scholarly journals Experimental research on effect of opening configuration and reinforcement method on buckling and strength analyses of spar web made of composite material

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-203
Author(s):  
Lin Sen ◽  
Li Chenxi ◽  
Hu Ying ◽  
Cong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Buckling Stability ◽  
Reinforcement Efficiency

Abstract This study experimentally investigates the effect of the opening configuration on the buckling stability and bearing performance of a structural beam web used in a commercial aircraft made of composite materials. The buckling and strength analyses on three opening configurations (circular, oblong, and rhombic) were carried out using test samples with identical web surface size. It is found that the rhombic opening has the minimum effect on the buckling stability and strength of the structure. To compensate for the effect of the opening, two reinforcement methods, using reinforcement rib and thickening the sample, were also investigated in this study. It is concluded that thickening the sample can more effectively improve the buckling stability and strength performance of beam web structure and hence has relatively higher structural reinforcement efficiency.

An Approach to Enhancement of Conductivity in Composite Material Using Nanotechnology

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian T. Dang ◽  
Russ Maguire ◽  
Robab Safa-Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potential Integration

This review documents possible developments using Nano technology to enhance electromagnetic effects (EME) and identifies the potential integration on the composite structures for the next generation composite commercial aircraft. First, developments using Nano technology as a source to enhance the EME of the composite will be discussed. These developments include computational modeling of Nano-filled composites to predict certain properties and behaviors of Nano-enhanced materials, test methods for non-destructive examination of Nano-modified materials, and other novel approaches to resolve the challenges of increasing conductivity in composite materials. Next, the details of the potential impacts of using Nano technology for increasing conductivity will be outlined. Finally, the implementation of a Nano-enhanced material on the composite structure will be described.

Thermally Induced Flow Structures in Aircraft Wing Compartments

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Newport ◽  
V. Egan ◽  
M. Aguanno ◽  
V. Lacarac ◽  
B. Estebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Heat Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Induced Flow

The use of composite material in modern commercial aircraft has increased significantly in recent years. The very low conductivity relative to Aluminium of composite materials means that the thermal environment experienced in an aircraft, during flight and on the apron, are significantly altered. The heat transfer mechanism is complex: natural and mixed convection flows established in compartments. This paper presents the thermally induced flow structures under representative conditions for a rectangular cavity representative of wing boxes and horizontal tail planes. The paper highlights the sensitivity to boundary conditions, the effect of structural stiffeners. The results indicate it may be possible to incorporate the effect of stringers and heating from above into existing correlations.

scholarly journals THE MODELING OF STRUCTURAL ENFORCEMENT BY COMPOSITE MATERIALS ON “LIRA-SAPR”

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Maria S. Barabash ◽  
Anatol V. Pikul ◽  
Olga Bashynska
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Physical Nonlinearity ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Problem Formulations

This paper provides detailed suggestions for process of modeling the structural reinforcement by composite materials on the software package "LIRA-SAPR". It provides the implementation of bearing capacity checks for reinforced elements on the program called "ESPRI". The article offers an algorithm for calculation the construction objects in case of the changing of design situation, taking into account the modeling of the composite structure reinforcement. It considers the modeling process of reinforcement of structures using classical methods, such as using of metal casing. In the article you can also find a numerical modeling example of the frame structure reinforcement, with the selection and verification of the composite material. It considered the process of modeling the bearing capacity increasing with using the classical methods, namely the increase of the metal hooping. The article investigates the example of a numerical simulation of the frame bearing capacity increasing with the selection and verification of the composite material. Using the finite element method a mathematical model of the frame structure was constructed. In the frame work it was taken into account the occurrence of the bearing capacity increasing by composite materials in some elements. It compared the kinematic characteristics and effort that have arisen within the frame design model with static analysis, also taking into account physical nonlinearity in the calculation and enhancing certain elements reinforced with composite material. Also in this paper we describe a method of modeling the bearing capacity increasing with using the metal hooping.The calculation of reinforced element is made on the program called ESPRI, followed by an analysis of the overall calculation model work on the software package "LIRA-SAPR". The result of the article is a comparison and analysis of the stress-strain state of the considered computational model for various problem formulations. The results could be used for wider application in the study of methods for increasing the bearing capacity of buildings and structures.

scholarly journals METHODS OF MODELING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES ON «LIRA-SAPR»

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
M. S. Barabash ◽  
I. V. Genzerskyi ◽  
А. V. Pikul А.V. ◽  
О. Yu Bashynska
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Metal Casing

This paper provides detailed suggestions for the process of structural reinforcement modeling by composite materials on the software package «LIRA-SAPR». It also provides the implementation of bearing capacity checks for reinforced elements on the program called «ESPRI». The article offers an algorithm for calculation of  the construction objects in case of design situation changing, considering the modeling of the composite structure reinforcement. It considered the modeling process of reinforcement of structures using classical methods, such as using of metal casing. It also investigated a numerical modeling example of the frame structure reinforcement, with the selection and verification of the composite material.

Transmission electron microscopy of composite materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1012-1015
Author(s):  
K.P.D. Lagerlof
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reinforced Fiber ◽  
Particulate Reinforced Composites ◽  
Definition Of

Although most materials contain more than one phase, and thus are multiphase materials, the definition of composite materials is commonly used to describe those materials containing more than one phase deliberately added to obtain certain desired physical properties. Composite materials are often classified according to their application, i.e. structural composites and electronic composites, but may also be classified according to the type of compounds making up the composite, i.e. metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramie and metal/semiconductor composites. For structural composites it is also common to refer to the type of structural reinforcement; whisker-reinforced, fiber-reinforced, or particulate reinforced composites [1-4].For all types of composite materials, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the observed physical properties, and it is therefore vital to properly characterize the microstructure. The interfaces separating the different phases comprising the composite are of particular interest to understand. In structural composites the interface is often the weakest part, where fracture will nucleate, and in electronic composites structural defects at or near the interface will affect the critical electronic properties.

Study of the Composite Materials Optimal Structure Containing a Hollow Aluminum and Silica Microsphere Dependence on Humidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Atyaksheva ◽  
Yermek Sarsikeyev ◽  
Anastasia Atyaksheva ◽  
Olga Galtseva ◽  
Alexander Rogachev
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Silica Microsphere ◽  
Heat Engineering

Aims:: The main goals of this research are exploration of energy-efficient building materials when replacing natural materials with industrial waste and development of the theory and practice of obtaining light and ultra-light gravel materials based on mineral binders and waste dump ash and slag mixtures of hydraulic removal. Background.: Experimental data on the conditions of formation of gravel materials containing hollow aluminum and silica microsphere with opportunity of receipt of optimum structure and properties depending on humidity with the using of various binders are presented in this article. This article dwells on the scientific study of opportunity physical-mechanical properties of composite materials optimization are considered. Objective.: Composite material contains hollow aluminum and silica microsphere. Method.: The study is based on the application of the method of separation of power and heat engineering functions. The method is based on the use of the factor structure optimality, which takes into account the primary and secondary stress fields of the structural gravel material. This indicates the possibility of obtaining gravel material with the most uniform distribution of nano - and microparticles in the gravel material and the formation of stable matrices with minimization of stress concentrations. Experiments show that the thickness of the cement shell, which performs power functions, is directly related to the size of the raw granules. At the same time, the thickness of the cement crust, regardless of the type of binder, with increasing moisture content has a higher rate of formation for granules of larger diameter. Results.: The conditions for the formation of gravel composite materials containing a hollow aluminosilicate microsphere are studied. The optimal structure and properties of the gravel composite material were obtained. The dependence of the strength function on humidity and the type of binder has been investigated. The optimal size and shape of binary form of gravel material containing a hollow aluminosilicate microsphere with a minimum thickness of a cement shell and a maximum strength function was obtained. Conclusion.: Received structure allows to separate power and heat engineering functions in material and to minimize the content of the excited environment centers.

On corrosion properties of ceramic materials for pump friction pairs in lead – bismuth environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
V. V. Stepanov ◽  
A. D. Kashtanov ◽  
S. U. Shchutsky ◽  
A. N. Agrinsky ◽  
N. I. Simonov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Liquid Coolant ◽  
Radial Bearing ◽  
Axial Pump

We consider the results of studies on the choice of material of the lower radial bearing of the pump, designed to circulate the coolant lead – bismuth. The circulation of the liquid coolant is provided by a vertical axial pump having a “long” shaft. In this design it is necessary to provide for the lower bearing the lubrication carried out with lead – bismuth coolant. Having analyzed the operating conditions of the axial pump, we decided to carry out the lower bearing in accordance with the scheme of a hydrodynamic sliding bearing. The materials of friction pairs in such a bearing must withstand the stresses arising from the operation of the pump, as well as the aggressive conditions of the coolant. Non-metallic materials – ceramics and carbon-based composite materials – were selected basing on the study of literature data for experimental research on the corrosion and heat resistance in the lead-bismuth environment. 

Hierarchical ZSM-22/PHTS composite material and its hydro-isomerization performance in hydro-upgrading of gasoline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyuan Fan ◽  
Chengkun Xiao ◽  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Molar Ratios

CoMo series catalysts based on ZSM-22/PHTS (ZP) composite materials with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios were prepared via the impregnation method. The properties of the ZP material and the corresponding catalysts...

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lesław Kyzioł ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Metric Entropy ◽  
Plastic Phase

Due to the unique properties of polymer composites, these materials are used in many industries, including shipbuilding (hulls of boats, yachts, motorboats, cutters, ship and cooling doors, pontoons and floats, torpedo tubes and missiles, protective shields, antenna masts, radar shields, and antennas, etc.). Modern measurement methods and tools allow to determine the properties of the composite material, already during its design. The article presents the use of the method of acoustic emission and Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The tested materials were polyester-glass laminate without additives and with a 10% content of polyester-glass waste. The changes taking place in the composite material during loading were visualized using a piezoelectric sensor used in the acoustic emission method. Thanks to the analysis of the RMS parameter (root mean square of the acoustic emission signal), it is possible to determine the range of stresses at which significant changes occur in the material in terms of its use as a construction material. In the K-S entropy method, an important measuring tool is the extensometer, namely the displacement sensor built into it. The results obtained during the static tensile test with the use of an extensometer allow them to be used to calculate the K-S metric entropy. Many materials, including composite materials, do not have a yield point. In principle, there are no methods for determining the transition of a material from elastic to plastic phase. The authors showed that, with the use of a modern testing machine and very high-quality instrumentation to record measurement data using the Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, it is possible to determine the material transition from elastic to plastic phase. Determining the yield strength of composite materials is extremely important information when designing a structure.

scholarly journals Development of Detailed FE Numerical Models for Assessing the Replacement of Metal with Composite Materials Applied to an Executive Aircraft Wing

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Valerio Acanfora ◽  
Roberto Petillo ◽  
Salvatore Incognito ◽  
Gerardo Mario Mirra ◽  
Aniello Riccio
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Liquid Resin Infusion ◽  
Process Constraints

This work provides a feasibility and effectiveness analysis, through numerical investigation, of metal replacement of primary components with composite material for an executive aircraft wing. In particular, benefits and disadvantages of replacing metal, usually adopted to manufacture this structural component, with composite material are explored. To accomplish this task, a detailed FEM numerical model of the composite aircraft wing was deployed by taking into account process constraints related to Liquid Resin Infusion, which was selected as the preferred manufacturing technique to fabricate the wing. We obtained a geometric and material layup definition for the CFRP components of the wing, which demonstrated that the replacement of the metal elements with composite materials did not affect the structural performance and can guarantee a substantial advantage for the structure in terms of weight reduction when compared to the equivalent metallic configuration, even for existing executive wing configurations.

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