scholarly journals Opening Clauses in Collective Bargaining Agreements: More Flexibility to Save Jobs?

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Brändle ◽  
Wolf Dieter Heinbach
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Flows ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Iab Establishment Panel ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of opening clauses in German collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) on job flows. Opening clauses should provide firms with more flexibility in economic crises. Therefore, firms operating under a CBA with opening clauses are expected to have lower job turnover, in particular lower job destruction under bad business conditions, and - if job creation is not adversely affected - higher job growth. We analyse this question empirically using data from the IAB Establishment Panel, a large and representative data set on German establishments. We supplement the data with additional information on the existence of opening clauses in CBAs in the West German manufacturing sector (using the IAW Data Set on Opening Clauses). By means of a matching approach, we address selection problems in flexible CBAs and reveal that the existence of opening clauses has a positive, albeit not always significant, effect on job growth. In contrast, there are no significant effects on job destruction and job creation per se, and, based on information given in the IAB Establishment Panel itself, explicit knowledge of opening clauses or their application have no additional effect on job flows.

scholarly journals What Determines Innovation in the Manufacturing Sector? Evidence from Pakistan.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamna Ahmed ◽  
Mahreen Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Study ◽  
Innovation And Invention ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Firms

This study analysed the behaviour of a sample of manufacturing firms in Pakistan in order to understand what determines innovative activity employing a panel data set for the years 2002 and 2006-07. Probit estimation results reveal that size of the firm and human resource quality are important internal factors that increase the likelihood of a firm innovating. Interestingly, whether a firm is exporting or not has no bearing. However, post innovating there is a large increase in number of firms who export. Externally, presence in a geographic cluster is important though further analysis reveals that the impact varies according to firm size. Size per se does not increase likelihood of innovating for medium sized firm who only have an advantage over small sized firms when present in a cluster. Large firms on the other hand continue to have an advantage and the advantage further increases with presence in a cluster. Finally, analysis by product and process innovators reveals that the characteristics of firms undertaking the two types of innovative activity are similar. The only noteworthy difference being that process innovation does not benefit from presence of a firm in a cluster which might be attributable to the more visible nature of product innovation which benefits from technological spillovers that are a characteristic of presence in a cluster. JEL classifications: O14, O31, O33, L6 Keywords: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentive, Developing Countries, Industry Study

Forecasting the Impact of Automation on Jobs

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Cynthia Estlund
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Advanced Education ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Minority View ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 2 digs more deeply into the outlook for job destruction and job creation, and adds some theory and data to Chapter 1’s anecdotes about how machines can replace human workers. It reports an emerging consensus among leading scholars that automation is already contributing to the polarization, or hollowing out, of the labor market by destroying more middle-skill jobs than it is creating. And it reports on the more concerning prediction—still a minority view though more than plausible—that machines are destined to produce overall net job losses as they continually whittle away at humans’ comparative advantages. The chapter arrives at a working premise for the rest of the book that straddles those two forecasts: We are facing a future of less work—at least less work for those with ordinary human skills and without advanced education, and perhaps less work overall. While that straddle might seem untenable, either forecast is similarly bleak for most workers—if we do not respond constructively; and when it comes to the shape of a constructive response, both forecasts point largely in the same direction.

Local spillovers from high-growth businesses: do gazelles cannibalize or promote employment growth?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crown ◽  
Timothy Wojan ◽  
Anil Rupasingha
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article estimates the employment spillover effect of high-growth businesses on establishment-level employment growth. We assess whether the impact depends on the rurality of the region, and whether nearby establishments are high-growth businesses themselves. We also estimate the within-industry impact of high-growth establishments (HGEs). The findings show no impact of HGEs on net employment growth, due to equal gross job creation and job destruction on average. However, we find that within the same industry, HGEs contribute to positive net employment growth, with large and nearly equal impacts on existing HGEs across both Metropolitan Statistical Areas regions and non-metro counties.

Typisierung der Tarifvertragslandschaft / Identifying Types of Flexible Bargaining Agreements Using Cluster Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Dieter Heinbach ◽  
Stefanie Schröpfer
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

SummaryThe introduction of opening clauses in collective wage agreements allowing firms to deviate from their collective bargaining agreements has become widely accepted for the last fifteen years. With respect to the flexibility agreed through collective bargaining, the distinctions between single collective bargaining areas of the same industry have increased. Hence, the economic idea of uniform industry-wide central collective bargaining agreements is no longer tenable. The data set of the IAW used in this article provides differentiated information about opening clauses in collective wage agreements. By means of correspondence and cluster analysis, seven groups of collective bargaining areas are identified, which differ in the type of opening clauses introduced. Over the period from 1991 until 2004, the examination of dynamic aspects of these seven groups exhibits typical paths of development towards an improved flexibility agreed through collective bargaining. Furthermore, the conjunction of the data set with the German Structure of Earnings Survey of the years 1995 and 2001 makes it possible to show the relevance of the different types of single collective bargaining areas for employment and industries of the German manufacturing sector.

Индустријализација и раст бруто друштвеног производа // The Industrialization and Growth of Gross Domestic Product

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Брано Маркић ◽  
Сања Бијакшић ◽  
Арнела Беванда
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Резиме: Рад је истраживање и емпиријска верификација закона Ницхолас Калдора о утицају индустријске производње на раст бруто друштвеног производа. Калдор је формулисао принципе економског раста у облику три закона који настоје утврдити кључне узроке економског раста. Први његов закон тврди да је стопа раста привреде позитивно корелирана са стопом раста њезина производног сектора. Индустрија као најважнија снага развоја привреде се поодавно анализира у литератури о привредном развоју: Hirschman (1961), Rosenstein-Rodan (1943), Th irnjall (2013), Cornnjall (1977). Циљ рада је емпиријски провјерити Калдоров приступ расту и развоју у Федерацији Босне и Херцеговине. Стога је обликован посебан скуп података кога чине дводимензионалне табеле и временске серије. Регресијском анализом је квантификована повезаност између стопа раста бруто друштвеног производа и стопе раста индустријске производње.Summary: The paper the industrialization and the growth of gross domestic product is a research and empirical verification of Nicholas Kaldor laws on the impact of industrial production to GDP growth. Kaldor has formulated the principles of economic growth in the form of three laws that tend to identify key causes of economic growth. His first law asserts that the rate of economic growth is positively correlated with the rate of growth of its manufacturing sector. Industry as the most important force of economic development is widely analyzed in the literature on economic development (Hirschman (1961), Rosenstein-Rodan (1943), Thirwall (2013), Cornwall (1977)). The aim is to empirically test the Kaldor’s approach to growth and development in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is therefore designed a special data set consisting of two-dimensional tables and time series. Using regression analysis was quantified the relationship between the growth rate of gross domestic product and the growth of industrial production. 

scholarly journals Job Creation and Job Destruction in Great Britain in the 1980s

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Blanchflower ◽  
Simon M. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Private Service ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys of 1980, 1984, and 1990, the authors investigate processes of job creation and job destruction in Britain. They find that rates of employment growth, job creation, and job destruction were higher at the end of the 1980s than at the beginning. Both job creation and job destruction were extremely concentrated: about 50% of each was accounted for by just 4% of continuing establishments. Employment growth was apparently more variable in manufacturing plants than in private service sector workplaces. Some variables negatively related to employment growth were unionization, establishment size, establishment age, and location in the private manufacturing sector (versus private service sector).

scholarly journals The Audit Quality and Audit Delay: Evidence from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
T. Husain ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Intan Saputra Rini
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: This study specifically aims to identify the impact of Audit Quality on Audit Delay. Audit Quality is measured by the proxy log natural fee audit (LNFE). Methods: This is a causal research with quantitative analysis. This study involves six companies listed in the sub-sectors of Cable under the manufacturing sector in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2013-2019. It applied panel data set in a regression model using STATA MP - Parallel Edition Ver14.00 application. Results: The findings show that the Audit quality has a significant negative impact on the Audit Delay with an average delay of 83.62 days. Implications: This study could be extended further by considering all manufacturing firms of IDX which may provide more insight into the audit quality with other proxies.

scholarly journals The impact of investments in permanent assets on the increase in the number of employees and their salaries by entrepreneurial sectors

Revizor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (95-96) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Jozefina Beke-Trivunac ◽  
Drinka Peković
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Communication Sector ◽  
The Impact

This work aimed to identify the impact of investments in permanent assets on the number of employees by sector and its impact on employee salaries. We draw the data from the Financial Statements Annual Bulletin published by the Serbian Business Registers Agency, representing aggregated data of all enterprises in Serbia and their analysis by sectors. The data set spans the period from 2013 to 2020. The results show a high positive correlation between investment in permanent assets and the number of employees in the manufacturing sector and information and communication sector, and a negative one in the agricultural industry. We did not find a significant correlation between investments in permanent assets and the number of employees with their salaries.

Growth and job creation at the firm level: Swedish SME data

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Job Creation ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between firm sales growth and employment level as a proxy for job creation among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were empirically examined by performing several univariate and multivariate regressions to investigate a large panel data set of 13,548 Swedish SMEs in four industry sectors in the four-year period from 2009 to 2012. Findings The results indicate that growth, in terms of sales, as a competitive advantage is positively related to the number of employees hired by the sampled firms. In addition, the size and age variables are also positively associated with the number of employees hired. The results support the suitability of implementing the resource-based view to explain job creation by SMEs. Originality/value While previous studies have mostly ignored the impact of these firm-level variables on job creation, the current study highlights the effect of firm-specific characteristics such as sales growth, size, age and industry. The authors use a combination of models to analyse a large cross-sectoral data set regarding the association, in SMEs, between the firms’ sales growth and job creation.

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