An Approach to Enhancement of Conductivity in Composite Material Using Nanotechnology

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian T. Dang ◽  
Russ Maguire ◽  
Robab Safa-Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potential Integration

This review documents possible developments using Nano technology to enhance electromagnetic effects (EME) and identifies the potential integration on the composite structures for the next generation composite commercial aircraft. First, developments using Nano technology as a source to enhance the EME of the composite will be discussed. These developments include computational modeling of Nano-filled composites to predict certain properties and behaviors of Nano-enhanced materials, test methods for non-destructive examination of Nano-modified materials, and other novel approaches to resolve the challenges of increasing conductivity in composite materials. Next, the details of the potential impacts of using Nano technology for increasing conductivity will be outlined. Finally, the implementation of a Nano-enhanced material on the composite structure will be described.

scholarly journals METHODS OF MODELING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES ON «LIRA-SAPR»

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
M. S. Barabash ◽  
I. V. Genzerskyi ◽  
А. V. Pikul А.V. ◽  
О. Yu Bashynska
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Metal Casing

This paper provides detailed suggestions for the process of structural reinforcement modeling by composite materials on the software package «LIRA-SAPR». It also provides the implementation of bearing capacity checks for reinforced elements on the program called «ESPRI». The article offers an algorithm for calculation of  the construction objects in case of design situation changing, considering the modeling of the composite structure reinforcement. It considered the modeling process of reinforcement of structures using classical methods, such as using of metal casing. It also investigated a numerical modeling example of the frame structure reinforcement, with the selection and verification of the composite material.

scholarly journals The development of an advanced composite structure using evolutionary design methods

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Optimum Shape ◽  
Evolutionary Design ◽  
Structural Optimisation ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Evolutionary Optimisation

The development of an evolutionary optimisation method and its application to the design of an advanced composite structure is discussed in this study. Composite materials are increasingly being used in various fields, and so optimisation of such structures would be advantageous. From among the various methods available, one particular method, known as Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (ESO), is shown here. ESO is an empirical method, based on the concept of removing and adding material from a structure, in order to create an optimum shape. The objective of the research is to create an ESO method, utilising MSC.Patran/Nastran, to optimise composite structures. The creation of the ESO algorithm is shown, and the results of the development of the ESO algorithm are presented. A tailfin of an aircraft was used as an application example. The aim was to reduce weight and create an optimised design for manufacture. The criterion for the analyses undertaken was stress based. Two models of the tailfin are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed ESO algorithm. The results of this research are presented in the study.

Damage in Composite Material: A Microwave Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
Jerome Rossignol ◽  
Alain Thionnet
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unidirectional Composite ◽  
Microstrip Resonator ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Fibre Break ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Non Destructive

In the field of the transport, the increase of the security rule recommends to a periodic control of the structure to detect damage due to mechanical loadings. Now, current materials, used in the case of transport applications, are the composite materials. The methods, to control these materials or composite structures, need to be low cost, non-destructive, in-situ and swiftness as far as possible. The scientific literature reports many methods to control the damage in composite materials and structures. However the above requirements and the adaptation to composite materials reduce the number of methods that can be used. Currently, the adapted methods are based on infrared thermography, acoustical emission, EMIR (ElectroMagnetic InfraRed) or microwave imagery. We present an innovative non-destructive method of detecting damages in composite materials. The method is based on the observation and analysis of the modification in dielectric material resulting from damage. The originality of this method is that the diagnostic is obtained by using a microstrip resonator at microwave frequencies. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by the detection of a fibre break into an unidirectional composite submitted to a flexural loading. The fibre break is the damage to detect. The perspective of this work is to develop a quantification and a localization of damages.

Review of material test standardization status for the material qualification of laminated thermosetting composite structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 073168442095810
Author(s):  
Sang Yoon Park ◽  
Won Jong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Laminated Composite Materials ◽  
Design Values

This paper presents a review of recent literature related to the static mechanical testing of thermoset-based carbon fiber reinforced composites and introduces a material qualification methodology to generate statistically-based allowable design values for aerospace application. Although most test methods have been found to be effective in determining the specific material properties by incorporating them into the material qualification and quality control provisions, a full validation to clarify the behavior of thermoset-based laminated composite materials is currently lacking, particularly with regard to the characterization of compressive, in-plane, interlaminar shear, and damage tolerance properties. The present study obtains information on the different types of test method that can be employed within the same material properties, and makes an in-depth experimental comparison based on the past literatures. A discussion on the scope of theoretical analysis involves a description of how the proposed test method can be adequate for obtaining more accurate material properties. This discussion is directly applicable to the assessment of material nonlinearity and the geometrical effect of specimens. Finally, the resulting failure modes and the effect of each material property are studied to aid the understanding of the load distribution and behavior of laminated composite materials.

scholarly journals Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402091376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Shuncong Zhong ◽  
Tung-Lik Lee ◽  
Kevin S Fancey ◽  
Jiawei Mi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to load-carrying structures in aerospace, wind turbines, transportation, medical equipment and so on. Thus, robust and reliable non-destructive testing of composites is essential to reduce safety concerns and maintenance costs. There have been various non-destructive testing methods built upon different principles for quality assurance during the whole lifecycle of a composite product. This article reviews the most established non-destructive testing techniques for detection and evaluation of defects/damage evolution in composites. These include acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, shearography, digital image correlation, as well as X-ray and neutron imaging. For each non-destructive testing technique, we cover a brief historical background, principles, standard practices, equipment and facilities used for composite research. We also compare and discuss their benefits and limitations and further summarise their capabilities and applications to composite structures. Each non-destructive testing technique has its own potential and rarely achieves a full-scale diagnosis of structural integrity. Future development of non-destructive testing techniques for composites will be directed towards intelligent and automated inspection systems with high accuracy and efficient data processing capabilities.

scholarly journals Acousto-ultrasonics for defect assessment of composite materials

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kevin M. Dugmore
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Non Destructive

The experiments and their results contained herein will form the basis for the development of a portable non-destructive testing device for composite structures. This device is to be capable of detecting any of a variety of defects and assessing their severity within a short time

APPLICATION OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS BASED ON PALLIATIVE ANALYSIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION OF OPTICAL THERMAL AND ELECTRIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING FOR PREDICTION OF THE LIMIT RESOURCE OF OPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. O. Kozel'skaya ◽  
D. A. Akimov ◽  
A. S. Andreev ◽  
O. N. Budadin ◽  
V. V. Kotel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

The problem of assessing operational stability and, accordingly, assessing the storage and safe operation periods of objects (for example, load-bearing structural structures made of polymer composite materials (PCM)) has always been one of the most important. At present, this prediction problem is mainly solved on the basis of product testing, as well as a detailed study of the regularities of the physicochemical aging processes occurring in PCM and changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of products, and the creation on this basis of appropriate test methods and mathematical prediction models. The paper considers the problem of increasing the reliability of assessing the maximum service life of multicomponent structures by constructing predictive models using the results of optical-thermal and electrical non-destructive testing of the state of objects by temperature fields and the value of internal deformation of the material under force on the structure as input information. It is shown that in the case of using logical approaches as a software tool for predicting the ultimate resource of structures made of polymer composite materials, part of the knowledge should be used for reasoning that provides an explanation of the conclusions drawn, since formal logic is of limited applicability, especially in conditions of incomplete or uncertain information. In this case, the solution to the problem becomes the identification and establishment of cause-and-effect relationships. For the tasks of technical assessment of the quality of structures and their service life, the use of such logical conclusions as inductive, deductive and analogous conclusions is impossible, since for their work, they require all information about the diagnosed structure. The use of the proposed method for assessing the service life will allow timely stopping the loading of products with loads and, thus, preventing structural destruction. It should be borne in mind that in order to reliably predict the ultimate service life of complex structures made of composite materials using the proposed method, a set of various input instrumental and subjective information about the structural and operational characteristics of the product is required, including information on intermediate tests, non-destructive testing data. at various stages of manufacturing, design features, stability of parameters during the development process, subjective opinions of specialists, changes in the properties of materials from time to time and loads, etc. Implementation of the proposed approach will allow creating a new generation of test methods and predicting operational stability with an assessment of the limiting service life of elements and structures, which, ultimately, will provide an additional opportunity for developing practical recommendations for confirming or extending the warranty periods of operation and increasing the reliability and safety of operation of structures.

Thermally Induced Flow Structures in Aircraft Wing Compartments

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Newport ◽  
V. Egan ◽  
M. Aguanno ◽  
V. Lacarac ◽  
B. Estebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Heat Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Induced Flow

The use of composite material in modern commercial aircraft has increased significantly in recent years. The very low conductivity relative to Aluminium of composite materials means that the thermal environment experienced in an aircraft, during flight and on the apron, are significantly altered. The heat transfer mechanism is complex: natural and mixed convection flows established in compartments. This paper presents the thermally induced flow structures under representative conditions for a rectangular cavity representative of wing boxes and horizontal tail planes. The paper highlights the sensitivity to boundary conditions, the effect of structural stiffeners. The results indicate it may be possible to incorporate the effect of stringers and heating from above into existing correlations.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Impedance-Based Non-Destructive Testing Method for Possible Identification of Composite Debonding Depth

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wongi S. Na ◽  
Jongdae Baek
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Piezoelectric Impedance ◽  
Non Destructive

Detecting the depth and size of debonding in composite structures is essential for assessing structural safety as it can weaken the structure possibly leading to a failure. As composite materials are used in various fields up to date including aircrafts and bridges, inspections are carried out to maintain structural integrity. Although many inspection methods exist for detection damage of composites, most of the techniques require trained experts or a large equipment that can be time consuming. In this study, the possibility of using the piezoelectric material-based non-destructive method known as the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is used to identify the depth of debonding damage of glass epoxy laminates. Laminates with various thicknesses were prepared and tested to seek for the possibility of using the EMI technique for identifying the depth of debonding. Results show promising outcome for bringing the EMI technique a step closer for commercialization.

scholarly journals A Review of Sensing Technologies for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ranjeetkumar Gupta ◽  
Daniel Mitchell ◽  
Jamie Blanche ◽  
Sam Harper ◽  
Wenshuo Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Contact Type ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Non Destructive

The growing demand and diversity in the application of industrial composites and the current inability of present non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to perform detailed inspection of these composites has motivated this comprehensive review of sensing technologies. NDE has the potential to be a versatile tool for maintaining composite structures deployed in hazardous and inaccessible areas, such as offshore wind farms and nuclear power plants. Therefore, the future composite solutions need to take into consideration the niche requirements of these high-value/critical applications. Composite materials are intrinsically complex due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous characteristics. This presents a significant challenge for evaluation and the associated data analysis for NDEs. For example, the quality assurance, certification of composite structures, and early detection of the failure is complex due to the variability and tolerances involved in the composite manufacturing. Adapting existing NDE methods to detect and locate the defects at multiple length scales in the complex materials represents a significant challenge, resulting in a delayed and incorrect diagnosis of the structural health. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the NDE techniques, that includes a detailed discussion of their working principles, setup, advantages, limitations, and usage level for the structural composites. A comparison between these techniques is also presented, providing an insight into the future trends for composites’ prognostic and health management (PHM). Current research trends show the emergence of the non-contact-type NDE (including digital image correlation, infrared tomography, as well as disruptive frequency-modulated continuous wave techniques) for structural composites, and the reasons for their choice over the most popular contact-type (ultrasonic, acoustic, and piezoelectric testing) NDE methods is also discussed. The analysis of this new sensing modality for composites’ is presented within the context of the state-of-the-art and projected future requirements.

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