Pronominal resumption in Spanish direct object relative clauses

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-301
Author(s):  
Álvaro Cerrón-Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Resumptive Pronouns ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Object Relative

Abstract This variationist study analyzes the linguistic and social factors constraining the alternation of resumptive pronouns (RPs) and gaps in direct object (DO) relative clauses (RCs) in the Peruvian Limeño variety. Using a number of mixed-effects (logistic regression) models in Rbrul, results reveal that the set of linguistic constraints favoring pronominal DO resumption does not coincide with those reported to promote subject and oblique RP presence in previous studies. Furthermore, when compared to their subject and oblique counterparts, DO RPs are constrained by a higher number of factors of syntactic, semantic, processing and pragmatic nature. I suggest that this sensitivity to a broader set of constraints is crucial in explaining why DO RPs are more frequent in RCs than subject and oblique RPs. With respect to the social factors analyzed, this study shows a lack of effect of gender, age and education on the speaker’s choice for the resumptive variant.

A SUBJECT-OBJECT ASYMMETRY IN THE ACQUISITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES IN KOREAN AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O'Grady ◽  
Miseon Lee ◽  
Miho Choo
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structural Account ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Object Relative

A variety of studies have reported that learners of English as a second language find subject relative clauses easier to produce and comprehend than direct object relatives, but it is unclear whether this preference should be attributed to structural factors or to a linear distance effect. This paper seeks to resolve this issue and to extend our understanding of SLA in general by investigating the interpretation of subject and direct object relative clauses by English-speaking learners of Korean, a left-branching language in which subject gaps in relative clauses are more distant from the head than are object gaps. The results of a comprehension task conducted with 53 beginning and intermediate learners point toward a strong preference for subject relative clauses, favoring the structural account.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Longitudinal Patterns of Multiple Health Behaviors in Chinese Freshmen

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401989369
Author(s):  
Shuman Tao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Fangbiao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Multiple Health Behaviors ◽  
Multiple Health

Students with multiple health risk behaviors (HRB) have increased amount of research attention. The study aimed to examine the multiple health behaviors and whether these behaviors differ by demographic characteristics and social factors in a 1-year follow-up study among 1,989 students. All the measures were from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Associations between demographic characteristics/social factors and multiple HRB were examined by logistic regression models. Binary logistic models indicated that females had generally higher odds of physical inactivity but lower odds of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, suicide attempt, and breakfast skipping. Students more than 18 years had higher odds of cigarette smoking. Physical inactivity was negatively correlated with playing school sports teams and taking extracurricular activities. Students with screen time >2 hr/d were more likely to be with physical inactivity or alcohol drinking. Logistic regression models showed that males showed higher odds of two, three, and four to six HRB at 3T. Not taking part in school sports teams/extracurricular activities and screen time >2 hr/d at baseline were risk factors of multiple HRB. Our results reveal a close association between youth risk behaviors and demographic characteristics/social factors. Health promotion interventions of co-occurred behavior should be conducted at schools.

Children's Household Exposure to Guns: A Pediatric Practice-Based Survey

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
Yvonne D. Senturia ◽  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel ◽  
Mark Donovan
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Geographical Locations

Guns in the home are a factor in pediatric unintentional and intentional firearm injuries, yet the patterns of ownership and use are unclear. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of firearms in households containing children who go to pediatricians, the types of firearms owned, the purposes of such ownership, the conditions of firearm storage, and the social correlates of ownership. Methods. Survey of parents attending 29 (urban, suburban, and rural) pediatric practices in Chicago, New Jersey, Houston, Utah, Georgia, Iowa, and South Carolina for well or sick child care during a 1-week study period. The main outcome measure was ownership of rifle/shotgun and/or handgun. Results. Gun ownership was reported by 37% of 5233 respondent families: rifles (26%), handguns (17%), and powder firearm (32%). Ownership varied significantly across practices and geographical locations. Thirteen percent of 823 handguns and 1% of 1327 rifles were reported both unlocked and loaded. Recreation was the most common reason for both rifle (75%) and handgun (59%) ownership; 48% of handguns were kept for self-protection versus 21% of rifles. In logistic regression models, predictor variables for firearm ownership included rural area, single family dwelling, at least one adult male, and fewer preschool children (for handgun and rifle); mother with at least 12 years education (for handgun), and white mother (for rifle). Conclusions. The data presented suggest that US pediatricians routinely see children in families that own firearms, including a worrisome number that keep loaded and unlocked handguns. Until more detailed information becomes available, it is reasonable for pediatricians to be guided by these data, and so to counsel routinely about gun exposure.

Internal Migration, Social Exclusion, and Victimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Migrant ◽  
Labor Dynamics

Objectives: This article applies a multidimensional social exclusion framework to examine Chinese rural-to-urban migrant victimization. Method: Data from the 2012 China Labor Dynamics Survey is used to examine whether Chinese migrants are more likely to be victimized compared to urban residents and to what extent the prior findings on the meditating roles of social exclusion between immigration and victimization can be applied to understand Chinese migrants’ victimization. Results: Findings reveal the elevated victimization risks among nationwide rural-to-urban migrants. Logistic regression models find that social exclusion mediates the link between migrant status and victimization and that social exclusion predicts victimization. Conclusions: The discriminative institutional arrangements in China are a major force of the universal disadvantages of Chinese migrants. That is, it is not the migrant status itself, but the social exclusion suffered by individuals that increase the likelihood of being criminally victimized.

Asymmetries in children's production of relative clauses: data from English and Korean

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAE-EUN KIM ◽  
WILLIAM O'GRADY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Object Relative

ABSTRACTWe report here on a series of elicited production experiments that investigate the production of indirect object and oblique relative clauses by monolingual child learners of English and Korean. Taken together, the results from the two languages point toward a pair of robust asymmetries: children manifest a preference for subject relative clauses over indirect object relative clauses, and for direct object relative clauses over oblique relative clauses. We consider various possible explanations for these preferences, of which the most promising seems to involve the requirement that the referent of the head noun be easily construed as what the relative clause is about.

scholarly journals Modeling the Social Determinants of Official COVID-19 Reports in the Early Stages of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 193672442110616
Author(s):  
Marcell T. Kurbucz
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Composite Variables ◽  
Regional Dummy

The goal of this paper is to examine the role of social factors in the formation of country reports related to COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. To this end, a linked database of countries’ COVID-19 reports and five composite variables (which compress the information content of 162 preliminary selected socioeconomic indicators) is analyzed by using regression models with regional dummy interactions. The main findings not only reflect the importance of foreign travel restrictions and airport controls but also show that in Europe and Africa, more corrupt countries have reported significantly fewer cases and deaths than countries in other regions.

Resumption or contrast?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cerrón-Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Resumptive Pronouns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
The One

This article is a contribution to the study of subject resumptive pronouns (RPs) in Spanish relative clauses (RCs). Previous studies have focused only on the constraints governing RPs across the different functions relativized: subject, direct object and oblique. In this variationist study, two analyses were conducted for the Peruvian Limeño variety: on the one hand, RPs were analyzed as a whole, following the aforementioned tradition; on the other hand, subject RPs were studied separately. When comparing the results of both analyses, it was found that the constraints favoring subject RPs are only a subset of the ones governing RPs as a whole, and the ranking of these constraints is also different. In addition, upon closer inspection, a different type of non-standard subject pronoun was identified: a contrastive one.

scholarly journals Object relative clauses in Dutch-speaking children with High-Functioning Autism (HFA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Jeannette Schaeffer ◽  
Bart Siekman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Verbal Reasoning ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Object Relative

Abstract Previous studies show that Direct Object Scrambling (DOS) is impaired in Dutch-speaking children with High-Functioning Autism (HFA). However, as DOS can be considered a syntax-pragmatics interface phenomenon, it is unclear whether DOS errors are due to impaired syntax or impaired pragmatics. In order to shed light on this question, the current study investigates Object Relative Clauses (ORC), assumed to involve syntactic object placement (as in DOS), but not pragmatics, in children with HFA. We examine the elicited production, comprehension and judgment of ORCs in 25 Dutch-speaking children with HFA (age 6–14) and 25 TD matches with comparable non-verbal reasoning scores. Results reveal no differences between groups, but show that, similar to TD children (and adults), children with HFA use passives and animacy to disambiguate ORCs. The TD-HFA similarity indicates that the syntactic part of DOS is unimpaired in children with HFA and suggests problems with the pragmatic part.

scholarly journals Interpersonal communication, voting behaviour and influence in an election campaign: The 2009 German elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Mancosu
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

Interpersonal influence—the process by which people change their idea according to the ideas of others—is a crucial mechanism that forges political agreement among citizens. By using data from the 2009 German Longitudinal Election Study short-term campaign panel, it will be tested how this strategy contributes to changing citizens’ ideas in the proximity of the 2009 Bundestag elections in Germany. Results of fixed-effect logistic regression models confirm the findings in previous literature, showing evidences consistent with influence effects. It is also suggested that the social circle of discussants alters the way in which people are influenced. Propensities to change vote choice, in fact, are boosted by the exposure to disagreeable strong ties, such as relatives and spouse/partner.

scholarly journals Predisposed to Volunteer? Personality Traits and Different Forms of Volunteering

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1142
Author(s):  
Kathrin Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we evaluate the psychological basis of different forms of volunteering. To date, our knowledge about the relationship between personality and volunteering as an important facet of the social fabric is limited. Applying the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Big Five), we scrutinize this relationship in a comprehensive manner. We consider formal and informal volunteering as well as online volunteering as a new form of social participation. Empirically, we analyze a representative population sample of Switzerland using logistic regression models. We find that extraversion is the most consistent driver of volunteering. The effects of the remaining traits differ across the forms of volunteering. Additional analyses indicate that situational factors may moderate these relationships.

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