyographic Activity of the Lower Body in Women With Low Bone Mass

Abstract Introduction. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are related to changes in the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle and contribute to a decreased level of muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Nordic walking training on muscle strength and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower body in women with low bone mass. Material and methods. The participants of the study were 27 women with low bone mass. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Women from the experimental group participated in 12 weeks of regular Nordic walking training. Functional strength was assessed with a 30-second chair stand test. The EMG activities of the gluteus maximus (GMax), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), soleus (SOL), and lumbar (LB) muscles were measured using a surface electromyogram. Results. Nordic walking training induced a significant increase in the functional strength (p = 0.006) of the lower body and activity of GMax (p = 0.013) and a decrease in body mass (p = 0.006) in women with reduced bone mass. There was no statistically significant increase in the EMG activities of the RF, BF, SOL, or LB muscles. The study did not indicate any significant changes in functional muscle strength, the EMG activity of the lower body, or anthropometry in women from the control group. Conclusions. Nordic walking training induces positive changes in lower body strength and the electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus as well as a decrease in body mass in women with low bone mass.

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Plyometrics and lifestyle effects on bone mineral density among premenopausal women: demographic and physiological analysis

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 4126-4134

Author(s):

Golda sahaya Rani R ◽

Aruna S ◽

Vijayaraghavan R

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Experimental Group

Bones have a numerous significant functions in the body such as supporting and protecting various organs of the body. Osteoporosis is a disease of bone characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, that leads to enhanced bone fragility and increased likelihood of fractures. Osteoporosis may be caused due to lower than the normal peak bone mass. Low bone mass results in faster rate of bone porosity and predisposes to osteoporotic fractures. Plyometrics is one of the most effective types of exercises for stimulating bone growth .The aim of the study was first to evaluate the effectiveness of plyometrics benefits on physiological parameters of osteoporosis among premenopausal women. Second to find out the association between the physiological parameters of osteoporosis among premenopausal women with selected demographic variables. The research approach was a Quantitative approach. Design adapted for the study was a true Experimental design with one control group and one experimental group. Data collected from 40 self help group women who were the members of kanchi sangamam from a selected area at chennai.sample were collected by using simple random technique.Based on the inclusion criteria and availability of premenopausal women, they were allocated into the control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20)..plyometrics was given to the experimental group for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive an intervention. it was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics The study determined there is significant changes in physiological parameters of osteoporosis among the experimental group(p<0.001).as compared to the control group The study concluded that was an improvement in bone mineral density at the end of intervention.

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A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyographic Activity in the Back Squat and Barbell Hip Thrust Exercises

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2014-0301 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 452-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Bret Contreras ◽

Andrew D. Vigotsky ◽

Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽

Chris Beardsley ◽

John Cronin

Keyword(s):

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Gluteus Maximus ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Electromyographic Activity ◽

Lower Body ◽

Back Squat ◽

Training Studies ◽

And Performance ◽

Increased Strength

The back squat and barbell hip thrust are both popular exercises used to target the lower body musculature; however, these exercises have yet to be compared. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper and lower gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis between the back squat and barbell hip thrust. Thirteen trained women (n = 13; age = 28.9 years; height = 164 cm; mass = 58.2 kg) performed estimated 10-repetition maximums (RM) in the back squat and barbell hip thrust. The barbell hip thrust elicited significantly greater mean (69.5% vs 29.4%) and peak (172% vs 84.9%) upper gluteus maximus, mean (86.8% vs 45.4%) and peak (216% vs 130%) lower gluteus maximus, and mean (40.8% vs 14.9%) and peak (86.9% vs 37.5%) biceps femoris EMG activity than the back squat. There were no significant differences in mean (99.5% vs 110%) or peak (216% vs 244%) vastus lateralis EMG activity. The barbell hip thrust activates the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris to a greater degree than the back squat when using estimated 10RM loads. Longitudinal training studies are needed to determine if this enhanced activation correlates with increased strength, hypertrophy, and performance.

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Lower Extremity Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Stroke Sequelae through Virtual Reality Associated with Mirror Therapy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2654

Author(s):

Roxana Steliana Miclaus ◽

Nadinne Roman ◽

Ramona Henter ◽

Silviu Caloian

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Control Group ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Cohen’S D ◽

Cohen's D ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Post Therapy

More innovative technologies are used worldwide in patient’s rehabilitation after stroke, as it represents a significant cause of disability. The majority of the studies use a single type of therapy in therapeutic protocols. We aimed to identify if the association of virtual reality (VR) therapy and mirror therapy (MT) exercises have better outcomes in lower extremity rehabilitation in post-stroke patients compared to standard physiotherapy. Fifty-nine inpatients from 76 initially identified were included in the research. One experimental group (n = 31) received VR therapy and MT, while the control group (n = 28) received standard physiotherapy. Each group performed seventy minutes of therapy per day for ten days. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed that both groups registered significant differences between pre-and post-therapy clinical status for the range of motion and muscle strength (p < 0.001 and Cohen’s d between 0.324 and 0.645). Motor Fugl Meyer Lower Extremity Assessment also suggested significant differences pre-and post-therapy for both groups (p < 0.05 and Cohen’s d 0.254 for the control group and 0.685 for the experimental group). Mann-Whitney results suggested that VR and MT as a therapeutic intervention have better outcomes than standard physiotherapy in range of motion (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.693), muscle strength (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.924), lower extremity functionality (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.984) and postural balance (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.936). Our research suggests that VR therapy associated with MT may successfully substitute classic physiotherapy in lower extremity rehabilitation after stroke.

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Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioral development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-250521/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Phyo Thura Aung ◽

Chiho Kato ◽

Akiyo Fujita ◽

Yasunori Abe ◽

Takuya Ogawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Electromyographic Activity ◽

Jaw Movements ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Gape Size ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract The effect of altered occlusal force on masticatory-related neuromuscular control, which projects from the anterior part of the cortical masticatory area (A-CMA), during growth remains unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on neuromuscular development of jaw muscle activities and cortically-induced rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) in growing rats. Sixty-four two-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into the control (fed normal diet) and experimental (fed soft diet) groups soon after weaning. Electromyographic activity was recorded at 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks from the right masseter and anterior digastric along with RJMs. We found a significantly longer onset latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude in the experimental group than that in the control group. The RJMs showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until up to 9 weeks in both groups. However, both the average gape size and lateral excursion were significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group after 9 weeks. The jaw movement pattern also showed a significant decrease at the maximum opening period in the experimental group. Our findings indicate that inadequate occlusal function during growth alters neuromuscular control of masticatory behaviors and impairs the pattern of RJMs.

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Elastic Resistance Training Produces Benefits Similar to Conventional Resistance Training in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 1891-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabiano F de Lima ◽

Vinicius Cavalheri ◽

Bruna S A Silva ◽

Isis Grigoletto ◽

Juliana S Uzeloto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Elastic Resistance ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of elastic resistance training on improving muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and dyspnea in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods For this systematic review, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase (OVID), PEDro, SciELO, and CINAHL were searched from inception to November 2019. Included studies were randomized clinical trials in which people with stable COPD were allocated to (1) an experimental group that received lower-limb resistance training, upper-limb resistance training, or both using elastic resistance; or (2) a control group that received no or sham resistance training or conventional resistance training using weight machines. Data extraction was performed by 3 review authors. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Eight studies on 332 participants were included. Results Knee extensor strength was higher in the experimental group (standardized mean difference = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.09–0.95) compared with the non-exercise control group. Compared with the conventional exercise control, the experimental group presented similar effects for muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea (95% CI overlapped the line of no effect for all). Conclusions Elastic resistance training improves muscle strength in people with COPD. The current review suggests elastic resistance as a potential alternative to conventional resistance training using weight machines, as they show similar effects on muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea. Impact Due to its beneficial effects, including reduced risk of exacerbation-related hospitalizations, exercise training is viewed as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with COPD. This study shows that elastic resistance training can be an effective, portable, practical, and low-cost alternative to conventional weight resistance training. Lay Summary Training with elastic resistance tubes or bands—which are easy to carry, easy to use, and relatively low cost—can be an effective way to improve strength for people with COPD and promote similar benefits to those achieved with weight machines.

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The Influence of 24-Hour Sleep Deprivation on the Strength of Lower Limb Muscles in Young and Physically Fit Women and Men

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12072762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2762

Author(s):

Karolina Kujawa ◽

Marta Ołpińska-Lischka ◽

Janusz Maciaszek

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Education Students ◽

Lower Limb Muscles ◽

Physical Education Students ◽

Flexor Muscles ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 24-h sleep deprivation on the muscle strength of young, healthy and physically fit people. The research material consisted of physical education students. In total, 67 people participated in the study, including 38 women and 29 men. Respondents were divided into an experimental group “E” of 44 persons subjected to 24-h sleep deprivation and a control group “C” of 23 persons. Students completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) measuring daytime sleepiness. Students performed measurements of the maximum strength of knee joint extensor and flexor muscles. Measurements of muscle strength of flexors and extensors of the knee were taken on a UPR-02 A/S chair with Moment II by Sumer software. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine the significance of differences between experimental “E” and control “C” group. Statistical significance was defined at the level of p ≤ 0.05. Statistically significant differences were observed in the change of strength levels between groups at the strength moments of right (p < 0.05, η2p = 0.16) and left (p < 0.05, η2p = 0.08) knee muscles extensor. Changes in extensor muscle strength are significant for students with left dominant legs.

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Side-Alternating Vibration Training for Balance and Ankle Muscle Strength in Untrained Women

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.03 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 590-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Styliani I. Spiliopoulou ◽

Ioannis G. Amiridis ◽

Georgios Tsigganos ◽

Vassilia Hatzitaki

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Training Group ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Control Group ◽

Static Balance ◽

Electromyographic Activity ◽

Peroneus Longus ◽

Ankle Muscle

Context: Side-alternating vibration (SAV) may help reduce the risk of falling by improving body balance control. Such training has been promoted as a strength-training intervention because it can increase muscle activation through an augmented excitatory input from the muscle spindles. Objective: To determine the effect of SAV training on static balance during 3 postural tasks of increasing difficulty and lower limb strength. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 21 healthy women were divided into training (n = 11; age = 43.35 ± 4.12 years, height = 169 ± 6.60 cm, mass = 68.33 ± 11.90 kg) and control (n = 10; age = 42.31 ± 3.73 years, height = 167 ± 4.32 cm, mass = 66.29 ± 10.74 kg) groups. Intervention(s): The training group completed a 9-week program during which participants performed 3 sessions per week of ten 15-second isometric contractions with a 30-second active rest of 3 exercises (half-squat, wide-stance squat, 1-legged half-squat) on an SAV plate (acceleration = 0.91–16.3g). The control group did not participate in any form of exercise over the 9-week period. Main Outcome Measure(s): We evaluated isokinetic and isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and evertors. Static balance was assessed using 3 tasks of increasing difficulty (quiet bipedal stance, tandem stance, 1-legged stance). The electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus was recorded during postural task performance, baseline and pretraining, immediately posttraining, and 15 days posttraining. Results: After training in the training group, ankle muscle strength improved (P = .03), whereas knee muscle strength remained unaltered (P = .13). Improved ankle-evertor strength was observed at all angular velocities (P = .001). Postural sway decreased in both directions but was greater in the mediolateral (P < .001) than anteroposterior (P = .02) direction. The electromyographic activity of the peroneus longus increased during the sharpened tandem (P = .001) and 1-legged tasks (P = .007). No changes were seen in the control group for any measures. Conclusions: The SAV training could enhance ankle muscle strength and reduce postural sway during static balance performance. The reduction in mediolateral sway could be associated with the greater use of ankle evertors due to their strength improvement.

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Serum sclerostin levels in men with idiopathic osteoporosis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-1074 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 615-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B Lapauw ◽

S Vandewalle ◽

Y Taes ◽

S Goemaere ◽

H Zmierczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

Idiopathic Osteoporosis

ObjectiveSclerostin inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. If aberrant sclerostin action is involved in less efficient bone acquisition in men with idiopathic low bone mass, this might be reflected in higher serum sclerostin levels.MethodsIn 116 men with idiopathic osteoporosis (≤65 years old), 40 of their sons and healthy controls, areal bone parameters were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric and geometric bone parameters were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Serum analytes were measured using immunoassays and estradiol (E2) levels using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsMen with idiopathic low bone mass had lower levels of sclerostin than the controls (0.54±0.17 vs 0.66±0.23 ng/ml;P<0.001). In both groups, sclerostin levels were strongly associated with age; when adjusting for age, no associations with anthropometrics were observed (P>0.14). In multivariate analyses, sclerostin levels displayed a positive association with whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and areal BMD (aBMD), as well as with trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the tibia in the probands. No clear associations were observed in the control group, neither were sclerostin levels associated with BMC at the radius or lumbar spine (allP>0.11). Testosterone, but not E2, was inversely related to sclerostin levels in the probands. No difference in sclerostin levels was found in their sons when compared with their controls.ConclusionLower rather than higher serum sclerostin levels in the probands with idiopathic low bone mass suggest that aberrant sclerostin secretion is not involved in the pathogenesis of low bone mass in these subjects.

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Do Verbal and Tactile Cueing Selectively Alter Gluteus Maximus and Hamstring Recruitment During a Supine Bridging Exercise in Active Females? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2016-0130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 138-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John H. Hollman ◽

Tyler A. Berling ◽

Ellen O. Crum ◽

Kelsie M. Miller ◽

Brent T. Simmons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Effect Size ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Gluteus Maximus ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Women ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Tactile Cues ◽

Hip Extension ◽

Experimental Group

Context: Hip extension with hamstring-dominant rather than gluteus maximus-dominant recruitment may increase anterior femoracetabular forces and contribute to conditions that cause hip pain. Cueing methods during hip extension exercises may facilitate greater gluteus maximus recruitment. Objective: We examined whether specific verbal and tactile cues facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment while inhibiting hamstring recruitment during a bridging exercise. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: 30 young adult women (age 24 [3] y; BMI 22.2 [2.4] kg/m2). Intervention: Participants were tested over 2 sessions, 1 week apart, while performing 5 repetitions of a bridging exercise. At their second visit, participants in the experimental group received verbal and tactile cues intended to facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment and inhibit hamstring recruitment. Control group participants received no additional cues beyond original instructions. Main Outcome Measures: Gluteus maximus and hamstring recruitment were measured with surface electromyography, normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Results: Gluteus maximus recruitment was unchanged in the control group and increased from 16.8 to 33.0% MVIC in the cueing group (F = 33.369, P < .001). Hamstring recruitment was unchanged in the control group but also increased from 16.5 to 29.8% MVIC in the cueing group (F = 6.400, P = .02). The effect size of the change in gluteus maximus recruitment in the cueing group (Cohen’s d = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.2) was not significantly greater than the effect size in hamstring recruitment (Cohen’s d = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.5). Conclusions: Verbal and tactile cues hypothesized to facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment yielded comparable increases in both gluteus maximus and hamstring recruitment. If one intends to promote hip extension by facilitating gluteus maximus recruitment while inhibiting hamstring recruitment during bridging exercises, the cueing methods employed in this study may not produce desired effects.

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Effectiveness of Hold Relax Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.80 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1919-1923

Author(s):

Mohammad Miraj

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Knee Replacement ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Bilateral Knee ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽

Total Knee ◽

Experimental Group

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a popular flexibility training, which involves stretching and contraction of the target muscle group. PNF stretching is effective among athletes for improving passive range of motion, flexibility, and performance. Patients who undergo total knee replacement surgeries exhibit pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, muscle weakness, and stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the hold relax PNF technique to improve the balance and muscle strength in subjects with a bilateral knee replacement. Sixty four patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated into two groups by random allocation. The experimental group A (n=32) received the Hold Relax PNF technique with conventional treatment whereas, the control group B (n=32) received only conventional treatment as a part of the Home Exercise Program (HEP). Outcome measures used for evaluation included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score for measuring pain, muscle strength, and balance respectively. Students t-test showed significant differences between variables mean scores from two groups after three weeks of intervention. There was a statistical significant (t(32) = 2.38, p = 0.02) change in the mean scores of VAS in the experimental group (mean difference pre-post=3.19) as compared to control group ( mean difference pre -post=3.19) with Cohen’s d = 2.744588. Similarly for MMT(t(32) = 0.415, p = 0.005) and BBS scores (t(32) = 2.628, p = 0.035). The result of the study suggests that the Hold Relax PNF technique is more effective than conventional treatment alone in decreasing pain as well as increasing balance and muscle strength in bilateral knee replacement patients.

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