scholarly journals Variability of soil properties in an intensively cultivated experimental field

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gałka ◽  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Józef Sowiński ◽  
Justyna Jakubiec
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Plough Layer

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine whether long-term intensive cultivation that used variable ploughing and fertilisation technologies and schemes influences the differentiation of soil properties which may impact the results of growing experiments in a relatively small experimental field (0.1 ha). The field under study is located in Wrocław, in an agricultural experimental station that has been operating for more than 60 years. A transformation of rusty gleyic soils (Brunic Gleyic Arenosols) into anthropogenic black earths (Gleyic Phaeozems (Arenic)) was noticed. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen, pH and the content of exchangeable base cations in the plough layer were positively (statistically and spatially) correlated and their increased values were observed in soils with a deeper and darker plough level. The present differentiation of the physical and chemical properties of soils in the experimental field do not result from such primary soil-forming factors as a kind and texture of parent material, topography, moisture regime, or (micro-)climatic conditions, which are not differentiated within the field, but from various intensity of former cultivation on individual sections of the experimental field. The variability cśfficient of the crucial soil properties was found to exceed 30%, which might significantly influence the results of micro-plot vegetation experiments.

scholarly journals Effects of geological formations and topography on the evolution and diversity of soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 476-789
Author(s):  
Hengameh Javadi ◽  
Reza Sokouti ◽  
Ebrahim Pazira ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Massihabbadi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geological Formations

Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.

ESTIMATION OF THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE YAROSLAVSK REGION AND TRENDS OF THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES FOR A 30-YEAR POST AGROGENIC PERIOD BASED ON THE SOIL- ECOLOGICAL INDEX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Rusakov ◽  
Yulia Simonova ◽  
Aleksandr Ryumin ◽  
A. Popov ◽  
Natalya Lemeshko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Parent Rocks

The assessment of the agricultural production potential of the soils of the former arable lands was carried out on the basis of the updated soil-ecological index. It was revealed that among the agrosoils of Poshekhonsk district, soils with 20-39 points prevail, which generally indicates low and medium levels of potential soil fertility in the studied area in the late perestroika period. Comparison of morphological and genetic properties of soils for the period 1988-1990 and for 2019 showed the trends of their evolutionary changes. Multidirectional trends in the transformation of soil properties, developed on a contrasting lithogenic parent rocks, with a change in land use during the last 30-35-year period have been established. In loamy soils, stable hydromorphism features are observed everywhere, degradation processes prevail, expressed in dehumification, a sharp depletion of mobile forms of mineral nutrition elements of plants and, in some cases, acidification of humus postagrogenic horizons. It has been established that fallow soils on loamy parent material are characterized by a noticeable (by 1.1-1.9 times) decrease in the values of soil-ecological index in comparison with their arable state. On the contrary, in soils of light particle size distribution, the dominant processes are due to an increase in humus content and a decrease in acidity. The specificity of postagrogenic evolution and the emergence of new soil properties should be taken into account when performing soil-agroecological assessments and forecasting agricultural production potential against the background of changed climatic conditions.

Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Soil Catenas on Pinedale and Bull Lake Moraine Slopes in the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Film Development ◽  
Pedogenic Processes

AbstractMorphological and chemical properties of soils developed on moraines of granitic composition, and forested with lodgepole pine, in Bear Valley, Idaho, change significantly with age and slope position. Soil development on Pinedale and Bull Lake moraine slopes of similar curvature and steepness was assessed at the summits, shoulders, backslopes, and footslopes of both catenas, and at the toeslope of the Bull Lake catena. Many soil properties show trends in development with both age and slope position. These properties include clay content, clay film development, color, plagioclase weathering, and dithionite-citrate-extractable iron (Fed). The degree of development of all these properties is greater on the Bull Lake catena relative to that on the Pinedale catena. This trend reflects increased soil development with age. On both catenas, development of soil properties is commonly highest at the footslope or toeslope sites and minimum at the backslope site. Downslope changes are attributed to both colluviation and pedogenic processes, including sorting of sediments during downslope transport, greater accumulation of eolian materials transported to downslope sites by surface processes, and greater in situ weathering of mineral grains at the footslope and toeslope sites.

scholarly journals Effects of Management Practices on Soil Properties and Plant Nutrition in Hay Meadows in Picos de Europa

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Judith Álvarez ◽  
Elías Afif ◽  
Tomás E. Díaz ◽  
Laura García ◽  
Jose A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Fertilization and mowing affects the physico-chemical properties of soils, as well as the characteristics of the plants growing on them. Changes in the management techniques are causing semi-natural grasslands to disappear all over Europe. These grasslands host a great amount of diversity, thus their conservation is a top priority. This work studies whether the kind of management has an influence on the soil properties and the foliar content in macronutrients in 25 hay meadows located in Picos de Europa (10 in Asturias, 10 in Castilla y León and 5 in Cantabria). Soils at a 0–20 cm depth showed a high content of organic matter and a low C/N ratio. Effective cation exchange capacity was adequate for a texture, which varied from sandy clay loam to loam, with an average clay content of 17%. Mean values of foliar nutrient concentrations showed a deficiency in K. In this study, management practices were shown to affect some properties of the soils, namely pH, sand percentage and exchangeable K and Ca, to different extents. The highest values of pH and exchangeable Ca were significantly correlated with the least intensive management.

scholarly journals Factors of Variation of Soil Chemical Properties in Metalliferous Ecosystems of Tenke-Fungurume, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kaya Muyumba ◽  
E. Ilunga wa Ilunga ◽  
M.-P. Faucon ◽  
G. Mahy ◽  
A. Liénard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Metric Variation

Our study aimed at deepen our understanding of relationships between soil properties and vegetation distribution in metalliferous ecosystems of Tenke-Fungurume in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The first question concerned the differences and similarities between soils of the main vegetation units and four variation factors of soil properties were summarized by multivariate analysis. They were all linked to lithology and significantly contributed to explain the distribution of vegetation units. Our result suggest that the variation of soil properties which is observed within the various vegetation units (rocky steppe savanna, sward, and steppe savannas on slope or on Dembo) should partially be attributed to differences of geochemical composition of rocks between sites but the main source of variability is to be found inside each hill. The soil contamination in Cu and Co originates from rock weathering and besides site effect and topographic distribution of the rocks, the variability of soil properties within one vegetation unit may be due to variability of soil parent material and not only to erosion. The second question dealt with the changes of soil properties at small distances. Metric variation was studied from transects between adjacent vegetation units. Our results showed that the abrupt changes of vegetation units which were clearly identified on the field were all truly explained by the variations of one or more properties linked to lithology. The key point being the Cu bioavailability.

scholarly journals Variability of some soil properties along a toposequence in a basaltic parent material of Vom, Plateau State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Topography influences the distribution of some soil physical and chemical properties. This study assessed some variation in soil properties resulting from the topographic effect on Basaltic parent material at Vom Jos Plateau State in the Southern Guinea zone of Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at an interval of 20m and at depths of 0 to15cm and 15 to 30cm, parceled, labeled and taken to the laboratory for analysis of the selected for analysis. The results from the study revealed that variations in soil properties along the landscape segments were probably due to their positions toposequence characteristics in soils. Clay, silt and gravel contents varied moderately (CV = 22.9, 15.42 and 32.55% respectively), while sand did not vary much (CV = 8.47%). Organic carbon showed high variability (CV = 38.08%) while soil pH in (H2O and CaCl2) showed less spatial variability (with CV = 4.91 and 6.45% respectively). Available phosphorus has high variability (CV = 37.59%). Magnesium, K and Ca showed high spatial variability (CV = 42.60, 35.85, and 35.84% respectively), while Na and exchange acidity were moderately variable (CV = 24.39 and 24.27% respectively). Generally, some of the soil chemical properties were varied with topographic positions.

Spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties in a lowland tropical moist forest, Panama

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Yavitt ◽  
K. E. Harms ◽  
M. N. Garcia ◽  
S. J. Wright ◽  
F. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Moist Forest

We evaluated spatial heterogeneity for pH and a comprehensive set of nutrient and trace elements in surface (0–0.1 m depth) and subsurface (0.3–0.4 m depth) soils across 26.6 ha of old-growth, lowland, tropical moist forest, established on a highly weathered soil in Panama. Little is known about spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil properties in tropical forest soils. Soil was moderately acidic (pH 5.28) with low concentrations of exchangeable base cations (13.4 cmolc/kg), Bray-extractable PO4 (2.2 mg/kg), KCl-extractable NO3 (5.0 mg/kg), and KCl-extractable NH4 (15.5 mg/kg). The coefficient of variation for soil properties ranged from 24% to >200%, with a median value of 84%. Geostatistical analysis revealed spatial dependence at a scale of 10–100 m for most of the soil properties; however, pH, NH4, Al, and B had spatial dependence at a scale up to 350 m. Best-fit models to individual variograms included random, exponential, spherical, Gaussian, linear, and power functions, indicating many different spatial patterns among the set of soil properties. Correlation among individual elements was poor, indicating independent patterns. Our results show complex spatial patterns in soil chemical properties and provide a basis for future investigations on soil–plant relationships and soil nutrient niche differentiation.

scholarly journals Soil Microbes are Shaped by Soil Physico-chemical Properties: A Brief Review of Existing Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Debarshi Dasgupta ◽  
G. P. Brahmaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Structure And Functions

Soil consists of very complex, inter-related community of microorganisms which interact with one another and with plants and animals, forming a complex web of biological activity. The microbes determine health and potential of soil to perform a multitude of ecosystem processes, which depend on the community composition and functioning. The microbial community structure and functions in soil are influenced by physico-chemical properties of soils. Abiotic controls like surrounding climate, environment, land use, nutrients, pH and rhizosphere control the composition of microbes in soil, which in turn modify soil properties. In this review, we investigate the existing body of research exploring studies which have explored how microbes are shaped by soil properties.

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