scholarly journals Automated, Quality Assured and High Volume Oriented Production of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) for the Next Generation of Passenger Aircraft Fuselage Shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Ucan ◽  
Joachim Scheller ◽  
Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Dorothea Nieberl ◽  
Thomas Beumler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Production ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Fiber Metal

AbstractThe use of fiber-metal laminates (FML) allows for substantial advantages over a fuselage skin made of monolithic aluminum materials. Glass fiber prepreg reinforced aluminium is characterized by high damage tolerance capabilities, supporting the structural strength capability in case of any kind of damage. For this reason, FML, and GLARE in particular, have been identified as superior materials for aerospace applications. More than 400m2 FML is applied on each A380, as skin panels and as D-noses for both, vertical and horizontal stabilizer. FML possess the potential to become the baseline material for next-generation single-aisle aircrafts [1, 2, 6].The development of a new production chain that will allow automated fuselage production for future short-haul aircrafts is the focus of the studies that make up the joint project AUTOGLARE. As part of the fifth call-up for the German Aeronautical Research Programme (LuFo), the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is working with its project partners Airbus Operations, Premium Aerotech (PAG) and the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG). The development of a production chain for stiffened fuselage panels made of Fiber metal Laminates should support a production rate of 60 aircraft per month [3].This study contains the research work of the DLR and FhG regarding the automated and quality assured process for chain stiffened FML fuselages. In addition to a detailed explanation of the systems that were set up, this paper covers the planned tests, the completed demonstration models and the findings derived from them.

Forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates – A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 981-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Thirukumaran ◽  
I Siva ◽  
JT Winowlin Jappes ◽  
V Manikandan
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Process Combination ◽  
Joining Process ◽  
Quality Production

In aviation industries, most of the stiffened structural components are manufactured by forming and laminating process. Combination of several conventional manufacturing processes is required in modern industries in hybrid laminate production. Fiber metal laminates undergo various joining process during assembly of aero-structures. Among them, forming and drilling are often required during assembly. Understanding the significance of various process parameters enables quality production and assembly of fiber metal laminates structures. Many researchers explored the cause and effect of few parameters and mechanisms which significantly alter the quality of form and drill. This review describes the progress in forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates for aerospace applications. Especially towards the process parameters, defects and their causes along with the preferred solutions recommended by the researcher society in forming and drilling processes. Numerous factors have controlled the quality of forming and drilling processes. Due to the machining parameters, different failure modes will occur in different layup of the laminates. To overcome the failures in machining/forming of fiber metal laminates, choosing the optimum parameter for the selection based procedure is needed to improve quality of fiber metal laminates.

scholarly journals Examination on Mechanical Behavior and Drilling Analysis of Fiber Metal Laminates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 881-885
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Aluminium Sheets

Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) are a class of composites that are recently employed to substitute sole metals in various applications like aerospace applications. In this investigation, a new type of FML was successfully fabricated using compression moulding in which Aluminium and ceramics mat are stacked in the presence of epoxy resin. To improve the bonding by ensuring the flow of resin through the laminates, drilling with various pattern on the Aluminium sheet and ceramic mat were performed before subjected to compression to form FML. Aluminium sheets with Zig-zag pattern performed in a better way due to the improvements in bonding. In addition, drilling operation was done on the FML to ensure the de-lamination resistance and machinability. The drill bit before and after drilling was inspected by using optical microscope to understand the machinability behaviour of the FML.

scholarly journals Failure Prediction in Fiber Metal Laminates for Next Generation Aero Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 012102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jeevan Rao ◽  
Perumalla Janaki Ramulu ◽  
M Vishnu Vardhan ◽  
CH Chandramouli
Keyword(s):  
Failure Prediction ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Fiber Metal

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

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