Qualitative Properties of the Fruits of Blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum L. Genotypes in Conventional and Organic Cultivation

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of genotype and growing conditions on blackcurrant fruit weight and biochemical composition. The trial was carried out during the years 2011 and 2012 in South Estonia with two cultivation methods (conventional and organic) and eight genotypes of different genetic background, including two Scottish, ‘Ben Alder’ and ‘Ben Lomond’; two Swedish ‘Intercontinental’ and ‘Titania’; a Belarusian ‘Pamyati Vavilova’, and three recently selected genotypes from the Estonian blackcurrant breeding programme, ‘Karri’, ‘Asker’, and ‘Mairi’. From each genotype and in both cultivation sites 500 g of fruit at full maturity was collected in three replications. Fruit weight, soluble solids (SS), sugars, organic acids, sugar/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid (AsA) concentrations were determined. Fruits from the organic cultivation site were smaller and contained more SS and sugars, they also had a higher sugar/acid ratio than conventionally grown berries. Organic acids and AsA concentrations were higher in berries from conventional cultivation systems compared to the organic ones. ’Karri’ had the highest SS and sugar concentrations and sugar/acid ratio and the lowest concentration of acids on average over the years and cultivation methods. The highest AsA concentration was determined in ‘Asker’ and ‘Ben Lomond’.

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Fruit Physiology and Sugar-Acid Profile of 24 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Region of China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2393

Author(s):

Tengfei Pan ◽

Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽

Jiangmei Gong ◽

Wenqin She ◽

Dongming Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Malic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Subtropical Region ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Aconitic Acid

In the present study, the fruit physiology and sugar-acid ratio of 24 pomelo cultivars grown in ten different locations of the subtropical region of China were measured. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were quantified using high-performance (HPLC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), respectively. The results revealed that the physiological and basic quality attributes of 24 pomelo cultivars, including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, peel thickness, number of segments, pulp weight, pulp color, soluble solids, and Vitamin C, ranged between 264.63–1945.85 g, 8.60–19.56 g, 7.40–20.70 g, 0.46–3.33 mm, 11–18.66, 210.25–1351.66 g, 8.59–15.14 Brix°, and 34.79–84.58 mg/100 g, respectively. Soluble sugars, i.e., fructose, glucose, and sucrose, ranged between 16.25–24.25, 16.17–24.22, and 19.90–55.28 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, Organic acids, i.e., pyruvate, fumaric acids, succinic acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cis-aconitic acid, in 24 pomelo cultivars ranged between 0.48–1.84, 0.02–0.45, 0–0.05, 0.01–0.1, 0–0.14, 3.01–11.85, 0.18–1.42, and 0.01–0.16 mg/g, respectively. The pomelo cultivars ‘Hongzuanmi’, ‘Minihong’, and ‘Hangwanmi’ exhibited maximum contents of citric acid and pyruvate and showed ultimately excessive organic acids. Overall, the ‘Guanximi’ and its budding cultivars, i.e., ‘Hongroumi’, ‘Huangjinmi’, and ‘Sanhongmi’, had the best quality fruits having maximum sugar-acid ratio. Correlation analysis showed that total soluble sugars had a significantly positive correlation with sucrose contents, while citric acids, malic acid, and pyruvate were positively correlated with total organic acids. The determined sugar-acid profile of pomelo cultivars provides the basis for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating sugars and acids biosynthesis in pomelo.

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Morphological characterization of the red dragon fruit - Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt – under growing conditions in the municipality of San Jerónimo (Antioquia, Colombia)

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.77735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 9019-9027

Author(s):

Jorge Andres Betancur G. ◽

Sandra Bibiana Muriel R. ◽

Elena Paola Gonzalez J.

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Valle Del Cauca ◽

Growing Conditions

The red dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus is a native fruit from the Americas. Its growing appeal in the international market as an exotic fruit highlights the relevance of the crop for the local economies. In Colombia, the high diversity within the genus and species makes it difficult to have reliable materials for propagation as cultivars. This agronomic challenge requires more studies of the distribution and real diversity within the genus Selenicereus sp. Due to the information aforementioned, the fruit is harvested in small localities as an extraction production system. This project aimed to morphologically characterize the working collection of red dragon fruit under growing conditions in the Municipality of San Jerónimo. It contained 30 accessions from the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Valle del Cauca. Twenty-one characters of cladode, flower, and fruit were quantified to assess the diversity, and a restricted cluster analysis was performed to understand the morphological richness of the materials. As a result, it was observed differences in terms of stems, such as distance between areolas and width of cladode. This was also observed in flowers, in which their total length, the width of petals, the presence of trichomes, the color of calyx and petals, and the color of the stigma were different. Also, differences were recorded in the fruit. Characteristics such as weight and color of its skin were assessed, resulting in fruit size medium to small. Regarding other properties, total soluble solids varied between 11.2 to 15.6 °Brix. 55% of the fruits have measurements that fit market requirements. Finally, three accessions match the requirements of weight and °Brix, to be used as possible genotypes by commercial growers; however, studies about agronomic management strategies that favor an increase in fruit weight must be done.

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Partial Defoliation Can Decrease Average Leaf Size but Has Little Effect on Orange Tree Growth, Fruit Yield and Juice Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 2011-2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rongcai Yuan ◽

Fernando Alferez ◽

Igor Kostenyuk ◽

Shila Singh ◽

James P. Syvertsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Juice Quality ◽

Fruit Number ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Orange Trees

The effects of 2 consecutive years of annual defoliation during the harvest season on fruit size, yield, juice quality, leaf size and number were examined in trees of the midseason cultivar `Hamlin' and the late-season cultivar `Valencia' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]. In `Hamlin', removal of up to 50% of the leaves in late November had no effect on fruit yield, fruit number, fruit size, soluble solids yield, juice °Brix, and °Brix to acid ratio of juice the following year. In `Valencia', removal of 50% of the leaves in late March decreased fruit yield and soluble solids yield but did not affect Brix or the Brix to acid ratio of the juice. Leaf size of new flush was reduced by removal of 50% of the leaves in both cultivars but there was little effect on total canopy size. There were no measured effects of removing 25% of leaves from tree canopies. Thus, canopy growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and leaf size were not negatively impacted when annual defoliations did not exceed 25% of the total canopy leaf area in `Valencia' and `Hamlin' orange trees for two consecutive years. Overall, fruit weight increased linearly with increasing ratio of leaf area to fruit number, suggesting that fruit enlargement can be limited by leaf area.

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Use of External Indicators to Predict Maturity of Mini-watermelon Fruit

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.7.1034 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1034-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Edgar L. Vinson ◽

Floyd M. Woods ◽

Joseph M. Kemble ◽

Penelope Perkins-Veazie ◽

Angela Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fit Statistics ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Internal Indicator ◽

Solids Content ◽

Spot Color

Mini-watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] cultivars Valdoria and Vanessa were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, or 50 days after anthesis to determine maturity at harvest. Fruit circumference, weight, ground spot color, and number of senescent tendrils were measured as external indicators for each watermelon. Soluble solids content (SS), pH, and SS:total acid ratio (SS:TA) of each watermelon were determined to provide an indication of internal maturity. Regression and Akaike Information Criterion fit statistics analyses were performed to determine significant relationships and best predictors for external indicators of internal maturity factors. In this study, external predictors were most closely linked to fruit pH rather than to SS or SS/TA. Of the external indicators tested, fruit weight, circumference, number of senescent tendrils, and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) b* color coordinate values of the ground spot were best related to fruit pH. According to the regression models, two completely senesced tendrils, a circumference of 53 cm, weight of 3 kg, and CIE b* coordinate ground spot value of 40 are each sufficient to predict maturity when pH is used as the internal indicator of maturity under the conditions of this experiment.

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The accumulation of sugars and organic acids in blackberry fruit in the conditions of Сentral Russia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213602006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Margarita Makarkina ◽

Lidia Gruner ◽

Oksana Vetrova ◽

Daria Matnasarova

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Central Russia ◽

Biochemical Components ◽

And Control ◽

New Cultivars ◽

Acid Index

The taste characteristics of berries of 26 cultivars, elite and selected forms of blackberries grown in Central Russia are presented: dry matter, monosaccharides, sucrose acid the total amount of sugars. The sugar-acid index has been calculated. The best genotypes have been identified according to the content of dry matter and sugars - Brzezina and Agawam cultivars, elite seedlings LN-4, LN-13, LN-14 and selected seedlings LN-5, LN-7, LN-8, according to the content of organic (titrated) acids and sugar-acid index - Brzezina, Black Satin, Loch Tau, seedlings of Black Satin, Cheyenne, Loch Ness - LN-6, LN-10, EV LN-13 and control cultivar Agawam. A high traits’ conjugation was established: the sugar-acid index and the content of monosaccharides, the total amount of sugars, soluble solids, as well as a high inverse dependency between the content of organic acids and the sugar-acid index. Low unreliable correlation coefficients (r = - 0.28 … + 0.13) were obtained, indicating the absence of links between the fruit weight and the content of biochemical components responsible for the taste characteristics of genotypes, which is a positive fact when creating new cultivars with high taste and a significant weight of fruits, indicating their independent inheritance.

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Effect of Weed-Free Strip Width on Newly Established ‘Navaho' Blackberry Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-13-00028.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 426-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stephen L. Meyers ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Wayne E. Mitchem

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Strip Width ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Research Station ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Solids Content

Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Sandhills Research Station near Jackson Springs, NC to determine the influence of weed-free strip width (WFSW) on newly planted ‘Navaho' blackberry plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Treatments consisted of 0-, 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, 1.8-, and 2.4-m WFSW. Predicted blackberry yield increased from 718 to 1,015 kg ha−1at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. The currently recommended WFSW of 1.2 m resulted in a blackberry yield of 1,013 kg ha−1. Predicted individual blackberry fruit weight displayed a positive linear response to WFSW and increased from 3.1 to 3.6 g fruit−1at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. Soluble solids content (SSC) of dull black blackberry fruit was greatest (15.1 Brix) when WFSW was 0 m. Relative to a WFSW of 0 m, SSC was reduced 2.3 to 3.4% as WFSW increased from 0.3 to 2.4 m, respectively. WFSW did not influence shiny black blackberry fruit SSC, nor titratable acidity, sugar-to-acid ratio, or pH of shiny or dull black blackberry fruit or primocane number, length, and stem caliper.

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Influence of plum rootstocks on agronomic performance, leaf mineral nutrition and fruit quality of ‘Catherina’ peach cultivar in heavy-calcareous soil conditions

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2017151-9950 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e0901 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lucía Mestre ◽

Gemma Reig ◽

Jesús A. Betrán ◽

María-Ángeles Moreno

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Ebro Valley ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Solids Content

The agronomic performance and leaf mineral nutrition of the non-melting clingstone peach cv. ‘Catherina’ was evaluated on seven hexaploid plum rootstocks, as well as one Prunus persica seedling. They were assessed over a period of 15 years in a field trial at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC (Zaragoza, Spain), located in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Growing conditions generated varying levels of tree mortality, the highest with Constantí 1, Monpol and Montizo, whereas all Adesoto, GF 655/2 and PM 105 AD trees survived well. GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD proved to be the most dwarfing rootstocks, while Constantí 1 and Monpol were the most invigorating and generated greater cumulative yields. However, the highest yield efficiency was recorded on GF 655/2 and Montizo, although they did not differ significantly from Adesoto and P. Soto 67 AD. The highest average values for fruit weight were observed on PM 105 AD and the lowest on GF 655/2, but they did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks. The highest average values for the soluble solids content was observed on the Pollizo rootstocks Adesoto and PM 105 AD, followed by P. Soto 67 AD. All rootstocks induced N deficiency, with the exception of Constantí 1, GF 655/2 and Montizo, and iron deficiency, except PM 105 AD. The invigorating rootstock Constantí 1 seems to induce higher SPAD values. According to the ΣDOP index, Montizo presented the most suitable balanced nutritional index, but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks except GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD.

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Contribution of Root Anatomical Characteristics in Fruit Profile of Pomegranate Genotypes to Expand Production Area in Pakistan

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 810

Author(s):

Tahir Ali ◽

Muhammad Nafees ◽

Ambreen Maqsood ◽

Summar Abbas Naqvi ◽

Umbreen Shahzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Improvement ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Arid Climate ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Production Area ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Semi Arid

Pomegranate adaptation to abiotic stress conditions has led to its wide dispersion in Pakistan and to the appearance of new, local genotypes. These genotypes are important to characterize for breeding programs aimed towards the production of new cultivars suitable to arid, semi-arid, and moderate weather regions. In this study, eleven pomegranate accessions were investigated for fruit morphological and biochemical traits, and root anatomic adaptation under diverse climates. The commercial accession (Sava) had the maximum fruit weight (373.97 g) compared to accessions KK-I (60.94 g) and KK-II (71.63 g), which were old plantations established since United India. Most of the accessions were juicy with a wood portion index (WPI) ranging from 0.93 to 1.06%; however, the non-commercial accession of Khushab Kanhatti (KK-I) showed the highest WPI (4.38%). A high variation occurred among all accessions for total soluble solids, total sugars, and total ascorbic acid contents with a maximum in accession Sava (16.46 °Brix), TK-II (53.16%), and QW-I (0.68%), respectively. Root anatomical studies in accessions depicted significantly high variation, and accession Sava of semi-arid climate produced maximum root epidermis (97.43 µm2), phloem (2730.78 µm2), and metaxylem (717.77 µm2) area. In contrast, high cortex thickness (104.74 µm), cortex area (462.74 µm2), and vascular area (114,382.10 µm2) was measured in accessions KK-II and KK-III of Khushab district with an arid climate. The germplasm of diverse regions showed a strong association and clustered into two main classes based on fruit morpho-chemical and root anatomical characteristics. These traits are likely to provide clues towards plants adaptation to various growing conditions and can be exploited successfully in crop improvement programs.

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Newly introduced strawberry genotypes for Nordic Baltic conditions

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/52/2016-hortsci ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 141-147

Author(s):

Ave Kikas ◽

Liina Arus ◽

Hedi Kaldmäe ◽

Asta-Virve Libek

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Research Centre ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Anthonomus Rubi ◽

Standard Cultivar ◽

Horticultural Research

Eight recently introduced strawberry genotypes ‘Chambly’, ‘Clery’, ‘Darselect’, ‘Delia’, ‘Harmonie’, ‘Matis’, ‘Sallybright’, ‘Salsa’ and ‘Senga Sengana’ (standard cultivar) were evaluated at the Polli Horticultural Research Centre of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Phenology, winter hardiness, strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi) injury, yield, fruit weight, soluble solids, sugar, acid and ascorbic acid content of the fruit were determined. Genotypes more suited to the Estonian climate conditions are the winter hardy, late-yielding cultivars ‘Salsa’ and ‘Harmonie’. ‘Salsa’ has a good, high quality yield with large attractive fruit. The fruit of ‘Harmonie’ contains much ascorbic acid, but the sugar-acid ratio is less balanced. Early genotypes ‘Chambly’, ‘Clery’, ‘Darselect’, ‘Delia’, ‘Sallybright’ and the late genotype ’Matis’ have a lower yield than the standard cultivar ‘Senga Sengana’.

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Physicochemical properties of fruit of chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), highbush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum Marsh.), and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars grown in Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-060 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 425-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. M. Zatylny ◽

W. D. Ziehl ◽

R. G. St-Pierre

Keyword(s):

Fruit Juice ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Prunus Virginiana ◽

Total Solids ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Solids Content

Physicochemical properties of the fruit of chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), highbush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum Marsh.), and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) were assessed from fruit harvested from replicated cultivar trials at Saskatoon, SK, and at Yorkton, SK, in 1999 and 2000. Fruit weight, total solids, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, percent pit, estimated percent flesh, and Hunterlab colour characteristics were measured. Fruit of the chokecherry cultivars ranged in their 10-fruit weights from 6.6 to 9.2 g, percent pit from 9.4 to 16.0%, estimated percent flesh from 17.2 to 23.7%, and pH from 3.86 to 4.25. Mean total solids and soluble solids contents were 35.2% and 18.3°Brix, respectively, and did not differ among the cultivars. Hue angle, chroma and L values of chokecherry fruit juice extracts ranged from 34.6 to 88.2°, 15.3 to 23.9, and 23.3 to 51.1, respectively. Fruit of the highbush cranberry cultivars ranged in their 10-fruit weights from 4.1 to 7.3 g, percent pit from 4.6 to 9.0%, estimated percent flesh from 10.9 to 14.0%, soluble solids content from 10.2 to 13.3°Brix, and pH from 2.89 to 3.13. The hue angle and L values of the fruit juice extracts of the highbush cranberry cultivars ranged from 16.0 to 18.2°, and from 15.5 to 21.3, respectively. Mean total solids content and L values were 18.9% and 18.0, respectively; both measurements did not differ significantly among the cultivars. Fruit of the black currant cultivars differed only in their 10-fruit weight, pH and titratable acidity which ranged from 7.5 to 12.8 g, 2.85 to 3.04, and 3.04 to 4.03%, respectively. Mean total solids and soluble solids contents of black currant fruit were 22.3% and 15.8°Brix, respectively. Black currant fruit juice extracts had a mean hue angle, chroma and L values of 13.2°, 12.6 and 9.8, respectively. Key words: Chokecherry, Prunus virginiana, highbush cranberry, Viburnum trilobum, black currant, Ribes nigrum, native fruit

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