scholarly journals Lower Extremity Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Stroke Sequelae through Virtual Reality Associated with Mirror Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2654
Author(s):  
Roxana Steliana Miclaus ◽  
Nadinne Roman ◽  
Ramona Henter ◽  
Silviu Caloian
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Post Therapy

More innovative technologies are used worldwide in patient’s rehabilitation after stroke, as it represents a significant cause of disability. The majority of the studies use a single type of therapy in therapeutic protocols. We aimed to identify if the association of virtual reality (VR) therapy and mirror therapy (MT) exercises have better outcomes in lower extremity rehabilitation in post-stroke patients compared to standard physiotherapy. Fifty-nine inpatients from 76 initially identified were included in the research. One experimental group (n = 31) received VR therapy and MT, while the control group (n = 28) received standard physiotherapy. Each group performed seventy minutes of therapy per day for ten days. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed that both groups registered significant differences between pre-and post-therapy clinical status for the range of motion and muscle strength (p < 0.001 and Cohen’s d between 0.324 and 0.645). Motor Fugl Meyer Lower Extremity Assessment also suggested significant differences pre-and post-therapy for both groups (p < 0.05 and Cohen’s d 0.254 for the control group and 0.685 for the experimental group). Mann-Whitney results suggested that VR and MT as a therapeutic intervention have better outcomes than standard physiotherapy in range of motion (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.693), muscle strength (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.924), lower extremity functionality (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.984) and postural balance (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.936). Our research suggests that VR therapy associated with MT may successfully substitute classic physiotherapy in lower extremity rehabilitation after stroke.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Hold Relax Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919-1923
Author(s):  
Mohammad Miraj
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bilateral Knee ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Experimental Group

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a popular flexibility training, which involves stretching and contraction of the target muscle group. PNF stretching is effective among athletes for improving passive range of motion, flexibility, and performance. Patients who undergo total knee replacement surgeries exhibit pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, muscle weakness, and stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the hold relax PNF technique to improve the balance and muscle strength in subjects with a bilateral knee replacement. Sixty four patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated into two groups by random allocation. The experimental group A (n=32) received the Hold Relax PNF technique with conventional treatment whereas, the control group B (n=32) received only conventional treatment as a part of the Home Exercise Program (HEP). Outcome measures used for evaluation included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score for measuring pain, muscle strength, and balance respectively. Students t-test showed significant differences between variables mean scores from two groups after three weeks of intervention. There was a statistical significant (t(32) = 2.38, p = 0.02) change in the mean scores of VAS in the experimental group (mean difference pre-post=3.19) as compared to control group ( mean difference pre -post=3.19) with Cohen’s d = 2.744588. Similarly for MMT(t(32) = 0.415, p = 0.005) and BBS scores (t(32) = 2.628, p = 0.035). The result of the study suggests that the Hold Relax PNF technique is more effective than conventional treatment alone in decreasing pain as well as increasing balance and muscle strength in bilateral knee replacement patients.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIRROR THERAPY WITH REPETITIONS ON LOWER EXTREMITY MOTOR RECOVERY, BALANCE AND MOBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Kritika Verma ◽  
◽  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Manoj Malik ◽  
Neerja Thukral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Comprehensive Rehabilitation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of mirror therapy using motor imagery training on lower extremity motor functioning, balance and mobility in the patients after stroke. Material and methods. A randomized, controlled trial (RCT). Rehabilitation institutes and hospitals. 56 patients with stroke were adventitiously assigned into two different groups i.e., “Group A” (experimental group) and “Group B” (control group). The mean age of Group-A was 50.67 ± 11.18 years and Group-B was 49.16 ± 10.28 years without volitional ankle dorsiflexion. The post-stroke patients under experimental group received the comprehensive rehabilitation therapy along with the MT for LE. Participants received MT near 30 minutes in a day,6 days a week and continued for up-to 6 weeks. Whereas, the post-stroke patients under control group received the placebo therapy along with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy. For motor recovery Brunnstrom stages were used, to assess spasticity the Modified Ashworth Scale was used, for functional ability the Functional Ambulation Category was used and balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale. Results. The experimental group after intervention showed remarkable changes in FAC (mean difference = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-1.26, p = 0.000) and BBS (mean difference = 3.10, 95% CI = 3.21-4.88, p = 0.000) as contrasted to the control group. Conclusions. MT along with the conventional therapy is more effective to improve the balance, mobility and motor recovery as compared to only conventional rehabilitation therapy.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF 14 POINTS ACUPRESSURE ON UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Lalu Hersika Asmawariza ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽  
Desak Made Wenten Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Acupressure is considered as one form of holistic therapies that can improve tissue perfusion to improve motor function in patients with stroke.Objective: To analyze the effect of 14 points acupressure on upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.Methods:  This was a quasy experimental study with pretest posttest control group design. Paired comparative analytic design was also used. Thirty-eight participants were selected, which 19 participants assigned in the experiment and control group. The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to measure the lower and upper muscle strengths.Results: There was a significant difference between the improvement of the upper muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p = 0.010, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000); and there was a significant difference between the improvement of the lower extremity muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p=0.023, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000).Conclusion: The 14 points acupressure is effective in increasing upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke.

scholarly journals Efeito do método pilates na força dos músculos inspiratórios e expiratórios em idosos

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mendes Tozim ◽  
Marcelo Tavella Navega
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Strength

With aging, the respiratory muscle strength decreases and the pilates method is a technique that uses respiration as one of its principles. The present study has the aim of analyzing the influence of the pilates method on respiratory muscle strength in older women. For the evaluation of respiratory muscle strength (inspiratory and expiratory), manovacuometer was used. Thirty-one older women were divided into two groups: 14 participated in the pilates group and 17 in the control group. Participants of the pilates group performed 16 sessions of pilates method with an hour of training, twice week for eight weeks. The control group participated in four educational lectures for eight weeks. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA for repeated measures (p <0.05) and Cohen’s D index were performed. The results showed significant difference and the mean effect for the Cohen’s D index expiratory muscle strength of the pilates group when comparing before (69.71 ± 25.48) and after (85.23 ± 22.21) training (p<0.05) with an increase of 23%. The results of inspiratory muscle strength were not significant but presented an average effect for the Cohen’s D index for the pilates group before (69.71 ± 35.46) and after (88.00 ± 34.87) training, with an increase of 27%. The control group did not present significant differences for the variables evaluated. It could be concluded that the pilates method is effective in improving expiratory muscle strength and provides positive effects on the increase in inspiratory muscle strength.

Ageism: can a museum exhibit make a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-780
Author(s):  
Moran Fruhauf ◽  
Israel (Issi) Doron ◽  
Yuval Palgi
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Images Of Aging ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACTAgeism is a key challenge to today’s aging societies. “Dialogue with Time” is an original Israeli interactive museum exhibit that aims to change negative ageist attitudes by creating a meaningful and stereotype-breaking encounter between visitors and old age. The objective of this study was to examine whether the exhibition reduces ageist attitudes among its visitors. The study employed a comparative pre-post structure with a comparison group. A closed-answer questionnaire was supplied to 100 participants in the experimental group, visitors to the “Dialogue with Time” exhibit, and to 100 participants in the control group. Participants were asked to complete the questionnaire before entering the exhibits and again after experiencing them. Changes in the level of ageism were measured using the Farboni Scale of Ageism. A significant reduction in ageism attitudes was shown in the experimental group when comparing before and after the visit, t(91) = 11.75, p = 0.001, with a good effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.50, whereas in the control group there was no significant change, t(76) = 0.05, p = 0.95, and a weak effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.00. The findings indicate that combating ageism can also be sustained by means of museum exhibits. We recommend that museums and other similar public institutions (e.g. art galleries, exhibition halls) use public spaces to advance multigenerational exposure to positive images of aging.

scholarly journals The effect of systematic education on learners’ epistemological beliefs, learning approaches, metacognitive awareness and academic achievement Dizgeli eğitim modelinin öğrenenlerin epistemolojik inanç, öğrenme yaklaşımları, üstbilişsel farkındalık ve akademik başarılarına etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Şule Fırat Durdukoca
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Systematic Education ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to analyze the effect of systematic education on epistemological beliefs, educational approaches, metacognitive awareness and academic achievement of learners. The non-equivalent group pretest-posttest model, which is one of the quasi-experimental designs, was used in this study. The research sample included 102 prospective teachers enrolled in the Adiyaman University Faculty of Education, Primary School Classroom Teaching Program during the 2012-2013 academic year. The programs, prepared on the basis of systematic and traditional educational models, functioned as the experimental variables. The experiment was carried out with the experimental group (n=51) and the control group (n=51) in the 14-week (three course hours a week) "Teaching Principles and Methods" course. Research data was collected using the Epistemological Belief Scale developed by Schommer and translated into Turkish by Deryakulu and Buyukozturk (2002), who also examined its validity and reliability, Teaching Approaches Scale developed by the researcher, the Metacognitive Awareness Scale and the Academic Achievement Test.  The data collected for the study were analyzed using dependent and independent groups t-tests and Cohen's d value calculations. The research found that prospective teachers in the experimental group for which the systematic educational model was implemented did not believe that "learning depends on ability" and that "there exists only one truth" as strongly as those in the control group for which the traditional educational model was implemented. Moreover, prospective teachers in the experimental group had higher levels of "deep learning approach" as well as higher levels of metacognitive awareness and academic achievement. ÖzetBu araştırmada dizgeli eğitim modelinin öğrenenlerin epistemolojik inanç, öğrenme yaklaşımları, üstbilişsel farkındalık ve akademik başarılarına etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada deneysel desenlerden yarı deneme modellerinden eşitlenmemiş kontrol gruplu ön test-son test modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümü Sınıf Öğretmenliği Programı’nda öğrenim gören 102 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Deney değişkenleri olan dizgeli ve geleneksel eğitim modellerine dayalı olarak hazırlanan programlar, deney (n=51) ve kontrol (n=51) gruplarına haftada 3 ders saati olmak üzere toplam 14 hafta “Öğretim İlke ve Yöntemleri” dersinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri;  Schommer tarafından geliştirilen, Deryakulu ve Büyüköztürk (2002) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlikleri incelenen Epistemolojik İnanç Ölçeği ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Öğrenme Yaklaşımları Ölçeği, Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Akademik Başarı Testi kullanılarak toplanmıştır.  Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda toplanan veriler bağımlı ve bağımsız gruplar t testi ve Cohen’s d değeri hesaplamaları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada dizgeli eğitim modelinin uygulandığı deney grubundaki öğretmen adaylarının; epistemolojik inanç açısından “öğrenmenin yeteneğe bağlı olduğuna” ve “tek bir doğrunun var olduğuna” dair inançlarının geleneksel eğitim modelinin uygulandığı kontrol grubuna göre daha az geliştiği, öğrenme yaklaşımları açısından “derin öğrenme yaklaşımı” düzeylerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu, üstbilişsel farkındalık açısından deney grubunun farkındalık düzeylerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu, akademik başarı açısından deney grubunun kontrol grubuna göre akademik başarılarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

The effectiveness of discharge planning and range of motion (ROM) training in increasing muscle strength of nonhemorrhagic stroke patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mohamat Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Central Java

Background: Non-hemorrhagic stroke patients experience hemiparesis, an improper handling results in joint contractures. Discharge planning combined with a range of motion (ROM) training given to patients and their families are expected to improve muscle strength in patients after returning from the hospital. Aims: This study is to identify the effectiveness of discharge planning in increasing muscle strength. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design. A total of 34 respondents were selected by cluster random sampling technique, from RAA Soewondo Pati General Hospital of Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. The respondents were divided equally into two groups; an intervention group (N = 17) was given a discharge planning program together with stroke information and range of motion (ROM) training while the control group (N = 17) received a standard discharge planning available in the hospital. Further, Muscle Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the muscle strength on the 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after discharge planning presented to the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients. Results: This present study clearly acknowledges the standard discharge planning program available in the hospital improve the muscle strength of the upper and lower extremity in the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients just 2nd day after the care (pretest), and the significant improvement was observed until the day 14. Moreover, combining the care with ROM training at the intervention group faster the recovery and the muscle strength improved significantly at the 7th day and continue increase at the day 14. Looking to the muscle strength since the 2nd day to the day 14, respectively the muscle strength of upper and lower limb at the control group improved at the point of 0.588 and 0.882, while at the group received the ROM training reached the value of 1.472 and 1.412. Conclusions: The ROM training combined to the current discharge planning program will faster the muscle strength recovery of the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients. This research provide insight how family plays important role to the success in monitoring the rehabilitation and recovery progress. 

Excess Opioid Disposal Following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 193864002098092
Author(s):  
Cornelia Keyser ◽  
Abhiram Bhashyam ◽  
Abdurrahman Abdurrob ◽  
Jeremy T. Smith ◽  
Eric Bluman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Opioid Medication ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Level I ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Experimental Group

Background Previous research indicates low disposal rates of excess postoperative narcotics, leaving them available for diversion or abuse. This study examined the effect of introducing a portable disposal device on excess opiate opioid disposal rates after lower extremity orthopaedic surgery. Methods This was a single site randomized control trial within an outpatient orthopaedic clinic. All patients 18 years or older, undergoing outpatient foot and ankle surgery between December 1, 2017 and August 1, 2018 were eligible. Patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive standard opioid disposal instructions or a drug deactivation device at 2-week postoperative appointments. Participants completed an anonymous survey at 6-week postoperative appointments. Results Of the 75 patients surveyed, 68% (n = 26) of the experimental group and 56% (n = 21) of the control group had unused opioid medication. Of these, 84.6% of patients who were given Deterra Drug Deactivation System deactivation pouches safely disposed of excess medication, compared with 38% of controls (P = .003). When asked if they would use a disposal device for excess medication in the future, 97.4% (n = 37) of the experimental and 83.8% (n = 31) of the control group reported that they would. Conclusions Providing a portable disposal device with postoperative narcotic prescriptions may increase safe disposal rates of excess opioid medication following lower extremity orthopaedic surgery. Levels of Evidence Level I

Effects of Mirror Therapy Combined With EMG-triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation to Improve on Upper Extremity Function in Patient with Chronic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Yeol Jung ◽  
Pong Sub Youn ◽  
Dong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Upper Extremity Function

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the effects of Mirror therapy combined with EMG-triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation on upper extremity function in patient with Chronic Stroke. A total of 24 chronic stroke patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I (n=8) was given with traditional physical therapy (TPT), group II (n=7) was given with traditional physical therapy and mirror therapy (MT), and group III (n=9) was given with traditional physical therapy and mirror therapy in conjunction with EMG-triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation (EMGFES-MT). Each group performed one hour a day 5 times a week for 6 weeks.We obtained the following result between before and after treatments about changes of elbow flexion muscle strength (EFMS), elbow extension muscle strength (EEMS), wrist flexion muscle strength (WFMS), wrist extension muscle strength (WEMS), elbow flexion range of motion (EFROM), elbow extension range of motion (EEROM), wrist flexion range of motion (WFROM), wrist extension range of motion (WEROM), grip strength (GS) and upper extremity function.Each group showed a significant difference in EFMS, EEMS, WFMS, WEMS, EFROM, EEROM, WFROM, WEROM, GS and upper extremity function (p<0.05) EMFES-MT group revealed significant differences in EEMS, WEROM, grip strength and upper extremity function as compared to the other groups (p<0.05). No difference was found in the change of spasticity among the 3 groups.Our results showed that EMFES-MT was more effective on elbow, WFMS, WEMS, AROM, grip strength and upper extremity function in patients with chronic stroke. We suggest that this study will be able to be used as an intervention data for recovering upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients

scholarly journals Distance Motor Learning during the COVID-19 Induced Confinement: Video Feedback with a Pedagogical Activity Improves the Snatch Technique in Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Omar Trabelsi ◽  
Jordan M. Glenn ◽  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

The purpose of the present study was to investigate which of two strategies, Video Feedback with Pedagogical Activity (VF-PA) or Video Feedback (VF), would be more beneficial for the remote error correction of the snatch weightlifting technique during the confinement period. Thirty-five school aged children with at least three months of weightlifting experience were randomized to one of three training conditions: VF-PA, VF or the Control group (CONT). Subjects underwent test sessions one week before (T0) and one day after (T1) a six-session training period and a retention test session a week later (T2). During each test session, the Kinovea version 0.8.15 software measured the kinematic parameters of the snatch performance. Following distance learning sessions (T1), the VF-PA improved various kinematic parameters (i.e., barbell horizontal displacements, maximum height, looping and symmetry) compared with T0 (p < 0.5; Cohen’s d = 0.58–1.1). Most of these improvements were maintained during the retention test (T2) (p<0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.2–1.3) when compared withT0. However, the VF group improved only twoparameters (i.e., barbell symmetry and horizontal displacement) at T1 (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.9), which were not maintained at T2. Better horizontal displacement and looping values were registered during the retention test in the VF-PA group compared with theCONT group (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.49–1.52). The present findings suggest combining video feedback with pedagogical activity during the pandemic induced online coaching or physical education to improve movement learning in school aged children.

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