scholarly journals I-SSR Markers Revealed Inconsistent Phylogeographic Patterns among Populations of Japanese Red Pines in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-P. Hong ◽  
H.-Y. Kwon ◽  
I.-S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract To monitor the level and distribution pattern of genetic diversity in countrywide populations of Japanese red pines in Korea, 80 I-SSR variants were analyzed from 192 individuals in 11 populations. The previously reported data, obtained from the 8 populations of this species, were incorporated into the estimation of the population genetic statistics. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity was observed in 19 populations of Japanese red pines (mean of 0.453) than those in other tree species. From the results of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity (92%) was allocated within populations, which brought about the moderate degree of population differentiation (ϕST= 0.08). Two genetic groups were observed from the dendrogram reconstructed by UPGMA. Overall correlation between genetic relationships and geographic affinity was inconsistent among the 19 populations. Some probable genetic disturbances, induced by either human interference or the natural process of regeneration for the species after devastation, might be responsible for the discrepancy between genetic relationships and geographical distribution of the populations. These results suggested that simple geographic or ecological grouping might not represent the genetic zone of the Korean populations of Japanese red pines, and that more careful approach should be made for designating in situ gene conservation of this species in Korea.

scholarly journals Discordance Between Geographical Distribution and Genetic Relationship Among Populations of Japanese Red Pine in Korea Revealed by Analysis of I-SSR Markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-P. Hong ◽  
H.-Y. Kwon ◽  
K.-S. Kim ◽  
K.-N. Hong ◽  
Y.-Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Japanese Red Pine ◽  
Distant Location

Abstract Level and distribution of genetic diversity in 8 populations of Japanese red pine in Korea were estimated using I-SSR variants. A total of 80 I-SSR variants were observed in the analyzed 150 individuals, which revealed DNA fingerprints-like individual specific amplicon profiles for all of them. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity within populations was observed in 8 populations of Japanese red pine (mean of 0.450) than in other tree species. From the results of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity was allocated within populations (93.42%) resulting in a moderate degree of population differentiation (ΦST= 0.066). The observed distribution pattern of I-SSR variants among 8 populations was coincided with the typical patterns for the long-lived woody species. Genetic relationships among the populations, reconstructed by UPGMA and Neighbor- Joining methods, revealed 2 genetic groups. The populations of Gangwon-Uljin and Chungnam-Taean turned out to be the most closely related despite a distant location between them. The overall genetic relationships among the 8 populations, reconstructed by both methods, were not coincided with geographic distances. The discrepancy between genetic relationships and geographical distribution among the populations suggests that the analyzed populations might have undergone random changes in genetic composition due to some kinds of disturbances. Results obtained in this study suggests that more careful approach should be made in preparing strategy for gene conservation of Japanese red pine in Korea. More information on countrywide molecular population genetic status of Japanese red pine will be helpful to prepare more reasonable strategy for gene conservation of the species in the country.

Population genetics and conservation of the critically endangered Clematis acerifolia (Ranunculaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. López-Pujol ◽  
F.-M. Zhang ◽  
S. Ge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Term Storage

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to evaluate the levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the critically endangered Clematis acerifolia Maximowicz (Ranunculaceae), a narrow endemic species in China. On the basis of variation at 19 putative loci in nine populations covering the entire distribution of this species, low values of genetic diversity were detected (P = 20.5%, A = 1.27, and He = 0.072). A significant deficiency of heterozygotes was found in all populations. Most loci showed deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, probably as a result of population genetic structuring. The high genetic divergence among populations (FST = 0.273) can be interpreted as an effect of the extinction of local populations and genetic drift within extant populations, and has probably been enhanced by habitat fragmentation in recent decades. Threats to this species are mainly anthropogenic (road works, construction of holiday resorts, and extraction activities), although stochastic risks cannot be ignored. Therefore, to preserve extant genetic variation of C. acerifolia, in situ strategies, such as the preservation of its habitat or at least the most diverse populations, and ex situ measures, such as the collection and long-term storage of seeds, should be adopted.

scholarly journals Genomic constraints to drought adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin W Ahrens ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Richard A Mazanec ◽  
Scott Ferguson ◽  
Jason G Bragg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Regions ◽  
Genomic Variants ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Global shifts in climate and precipitation patterns are altering the diversity and structure of forests. The ability for species to adapt is especially difficult for long lived foundation species with unknown genetic and trait diversity. We harnessed genomic, physiological, and climate data to determine adaptation constraints. We used denovo assembly and 6.5 million genomic variants with drought related traits from 432 individuals sourced from across the complete range of the foundation tree species Corymbia calophylla. We found genomic variants determining traits predominantly in gene regulatory regions. The ability for populations to adapt was limited by within population genetic diversity associated with traits, and epistatic interactions within traits and pleiotropic interactions among traits. Nevertheless, we could accurately predict adaptive traits using genomic and climate data to guide reforestation. Our study indicated that some populations may contain variation sufficient for the species to adapt to the effects of drought, while other populations will need increased variability from those sources.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Alternaria species associated with black point in wheat grains

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Turzhanova ◽  
Oxana N. Khapilina ◽  
Asem Tumenbayeva ◽  
Vladislav Shevtsov ◽  
Olesya Raiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alternaria Species

The genus Alternaria is a widely distributed major plant pathogen that can act as a saprophyte in plant debris. Fungi of this genus frequently infect cereal crops and cause such diseases as black point and wheat leaf blight, which decrease the yield and quality of cereal products. A total of 25 Alternaria sp. isolates were collected from germ grains of various wheat cultivars from different geographic regions in Kazakhstan. We investigated the genetic relationships of the main Alternaria species related to black point disease of wheat in Kazakhstan, using the inter-primer binding site (iPBS) DNA profiling technique. We used 25 retrotransposon-based iPBS primers to identify the differences among and within Alternaria species populations, and analyzed the variation using clustering (UPGMA) and statistical approaches (AMOVA). Isolates of Alternaria species clustered into two main genetic groups, with species of A.alternata and A.tennuissima forming one cluster, and isolates of A. infectoria forming another. The genetic diversity found using retrotransposon profiles was strongly correlated with geographic data. Overall, the iPBS fingerprinting technique is highly informative and useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships of Alternaria species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure analyses in the Alpine plum (Prunus brigantina Vill.) confirm its affiliation to the Armeniaca section

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shuo ◽  
Decroocq Stephane ◽  
Harte Elodie ◽  
Tricon David ◽  
Chague Aurelie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Geographical Regions

AbstractIn-depth characterization of the genetic diversity and population structure of wild relatives of crops is of paramount importance for genetic improvement and biodiversity conservation, and is particularly crucial when the wild relatives of crops are endangered. In this study, we therefore sampled the Alpine plum (Briançon apricot) Prunus brigantina Vill. across its natural distribution in the French Alps, where its populations are severely fragmented and its population size strongly impacted by humans. We analysed 71 wild P. brigantina samples with 34 nuclear markers and studied their genetic diversity and population structure, with the aim to inform in situ conservation measures and build a core collection for long-term ex-situ conservation. We also examined the genetic relationships of P. brigantina with other species in the Prunophora subgenus, encompassing the Prunus (Eurasian plums), Prunocerasus (North-American plums) and Armeniaca (apricots) sections, to check its current taxonomy. We detected a moderate genetic diversity in P. brigantina and a Bayesian model-based clustering approach revealed the existence of three genetically differentiated clusters, endemic to three geographical regions in the Alps, which will be important for in situ conservation measures. Based on genetic diversity and population structure analyses, a subset of 36 accessions were selected for ex-situ conservation in a core collection that encompasses the whole detected P. brigantina allelic diversity. Using a dataset of cultivated apricots and wild cherry plums (P. cerasifera) genotyped with the same markers, we detected gene flow neither with European P. armeniaca cultivars nor with diploid plums. In contrast with previous studies, dendrograms and networks placed P. brigantina closer to Armeniaca species than to Prunus species. Our results thus confirm the classification of P. brigantina within the Armeniaca section; it also illustrates the importance of the sampling size and design in phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Tree species of concern in New Brunswick, Canada. II. Guidelines for conservation of genetic resources

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
J A Loo ◽  
T L Beardmore ◽  
J D Simpson ◽  
D A McPhee
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Bur Oak ◽  
Butternut Canker

Guidelines were developed by the New Brunswick Forest Gene Conservation Working Group for conserving genetic resources of four native tree species in New Brunswick. Gene conservation guidelines for three of these species aim to maintain sufficient gene pools of known or putatively resistant stock to retain or develop the potential for restoration. Natural populations of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) are known to have genotypes resistant to the beech scale at low frequencies. Gene conservation approaches include in situ and ex situ measures, including resistance breeding. White elm (Ulmus americana) demonstrates a degree of resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED), and will benefit from a mixture of in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Resistance to butternut canker has not yet been demonstrated in populations of butternut (Juglans cinerea), but ex situ conservation of putatively resistant genotypes will be of increasing importance as the frequency of butternut canker escalates. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), threatened by small population size, habitat loss, and ongoing development, requires primarily in situ conservation and restoration efforts. Key words: American beech, bur oak, butternut, disease resistance, ex situ, gene conservation guidelines, genetic resources, in situ, restoration, white elm

Infraspecific genetic variation and population structure of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
Alex V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
Two Populations

Salvia nemorosa is widely distributed in different parts of Iran, while, there is no information about its population genetic structure and genetic diversity. The current information of its potential protection or conservation status in Iran is almost absent and unclear. Our investigation was the first molecular study of this medicinal species. We performed analysis of genetic variability and population structure of 11 populations of S. nemorosa in Iran using ISSR technique. We revealed intra and inter-population genetic diversity in the studied populations. Genetic parameters widely varied among the studied populations and confirmed their high genetic diversity. Moreover, AMOVA test showed significant molecular variation among and within the populations. The arrangement of populations and their individuals in NJ tree, PCA and MDS plots was in agreement with AMOVA results and individuals of five groups were overlapped. The Nm value showed low amount of gene flow among the populations. Based on STRUCTURE analysis and UPGMA tree of genetic distance, six genetic groups were identified among the studied populations, while two populations had significant differences and could be definite as ecotypes.

Dynamische Generhaltung in Europas Wäldern: Paneuropäische Konzepte nehmen Gestalt an

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Silvio Schueler ◽  
Heino Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Dynamic gene conservation in European forests: Pan-European concepts shaping up Forests in Europe consist mainly of wild, undomesticated tree populations showing high genetic variation that has been shaped by postglacial migration and manifold adaptations to their local environments. To conserve this genetic diversity, many European countries have developed programs for the conservation of forest genetic resources, which consist not only of seed orchards but also of forest stands for in situ gene conservation. The long-term aim of the so called “dynamic gene conservation” is the maintenance of the most important ecological and, on a longer time scale, evolutionary processes. In the European cooperation project EUFGIS, Pan-European minimum requirements for units of dynamic gene conservation in forests were developed. On the basis of these criteria, a common database of all these identified units was established. Moreover, the representativeness of the nominated conservation units for ecological zones and continental hot spots of genetic diversity was analyzed, and the vulnerability of the network under climate change was investigated. This analysis showed that the present network of dynamic conservation units for various tree species contains significant gaps in its ecological and phylogenetic representativeness and indicates that up to 65% of the nominated conservation units of a target tree species will be highly vulnerable under climate change. Therefore, the network of gene conservation units needs to be extended, and additional transnational conservation actions including European assisted migration schemes should be considered.

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