scholarly journals Obtaining informed consent from study participants and results of field studies. Methodological problems caused by the literal treatment of codes of ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grzyb
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Prior Consent ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract The article discusses the issue of the necessity of obtaining informed consent from an individual who is to be a participant in an experiment. Codes of ethics concerning the behaviour of a psychologist fundamentally do not permit conducting experiments without informing their participants in advance that they will be conducted. Meanwhile, the act of obtaining prior consent (and thus of informing the study participant that they will be taking part in an experiment) can have a significant impact on results. The article describes an experiment in the field of social influence psychology during which one group was asked for their informed consent to participate in a study, while the second was simply presented with the main request (to sign a letter to the mayor about reducing the number of parking spaces for the disabled). The results demonstrate the strong influence of awareness that a study is being conducted on the decisions taken in the course of the experiment.

scholarly journals Keberkesanan Kaedah Tahfiz Akhyar dalam Meningkatkan Tahap Penguasaan Hafazan Quran bagi Remaja Pekak

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Siti Ramna Khamaruddin ◽  
Nurul Asiah Fasehah Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Study Participant ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Deaf Community ◽  
Final Test ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Study Participants

Memorizing is a way of preserving the sanctity and purity of the holy verses of the Quran. Based on observations, in Malaysia especially many people who memorize the Quran consist of a typical community, even there is no specific method for the disabled community especially the deaf community for memorizing Quran. Hence, this article aims to study the effectiveness of Tahfiz Akhyar method in order to increase the level of Quran memorization for deaf youths through the Deaf Youth Huffaz Camp which lasted for 5 days 4 nights at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and involving 19 deaf youths as a study participant. This study uses a mixed approach through observation method and final test as instrument tool. The findings of the study show that the Tahfiz Akhyar method can help improve the memorization level of some of the common surah. The achievements of the study participants varied according to their tendency, ability and level of hearing. The implication is that the Deaf Youth Huffaz Camp will continue in the future with the support of various parties. Keywords: Tahfiz Akhyar, Level of mastery, Memorization, Quran, Deaf Abstrak Hafazan merupakan cara untuk menjaga kesucian dan ketulenan ayat suci al-Quran. Berdasarkan pemerhatian, di Malaysia khususnya ramai para huffaz terdiri daripada komuniti tipikal sahaja bahkan tiada kaedah khusus bagi komuniti Orang Kelainan Upaya (OKU) khususnya komuniti  Pekak untuk menghafaz Quran. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji keberkesanan Kaedah Tahfiz Akhyar dalam meningkatkan tahap penguasaan hafazan Quran untuk remaja pekak menerusi Kem Huffaz Remaja Pekak yang telah berlangsung selama 5 hari 4 malam bertempat di Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dan melibatkan 19 orang remaja pekak sebagai peserta kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran melalui kaedah pemerhatian dan ujian akhir sebagai alat instrumen. Dapatan daripada kajian menunjukkan bahawa Kaedah Tahfiz Akhyar dapat membantu meningkatkan tahap hafazan beberapa surah lazim. Pencapaian hafazan antara peserta kajian berbeza-beza mengikut kecenderungan, kemampuan dan tahap pendengaran mereka.  Implikasinya, Kem Huffaz Remaja Pekak ini akan diteruskan lagi pada masa akan datang dan dapat sokongan daripada pelbagai pihak. Kata kunci: Tahfiz Akhyar, Tahap penguasaan, Hafazan, Quran, Pekak

scholarly journals Exploring Changes in the Host Gut Microbiota During a Controlled Human Infection Model for Campylobacter jejuni

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake W. Stamps ◽  
Janelle Kuroiwa ◽  
Sandra D. Isidean ◽  
Megan A. Schilling ◽  
Clayton Harro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Study Participants

Campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of foodborne disease, common to children, adult travelers, and military populations in low- to middle-income countries. In the absence of a licensed vaccine, efforts to evaluate prophylactic agents are underway. The prophylactic efficacy of a twice-daily, 550 mg dose of the antibiotic rifaximin demonstrated no efficacy against campylobacteriosis in a controlled human infection model (CHIM); however, samples from the CHIM study were utilized to assess how the human gut microbiome responds to C. jejuni infection, and if a ‘protective’ microbiota exists in study participants not developing campylobacteriosis. Statistically significant, but minor, differences in study participant beta diversity were identified during the challenge period (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.042), but no significant differences were otherwise observed. Pre-challenge alpha diversity was elevated in study participants who did not develop campylobacteriosis compared to those who did (p < 0.001), but alpha diversity declined in all study participants from the pre-challenge period to post-discharge. Our work provides insight into gut microbiome shifts observed during a C. jejuni CHIM and following antibiotic treatment. This study utilized a high dose of 1.7 x 105 colony-forming units of C. jejuni; future work could include CHIM studies performed with inocula more closely mimicking natural exposure as well as field studies involving naturally-occurring enteric infections.

scholarly journals Information Sheets and Informed Consent Forms for Clinical Study Participants: Towards Standardised Recommendations?

Therapies ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Chassany ◽  
Micheline Bernard-Harlaut ◽  
Gilles Guy ◽  
Nathalie Billon ◽  
Bernard Alberola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Study Participants

scholarly journals Written Informed Consent—Translating into Plain Language. A Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zimmermann ◽  
Anna Pilarska ◽  
Aleksandra Gaworska-Krzemińska ◽  
Jerzy Jankau ◽  
Marsha N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: Informed consent is important in clinical practice, as a person’s written consent is required prior to many medical interventions. Many informed consent forms fail to communicate simply and clearly. The aim of our study was to create an easy-to-understand form. Methods: Our assessment of a Polish-language plastic surgery informed consent form used the Polish-language comprehension analysis program (jasnopis.pl, SWPS University) to assess the readability of texts written for people of various education levels; and this enabled us to modify the form by shortening sentences and simplifying words. The form was re-assessed with the same software and subsequently given to 160 adult volunteers to assess the revised form’s degree of difficulty or readability. Results: The first software analysis found the language was suitable for people with a university degree or higher education, and after revision and re-assessment became suitable for persons with 4–6 years of primary school education and above. Most study participants also assessed the form as completely comprehensible. Conclusions: There are significant benefits possible for patients and practitioners by improving the comprehensibility of written informed consent forms.

Informed consent en andere ethische aspecten van onderzoek naar kwetsbare jongeren in Zuid-Afrika

KWALON ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
Methodological Problems

Informed consent and other ethical aspects of research among vulnerable youngsters in South Africa Informed consent and other ethical aspects of research among vulnerable youngsters in South Africa In this article the author will discuss ethical difficulties she encountered during her PhD-research on child-headed households in South Africa. Her idea that children are capable actors was not only different from existing principles in childhood research, but also from local ideas. The difficult environment in which the children and youngsters lived caused more ethical or methodological problems.

Obtaining Informed Consent in an Egyptian Research Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina M Rashad ◽  
Fiona MacVane Phipps ◽  
Melanie Haith-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Collection Phase ◽  
British Research

This article explores the concept of internationally acceptable codes of ethics within the context of an Egyptian nurse’s PhD studies. Theoretical work, including gaining ethical approval for the project, took place in the UK, while the data collection phase of the study was done in Egypt. This highlighted areas where the Arab Muslim interpretation of some ethical principles, especially around the issue of gaining informed consent, differed from that currently accepted in British research ethics. The authors argue that it may not be possible, or even desirable, to standardize codes of ethics globally in areas such as academic research. Ethical principles develop from a unique mix of culture and religion. It may be more important to develop cultural competence that includes the ability to understand and respect the way in which ethical principles are interpreted by various societies.

scholarly journals Symbol Digit Modalities Test Variant in a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim van Oirschot ◽  
Marco Heerings ◽  
Karine Wendrich ◽  
Bram den Teuling ◽  
Marijn B Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Matched Group ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND The decline of cognitive processing speed (CPS) is a common dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is widely used to formally quantify CPS. We implemented a variant of the SDMT in MS sherpa, a smartphone app for persons with MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the MS sherpa smartphone variant of the SDMT (sSDMT). METHODS We performed a validation study with 25 persons with relapsing-remitting MS and 79 healthy control (HC) subjects. In the HC group, 21 subjects were matched to the persons with MS with regard to age, gender, and education and they followed the same assessment schedule as the persons with MS (the “HC matched” group) and 58 subjects had a less intense assessment schedule to determine reference values (the “HC normative” group). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined between the paper-and-pencil SDMT and its smartphone variant (sSDMT) on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart. Other ICCs were determined for test-retest reliability, which were derived from 10 smartphone tests per study participant, with 3 days in between each test. Seven study participants with MS were interviewed regarding their experiences with the sSDMT. RESULTS The SDMT scores were on average 12.06% higher than the sSDMT scores, with a standard deviation of 10.68%. An ICC of 0.838 was found for the construct validity of the sSDMT in the combined analysis of persons with MS and HC subjects. Average ICCs for test-retest reliability of the sSDMT for persons with MS, the HC matched group, and the HC normative group were 0.874, 0.857, and 0.867, respectively. The practice effect was significant between the first and the second test of the persons with MS and the HC matched group and trivial for all other test-retests. The interviewed study participants expressed a positive attitude toward the sSDMT, but they also discussed the importance of adapting a smartphone cognition test in accordance with the needs of the individual persons with MS. CONCLUSIONS The high correlation between sSDMT and the conventional SDMT scores indicates a very good construct validity. Similarly, high correlations underpin a very good test-retest reliability of the sSDMT. We conclude that the sSDMT has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor CPS in persons with MS, both in clinical studies and in clinical practice.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LIPID PROFILE AMONG PATIENTS OF NON-DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Bakul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Various studies have shown the association between dyslipidemia and cardio-vascular risk among patients of chronic renal disease but the association non-significant than patients with normal renal function. There was lack of evidence exists because patients with chronic renal disease were excluded from the major clinical studies where the association with that target dyslipidemia treatment was being evaluated Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted among the patients of Chronic Kidney Disease above 18 years of age and diagnosed on the basis of history, detailed clinical examination, and biochemical and sonological examination based upon National Kidney Foundation (NKF) criteria were enrolled into the study. Clearance from hospital ethics committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results:  In the present study out of total study participants of chronic kidney disease 46% were in the 3rd stage of CKD, 38% were in the 4th stage of CKD and 16% were in the 5th stage of CKD. Out of total study participants of chronic kidney disease, 82% were managed by conservative treatment and 18% were being managed by hemodialysis. Out of total study participants of chronic kidney disease, 38% had normal lipid profile while 62% patients had dyslipidemia. We found statistically significant (p value < 0.05) association between dyslipidemia and hemodialysis and association between dyslipidemia and stages of chronic kidney disease was statistically non- significant (p value > 0.05). Conclusion:  We concluded from the present study that dyslipidemia is significantly associated as an additional risk factor in patients of Chronic Kidney Disease. We found significant association of hemodialysis with abnormal lipid profile. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, hemodialysis.

Factors Influencing a Persons Reaction to Informed Consent

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Gertson ◽  
J. Regis McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined how social and physical demand characteristics influenced the willingness of 128 volunteer undergraduates to participate in a drug experiment. Subjects read an informed consent form about an experiment and then received different amounts of supplemental information about the study presented orally by a physician-confederate in a medical school setting. After making an initial decision about participation in the study, participants were tested for their comprehension about the experiment. All subjects who indicated an interest in the project were asked to attend a second meeting in the Psychology Department when they were asked if they wished to change their original decisions. Because high trust was placed in the physician-confederate, there were no differences, no effect for the differing oral presentations was found. However, a significant number of subjects changed their decisions to participate at the second session. The relationship of these and other findings to clinical research and practice were discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document