scholarly journals Effects of Different Simulated Management Intensities on The Genetic Diversity of a Heart-of-palm Tree Natural Population (Euterpe edulis Martius)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Zago Da Silva ◽  
Maurício Sedrez Dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Heterozygosity Loss ◽  
Euterpe Edulis Martius ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of selective logging on genetic diversity and inbreeding a heart-of-palm tree (Euterpe edulis), simulating different cutting intensities. To detect the effects of logging, we first performed the genetic characterization of the reproductive plants present in 24 plots that were allocated in Ibirama-SC, Brazil. For the genetic characterization we used allozyme markers, and for simulating the occurrence of different cutting intensities (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 150 seed-trees/ha) we performed 1000 resamplings within the total seed-tree group (599). Thus, it was possible to compare the genetic diversity among the different cutting intensities and the unmanaged population, through alterations to the allelic frequencies, heterozygosity, loss of alleles and increase in the inbreeding. The results of genetic indexes for different cutting intensity were variable, but all presented the same tendency towards genetic diversity reduction when the density of the seed-trees/ha was reduced. The results show that the density of 60 seed-trees/ha, or higher are the most indicated when the objective is to utilize this natural resource in a sustainable way as regards the management issues, because they did not present loss of alleles or reduction in the number of polymorphic loci, and also because they presented the lowest reductions in the observed and expected heterozygosity index and fixation index.

scholarly journals Euterpe edulis seed germination parameters and genotype selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42461 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Henrique Soler Guilhen ◽  
Carolina de Oliveira Bernardes ◽  
Tiago De Souza Marçal ◽  
Wagner Bastos dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Euterpe Edulis Martius

The palm tree juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart) is considered one of the most important and threatened native species in the Atlantic Forest. The search for juçara seeds (Euterpe edulis Martius) has increased, generating a need for technologies favorable to their production, quality and conservation. The aim of this study was to describe the seed germination patterns of 45 juçara accessions by using a nonlinear model to examine the behavior of these patterns and select superior genotypes. After clustering 45 juçara accessions into four groups, four nonlinear models, namely, the logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Weibull models, were tested based on their fit for each group of accessions. The Gompertz model presented the best fit to describe the germination growth curve of E. edulis seeds. Groups 3 and 4 presented the highest daily germination rates and were considered the most vigorous. Analysis of deviance was performed, revealing genetic variability among the genotypes in terms of seed germination and vigor. It was possible to find a nonlinear model that best explained our data, and this model may also be a promising model for other palm tree species. It is possible to select genotypes based on the characters we analyzed, due to the elevated genetic variability.

scholarly journals Changes in Genetic Diversity of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) Associated with Inbreeding and White Pine Blister Rust Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Bower ◽  
S. N. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe investigated the association of inbreeding and infection by the introduced disease white pine blister rust (caused by the fungusCronartium ribicolaJ. C. Fisch) with genetic diversity of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulisEngelm.) by genetically comparing cohorts of different ages in natural stands. Isozyme analysis of bud tissue was used to estimate expected and observed heterozygosity (Heand Ho), and Wright’s fixation index (Fis) for three age cohorts (seedling, young, and mature), sampled from 14 sites in British Columbia, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Comparison of genetic diversity parameters among cohorts within a site was used to assess the extent and persistence of inbreeding with age, while comparisons of parameters among sites within a cohort were used to assess the impact of the disease on genetic diversity. Significant evidence of inbreeding (Fis>0) was found in all age cohorts. When sites were stratified by level of blister rust infection, differences in Fisand Hoamong cohorts were only significant when level of infection was low. A significant negative association was found between level of blister rust infection and Hoin the mature cohort. This suggests that when differential selection due to blister rust is weak, more heterozygous individuals may be favored; however, more homozygous individuals may have higher fitness under higher blister rust levels

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of physico-chemical stability of cosmetic formulations employing the fruits of the Jussara palm tree (Euterpe edulis Martius): tinting shampoo and exfoliant cream

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Henriette Marcondes Fonseca de Marc ◽  
Lilian Katsue Harada ◽  
Matthieu Tubino ◽  
Valquíria Miwa Hanai Yoshida ◽  
Victor Manuel Balcão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Euterpe Edulis Martius

The major goal of this research work was to use the dry extract of the fruits of Jussara palm tree (Euterpe edulis Martius) in the development of a tinting shampoo (0.3% (w/v) anthocyanin extract) and an exfoliating beauty cream integrating granules from the seeds of the fruit (1%, w/v). The dry extract was characterized via determination of the content of anthocyanins by the differential pH method, antioxidant activity by the phospho-molybdenum complex methodology, and antimicrobial activity by the disc-diffusion method. The extraction yield was 2.3% (w/w) (2.25 g dry extract/100 g fruit), with an antioxidant activity of 139.0 ± 5.5% relative to that of ascorbic acid, indicating a high antioxidant capacity. The anthocyanin extract did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. The physico-chemical stability characteristics of both the tinting shampoo and the exfoliating cream were evaluated via accelerated stability studies at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage at 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. The cosmetic products prepared were stable in relation to the physico-chemical characteristics under the conditions studied.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Differentiation of Iberian Knapweeds (Centaurea sects. Jacea and Lepteranthus, Asteraceae) and Genetic Isolation of Infraspecific Floral Morphotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-501
Author(s):  
Itziar Arnelas ◽  
Ernesto Pérez-Collazos ◽  
Juan A. Devesa ◽  
Antonio J. Manzaneda ◽  
Pilar Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
The Impact

The taxonomic boundaries of Centaurea L. species and infraspecific taxa are often blurred by hybridizations. However, counterbalancing genetic isolation contributes to maintaining taxonomic limits and fostering rapid speciation processes. Radiant (R) and non-radiant (NR) capitula are two major floral morphs present in Centaurea. However, it is unclear how gene flow affects the distribution of floral morphotypes across populations and taxa. We have investigated the taxonomic differentiation and potential effect of genetic isolation in R and NR populations of Iberian Centaurea sects. Jacea (Mill.) Pers. ex Dumort. and Lepteranthus (Neck. ex DC.) Dumort. A total of 510 individuals from 58 populations (12 taxa) were analyzed using 165 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Genetic diversity and structure parameters were estimated at the taxon, population, and floral morphotypic levels. We tested whether there was correlation between population pairwise fixation index (Fst) genetic distances and the inbreeding coefficient (Fis), taken as a surrogate of reproductive isolation between the R and NR morphotypes of each group, and also taking into account geographic distances, using distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA). We also performed isolation by distance (IBD) tests between different floral morphotypes, aiming to infer the impact of genetic isolation on evolutionary and taxonomic divergence of the individuals. The taxa of Centaurea sects. Jacea and Lepteranthus constitute independent evolutionary lineages. Most of the detected genetic clusters match the taxonomic circumscription proposed in our most recent treatments. Genetic diversity was highest in C. debeauxii Godr. & Gren. subsp. debeauxii and subsp. grandiflora (Gaudin ex Schübl. & G. Martens) Devesa & Arnelas and in C. jacea L. subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli (R) and lowest in C. nevadensis Boiss. & Reut. (NR) within the Centaurea sect. Jacea clade, whereas it was highest in C. linifolia L. within the Centaurea sect. Lepteranthus clade. Population-level dbRDA tests did not detect a significant correlation of R versus NR genetic distances and Fis values in any of the studied cases; by contrast, they detected significant correlation with longitude (C. jacea subsp. angustifolia, C. debeauxii, C. linifolia–C. stuessyi Arnelas, Devesa & E. López) or latitude (C. nigra L.). IBD analysis at the individual level showed that, in addition to geography, other morphotype-related factors may affect the genetic differentiation of R versus NR morphs in C. nigra, C. debeauxii, and C. linifolia–C. stuessyi. These results suggest that the fixation of the different morphs within the same taxon or group may be explained by geographic isolation, though we could not discount other potential unknown factors that could have contributed to microspeciation in these recently divergent populations, which originated only several thousands of years ago.

scholarly journals CONTRASTING LEVELS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE ENDANGERED TROPICAL PALM EUTERPE EDULIS MARTIUS

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enéas Ricardo Konzen ◽  
Maisa Pimentel Martins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Euterpe Edulis Martius ◽  
Structure Patterns

ABSTRACT Euterpe edulis is a tropical species that produces the heart of palm, an edible product of high economic importance. However, its natural populations have been severely threatened by unrestricted exploitation, along with the destruction of its natural biome, the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. In this work, we examined the genetic diversity status of five natural populations using isozyme markers. Despite their limitations and replacement by DNA-based markers, isozymes are codominant markers that reveal accurate estimates of genetic diversity and structure patterns, as do microsatellites. Six informative isozyme markers were used to analyze the genetic variability of populations located in different areas of the Atlantic Forest (Ombrophilous Dense Forest and Seasonal Forest), and with different degrees of perturbation. Mean genetic diversity for all populations (Ho = 0.172, for 13 loci) was considered low for a tropical species, even for the markers used. Populations from Ombrophilous Dense Forest at the very South limit of distribution of the heart of palm presented the lowest genetic variability (Ho = 0.141), which is clearly observed from the allele frequencies, and might implicate in less adaptive potential in a scenario of climate change. On the contrary, the Seasonal Forest population presented the highest diversity (Ho = 0.237). It comprises one of the largest remaining reservoirs of heart of palm and maybe of its genetic variability. The contrasting levels of genetic diversity encountered in this study rehash the constant need of monitoring and conserving the current genetic diversity of E. edulis populations, as well as exploring strategies for its breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Euterpe edulis martius based on fruit traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago de Souza Marçal ◽  
Carolina de Oliveira Bernardes ◽  
Wagner Bastos dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
José Henrique Soler Guilhen ◽  
Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Euterpe Edulis Martius

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a palm species from the Atlantic Forest whose fruits are important as a source of food to several individuals from the fauna of the region. Despite its ecological importance, juçara is found in the list of endangered species, due to the fragmentation of the forests and the illegal extraction of the heart of palm. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intra-populational genetic diversity of E. edulis based on fruit and seed traits in forest fragments of the Espírito Santo State in Brazil.  The aim was to generate information to be used in E. edulis breeding programs, or in the delineation of more efficient management and reforestation strategies. The study was carried out in 20 forest fragments and 198 fruit plants were sampled. Positive genetic association was observed between the evaluated traits, with the longitudinal diameter of the fruit (LDF) and the seed mass (SM) greatly affecting fruit mass (FM). The existence of inter- and intra-populational genetic divergence was proved. The genetic divergence found in E. edulis suggests that there is genetic material that can be explored in breeding programs and this information may also contribute to management strategies that can increase the species genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of a Guzerá (Bos indicus) Meta-Population

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela C. D. Peixoto ◽  
Maria Raquel S. Carvalho ◽  
Andrea A. Egito ◽  
Raphael S. Steinberg ◽  
Frank Ângelo T. Bruneli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
The Impact

The Brazilian Guzerá population originated from a few founders introduced from India. These animals adapted well to the harsh environments in Brazil, were selected for beef, milk, or dual-purpose (beef and milk), and were extensively used to produce crossbred animals. Here, the impact of these historical events with regard to the population structure and genetic diversity in a Guzerá meta-population was evaluated. DNA samples of 744 animals (one dairy, nine dual-purpose, and five beef herds) were genotyped for 21 microsatellite loci. Ho, He, PIC, Fis, Fit, and Fst estimates were obtained considering either farms or lineages as subpopulations. Mean Ho (0.73) and PIC (0.75) suggest that genetic diversity was efficiently conserved. Fit, Fis and Fst values (95% CI) pointed to a low fixation index, and large genetic diversity: Fit (Farms = 0.021–0.100; lineages = 0.021–0.100), Fis (Farms = –0.007–0.076; lineages = −0.014–0.070), and Fst (Farms = 0.0237–0.032; lineages = 0.029–0.038). The dual-purpose herds/selection lines are the most uniform subpopulation, while the beef one preserved larger amounts of genetic diversity among herds. In addition, the dairy herd showed to be genetically distant from other herds. Taken together, these results suggest that this Guzerá meta-population has high genetic diversity, a low degree of population subdivision, and a low inbreeding level.

scholarly journals Genetic Listeria monocytogenes Types in the Pork Processing Plant Environment: From Occasional Introduction to Plausible Persistence in Harborage Sites

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Niels Demaître ◽  
Geertrui Rasschaert ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Annemie Geeraerd ◽  
Koen De Reu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the L. monocytogenes occurrence and genetic diversity in three Belgian pork cutting plants. We specifically aim to identify harborage sites and niche locations where this pathogen might occur. A total of 868 samples were taken from a large diversity of food and non-food contact surfaces after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) and during processing. A total of 13% (110/868) of environmental samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes. When looking in more detail, zone 3 non-food contact surfaces were contaminated more often (26%; 72/278) at typical harborage sites, such as floors, drains, and cleaning materials. Food contact surfaces (zone 1) were less frequently contaminated (6%; 25/436), also after C&D. PFGE analysis exhibited low genetic heterogeneity, revealing 11 assigned clonal complexes (CC), four of which (CC8, CC9, CC31, and CC121) were predominant and widespread. Our data suggest (i) the occasional introduction and repeated contamination and/or (ii) the establishment of some persistent meat-adapted clones in all cutting plants. Further, we highlight the importance of well-designed extensive sampling programs combined with genetic characterization to help these facilities take corrective actions to prevent transfer of this pathogen from the environment to the meat.

scholarly journals Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Lozada-Soto ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Duc Lu ◽  
Stephen Miller ◽  
John B. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding. Results We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding. Conclusions In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

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