scholarly journals Cooperation and Mutual Relationships of Cities and their Hinterlands with Regard to the Operation of EU Integrated Development Instruments

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Binek ◽  
Zdeněk Opravil ◽  
Roman Chmelař ◽  
Hana Svobodova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Integrated Strategies ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This paper deals with the institutional and factual readiness of cities and villages in the Czech Republic to use Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI). On the basis of a questionnaire survey carried out in May 2014 among representatives of 69 municipalities around the core cities of Brno, Jihlava, Olomouc and Hradec Králové - Pardubice as well as a comparison of several model agglomerations, it identifies the main problems and proposes solutions to them. The main theme of this paper is to evaluate the formation of partnerships of municipalities and the process of creating integrated strategies for metropolitan areas. The paper also deals with the relationships and functional links between cities and villages and their hinterland, the common development issues and the existing structures of cooperation and communication. In the conclusion possible recommendations are given to improve the ITI functioning in the Czech Republic on the basis of both, the assessment of the situation in the Republic itself and the reflection on developments in other EU countries.

scholarly journals The contemporary cartographic presentation of geographical names of objects lying on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Maciej Zych
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
National Register ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Common Boundary ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Single Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mountain Basins ◽  
Own Name

Abstract The aim of this paper is the analysis of the names used on cartographic publications in Poland and the Czech Republic for transboundary geographical objects lying on the common boundary. After the analysis of the Czech and Polish topographic maps that are available on the national geoportals, maps of the divisions into natural regions, and toponymic databases (Polish the National Register of Geographical Names, and Czech Geonames – the Database of geographic names of the Czech Republic) it was established that 360 named geographic objects lie on this boundary. This number includes: 123 hydronyms (names of rivers and other streams), 224 oronyms (139 names of summits, 22 names of mountain passes, 35 names of mountain ranges and ridges, 15 names of highlands, plateaus and uplands, 7 names of mountain basins, valleys and depressions, 3 names of lowlands, and 3 names of rocks), 9 names of forests, 1 name of mountain meadow (alp), and 3 names of tracks. 212 of these objects (59%) have names in both languages – Polish and Czech, however, in 99 cases (47% of objects that have name in both Polish and Czech languages) the Polish and Czech toponyms entirely do not correspond to each other. From the remaining objects 67 (18%) have only the Czech name, and 81 (23%) only the Polish name. In some natural regions, the limits of their ranges set by the Czech and Polish geographers vary widely, for example a single region on one side of the boundary corresponds to two or more regions on other side of the boundary. In other cases illustrations of incorrectness are more sophisticated, like the river that has different course according to the Czech or Polish maps (stream regarded as a main watercourse in one country, which has its own name, in another country is considered as a tributary one with a different name). In the summary, it should be stated that in the large part of the Polish and Czech names of the geographical objects lying on the common boundary were drawn regardless of the names used in the neighboring country.

scholarly journals Foreign direct investments in Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Pavla Žížalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Communist Countries

Foreign direct investments (FDI) are an often discussed phenomenon which is considered to play a key role in the process of transformation and restructuralization in the post-communist countries. This paper examines its regional distribution and challenges rather uncritical views on this phenomenon. FDI are distributed geographically very unevenly as almost three fifths of total FDI inflows into the Czech Republic have been located in Prague and almost four fifths in the metropolitan areas. Thus, FDI are one of the factors, which intensify uneven development and contribute to regional disparities.

Role of three bird species in the life cycle of two Sarcocystis species (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Máca ◽  
David González
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Milvus Milvus

Abstract BackgroundBirds are one of the groups involved in the development of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, serving either as intermediate or definitive hosts. The white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758), red kite Milvus milvus (Linnaeus, 1758) (both Accipitriformes) and common starlings Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) were examined to elucidate their participation in the development of Sarcocystis, as well as to determine the specific identity of the parasites based on morphological and especially molecular analyses.MethodsIn 2020–2021, one white-tailed eagle, one red kite and five common starlings were parasitologically examined for the presence of Sarcocystis using flotation centrifugation coprological method and by wet mounts of intestinal mucosa scrapings and/or muscle samples. Positive samples were processed by light microscopy, histologically and followed molecularly at four genetic markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1).ResultsThe white-tailed eagle harboured oocysts/sporocysts of S. arctica Gjerde et Schulze, 2014 in the intestinal mucosa, while the intestinal mucosa of the red kite and breasts and leg muscles of one common starling were positive to S. halieti Gjerde, Vikøren et Hamnes, 2018. Sequences from eagle shared 99.6 − 100% identity with each other and S. arctica in the red fox (V. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) from the Czech Republic. Sequences from the common starling and red kite shared 100% identity with each other and with S. halieti in the great cormorant (P. carbo [Linnaeus, 1758]) from Lithuania and H. albicilla from Norway.ConclusionsThe white-tailed sea eagle (H. albicilla) acts as natural definitive host of S. arctica, whereas the common starling (St. vulgaris) and red kite (M. milvus) represent intermediate and definitive hosts, respectively, for S. halieti.

scholarly journals Comparison of agricultural subsidies in the Czech Republic and in the selected states of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
R. Zdeněk ◽  
J. Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

The Common Agricultural Policy has been implemented in order to guarantee the appropriate life quality for farmers and to preserve the European heritage. Costs of its realization amounted to 40% of the EU budget. The EU has not established the same conditions for all member states. The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of agricultural subsidies and the structure of production on the incomes of agricultural holdings and their comparison with the largest producers in the EU with similar production structure. The shift-share analysis is used. Different amount of subsidies according to the type of farming together with increasing subsidy rate may influence the type of farming. Therefore, it may cause a paradox that the structure of subsidies according to the type of farming will stimulate products that are currently suppressed. The difference in subsidies in comparison with the largest producers with a similar structure of agricultural production is significant for the Czech Republic and it is possible to compare it to the increase of the SAPS by 75%.

Development of Commercial Law in the Slovak Republic - Outline of problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Mojmír Mamojka ◽  
Jacek Dworzecki
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article concerns the issue of trade law in the context of its evolution and the current realities of its being in force in Republic of Slovakia. In the paper the authors present an historical view of the creation of legal regulations about trade from ancient times to present days. In the first part of the paper the political system and its components are discussed. The reader will be able to acquaint themselves with the functioning of the apparatus of executive power (the government and ministries), legislative power (the parliament consisting of 150 members) and judiciary (independent courts and prosecutors) in the Republic of Slovakia. Moreover, this part of the article provides information about practical aspects of the creation of selected components of the constitutional legal order (e.g. parliamentary elections). In the second part, the paper covers the evolution of trade law over the centuries, approaches to regulations in Mesopotamia, based on, inter alia, the Code of Hammurabi, and also in ancient Egypt and Greece. Tracing the development of trade law over the centuries, the authors also present the evolution of legal regulations in this field in the XIX century, with particular reference to France, Germany and Austria-Hungary (especially the territory which today forms the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). In the last part of the article, the forming of regulations of trade law in Czechoslovakia from 1918 and during subsequent periods which created the history of that country, to the overthrow communism and the peaceful division of the state in 1993 into two separate, independent state organisms – the Czech Republic and Slovakia - is approached.

scholarly journals Analysis of distribution impact of subsidies within the Common Agricultural Policy on field production businesses in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Trnková ◽  
Z. Malá
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Result ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Production

The article deals with the analysis of inequality in the distribution of the economic result in businesses engaging in field production in the Czech Republic, by way of the assessment of the impact of subsidies on the said inequality and by defining the effect of the size of the business on the economic result as well as inequality. The methodical tool is the quantification of the Gini coefficient and its elasticity. The data basis consists of panel data of 140 agricultural businesses focusing on field production for the period of the years 2005–2010.The main results of the submitted article substantiate a high inequality in the distribution of the economic result for the accounting period among field production businesses. The said inequality is not generally caused by the differing size of the analyzed businesses, and the associated volume of subsidies obtained, but is affected by other factors, such as the management quality, the investment activity of the business, or exceptional events. Subsidies do contribute to the more equal distribution of the economic result, but their impact is very small. Out of the individual categories of subsidies, the ones with the main redistribution effect are direct payments, as a result of the high proportion of total subsidies that they comprise.

scholarly journals Early Silurian (Llandovery) graptolites from central Saudi Arabia: First documented record of Telychian faunas from the Arabian Peninsula

GeoArabia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalasiewicz Jan ◽  
Williams Mark ◽  
Miller Merrell ◽  
Page Alex ◽  
Blackett Edward
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Graptolites from three shallow core holes penetrating lower Silurian strata in central Saudi Arabia identify rocks of mid Aeronian and early Telychian age. The graptolites comprise Campograptus undulatus?, C. lobiferus?, Lituigraptus convolutus, Metaclimacograptus bohemicus, Neolagarograptus rickardsi, Normalograptus? aff. scalaris, cf. Paradiversograptuscapillaris,Petalolithusminor,P.praecursor,P.ovatoelongatus?, Pristiograptus regularis sl, Pseudorthograptus insectiformis, Pseudoretiolites perlatus? and Torquigraptus? decipiens, which identify the mid Aeronian convolutus Biozone, and Monograptus bjerreskovae, Monograptus ex gr. marri, Paradiversograptus runcinatus?, Petalolithus cf. altissimus, Pristiograptus renaudi, Stimulograptus becki and S. halli?, which indicate the early Telychian guerichi Biozone. The graptolite faunas are generally of low diversity, with most levels yielding between one and three species, occasionally rising to as many as seven species. The palaeogeography of the depositional basin, coupled with the low diversity and the abundance of Pristiograptus and Normalograptus species, suggests a marine-shelf setting. This is also indicated by the common occurrence of benthic shelly fossils, including articulated bivalves and gastropods. In general, the graptolite faunas are of much lower diversity than contemporaneous marine assemblages from the British Isles or the Czech Republic, and probably represent a graptolite biotope of “cratonic invaders.” Graptolites are very well preserved, displaying detail of fusellar banding (growth increments) and perhaps ultrastructure.

scholarly journals „Cesta za svobodou“ v zrcadle mediální reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Renata Rusin Dybalska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

<p>The goal of this paper is to present the media image of campaign “Hello Czech Republic”, organized in the Czech Republic in 2016 by the Meta association. Its task was to adapt to the Czech conditions Swedish teaching materials on refugees, national identity, stereotypes or migration, which would help in the work of Czech teachers. They consisted of a manual for teachers with suggestions of thirteen lessons, film Šádí, presenting the story of a small Kurdish girl, and comic book Jednou se zase setkáme, Sanam. Příběh o cestě za svobodou, telling the story of Hamid, who was forced to escape from Afghanistan to Sweden. The comic book, which was presented in the article in more detail, became the main subject of media reports. However, the recipient is not able to find out about it too much because it has become only a pretext for presenting the content more favorable from the point of view of the media. Therefore, the main theme in most of the media information has become one of the tasks, telling of a fictional nuclear accident in the Czech Republic, which effectively raised a wave of criticism directed at the campaign, not only from the media, but also the most important politicians in the Czech Republic. Selective and distorted image, created by media, was thus subordinated to current events in the country and used in the political struggle.</p>

scholarly journals Introducing Important Changes Concerning the Avoidance of Double Taxation Between Czech Republic and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Adam Świerczek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Permanent Establishment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract On January 1, 2013 a new treaty between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland dealing with avoidance of double taxation as well as prevention of tax evasion in the field of income tax has come into effect. The treaty newly introduced the taxation of income of the permanent establishment, changes in rates of dividend taxes, interest rates and royalties, and, last but not least, what has been altered is even the definition of royalties. Furthermore, the treaty also brings a new adaptation of the profits of associated enterprises. Approval of the clause regarding exchange of information as well as cancellation of the tax-sparing clause is a novelty. This article is dealing with the description of the changes and novelties and the indication of the potential importance.

Dopady společné zemědělské politiky EU na české zemědělce v období 2014–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Stromská ◽  
Dominika Tóthová ◽  
Katarína Melichová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU in the Czech Republic brought many changes in the functioning and financing of agriculture in the Czech Republic with political, economic, and social impacts and many challenges and threats for Czech farmers. Since the Czech Republic acceded to the EU, the Common Agricultural Policy has been reformed several times. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on Czech farmers in 2014–2020. The evaluation is based on a qualitative survey among selected farmers in the Moravian-Silesian and Olomouc regions. The research results show that enterprises positively evaluate financial stability and the overall protection of the agricultural sector. Support for the diversification of agriculture and support for the investment was also highlighted. On the contrary, the administrative burden, great emphasis on cross compliance rules, differences in the payments in EU countries, reducing the competitiveness of Czech agriculture and unfavourable conditions for livestock farmers were assessed negatively.

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