scholarly journals CXCL13 levels are more increased in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with acute infectious than in non-infectious diseases of the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brîndușa Țilea ◽  
Septimiu Voidăzan ◽  
Rodica Bălașa ◽  
Adina Huțanu ◽  
Andrea Fodor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Elisa Technique

Abstract Background: During the acute inflammatory process, the CXCL13 chemokine plays an important role in B cell recruitment within the central nervous system (CNS). Objective: The objective of the study consisted of the evaluation of CXCL13 chemokine cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels in patients with acute infectious and non-infectious neurological diseases correlated with pleocytosis and CSF protein levels. Material and method: This retrospective study was conducted over one year and included 72 patients. Thirty-eight patients (52.8%) suffering from infectious neurological disease, acute viral and bacterial meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and 34 patients (44.2%) diagnosed with non-infectious neurological diseases. CXCL13 chemokine CSF and plasma levels were determined through the ELISA technique with the Human CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1 kit. CSF cell count, glucose and protein levels, along with anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were monitored using the ELISA technique. Results: CXCL13 chemokine levels in the CSF of patients with acute infectious neurological diseases showed a median value of 23.07 pg/mL, which was significantly higher in comparison with the median value of 11.5 pg/mL of patients with noninfectious neurological diseases (p-0.03). CXCL13 median plasma concentration in patients with infectious neurological diseases was 108.1 pg/mL, in comparison with the second patient category, 50.7 pg/ml (p-0.001). We observed a statistically significant association between CXCL13 concentrations, CSF cell count and proteins. The higher the CXCL13 chemokine level, the more increased the cell count was. Conclusions: CXCL13 levels in the CSF was significantly increased in patients with acute infectious neurological diseases compared with patients with non-infectious diseases. Moreover, CXCL13 chemokine concentration was significantly correlated with the number of cells and proteins in the CSF of patients suffering from neuroinfections.

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

scholarly journals Suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system in domestic ruminants

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Daniele M. Bassuino ◽  
Klaus S. Prates ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Gustavo G.M. Snel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Positive Immunostaining

ABSTRACT: This study describes suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in domestic ruminants of southern Brazil. Reports from 3.274 cattle, 596 sheep and 391 goats were reviewed, of which 219 cattle, 21 sheep and 7 goats were diagnosed with central nervous system inflammatory diseases. Suppurative infectious diseases of the CNS corresponded to 54 cases (28 cattle, 19 sheep and 7 goats). The conditions observed consisted of listerial meningoencephalitis (8 sheep, 5 goats and 4 cattle), suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis (14 cattle, 2 goats and 1 sheep), cerebral (6 cattle and 2 sheep), and spinal cord (7 sheep) abscesses, and basilar empyema (4 cattle and 1 sheep). Bacterial culture identified Listeria monocytogenes (9/54 cases), Escherichia coli (7/54 cases), Trueperella pyogenes (6/54 cases) and Proteus mirabilis (1/54 cases). All cases diagnosed as listeriosis through histopathology yielded positive immunostaining on immunohistochemistry, while 12/17 of the cases of suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis presented positive immunostaining for Escherichia coli. Meningoencephalitis by L. monocytogenes was the main neurological disease in sheep and goats, followed by spinal cord abscesses in sheep. In cattle, leptomeningitis and suppurative meningoencephalitis was the most frequent neurological disease for the species, and E. coli was the main cause of these lesions. Basilar empyema, mainly diagnosed in cattle, is related to traumatic injuries, mainly in the nasal cavity, and the main etiologic agent was T. pyogenes.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banglian Hu ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Axonal Spheroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulay Alper
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, commonly preceded by an infection. It principally involves the white matter tracts of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, optic nerves, and spinal cord. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis mainly affects children. Clinically, patients present with multifocal neurologic abnormalities reflecting the widespread involvement in central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid may be normal or may show a mild pleocytosis with or without elevated protein levels. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows multiple demyelinating lesions. The diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis requires both multifocal involvement and encephalopathy by consensus criteria. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis typically has a monophasic course with a favorable prognosis. Multiphasic forms have been reported, resulting in diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing these cases from multiple sclerosis. In addition, many inflammatory disorders may have a similar presentation with frequent occurrence of encephalopathy and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Immune and Infectious Diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 430-470
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young People ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Temporal Profile ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common

Many immune-mediated diseases and infections affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. The common feature that characterizes both immune-mediated diseases and infections is a subacute temporal profile. Immune-mediated disease can affect only the nervous system or involve the nervous system as part of a systemic illness, as in vasculitis and connective tissue disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common disabling neurologic illness of young people, is the prototypical immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS).

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

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