scholarly journals Effect of forest fire on changes in the content of total and available forms of selected heavy metals and catalase activity in soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Bartkowiak ◽  
Joanna Lemanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Ward Clustering ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Copper Lead

Abstract The aim of the paper was to assess the effect of forest fire on the content of total and available forms of zinc, copper, lead, nickel and cadmium, as well as the activity of catalase in soil. The study was performed directly (2012) and a year after the fire (2013). The fire had a significant effect on the content of those heavy metals in surface horizons, however, it did not result in their rapid growth. The concentrations of total forms of metals did not exceed the norms provided for in Regulation of the Polish Minister of the Environment. The soil samples analysed can be considered unpolluted with those metals. The availability coefficients calculated showed an unfavourable higher availability of lead and cadmium over zinc and copper. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of fire on the activity of catalase. Resistance of soil (RS) for catalase demonstrated lower values in the year 2012 as compared with 2013 (except for B soil). The calculated values of time index (TI) pointed to the activation of the enzyme a year after the fire. The Ward clustering method facilitated determining similarities between the sites in two research years (2012 and 2013) with the selected soil parameters. With the PCA method a negative effect of fire was identified.

scholarly journals The efficiency of some bioagent fungi in reduction of wheat seed decay and seedling damping-off disease with heavy metals interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qusai Madhi ◽  
MOHAMMED HAMZA ABASS ◽  
ABDULNABI ABDUL AMEER MATROOD
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract. Madhi QH, Abass MH, Matrood AAA. 2021. The efficiency of some bioagent fungi in reduction of wheat seed decay and seedling damping-off disease with heavy metals interaction. Biodiversitas 22: 3984-3993. Biological control is an ecofriendly efficient measurement for disease control and heavy metals reduction in soils. The use of bioagent fungi such as Trichoderma koningii and Chaetomum globosum reduced the negative effect of pathogenic fungi that cause seed decay and the seedlings damping off wheat alone or by interaction with the concentrations of lead or cadmium, which increases the germination percentage of wheat seeds and reducing seedling damping off. It also reduced the severity index of wheat with pathogenic fungi and reduced the negative effect of interaction between heavy metals and pathogenic fungi on the severity index of the wheat.  Results showed that T. koningii and C. globosum reduced the effect of the interaction of R. solani with 200 mg/kg lead to 57.7 and 55.4%, respectively and R. solani and cadmium 3 mg/kg with 60 and 61.6%, respectively. T. koningii and C. globosum also reduced the effect of the interaction  F.solani with lead 200 mg/kg to 45.4 and 48.5%, respectively and  F. solani and cadmium 3 mg/kg to 46.8 and 52.5% respectively. The bioagent fungi also increased the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system, T. koningii significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of shoot in the presence of R. solani. The results also indicated that there was a high significant difference in the use of C. globosum in increasing the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. T. koningii and C. globosum significantly reduced the effect of interaction between the pathogenic fungi and low concentrations of lead and cadmium leading to an increase in the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. They also increased the plant height in the presence of pathogenic fungi as well as reducing the negative effect of the interaction between heavy metals and pathogenic fungi in the height of wheat plants. No significant interaction was observed between the low concentrations of lead and cadmium and pathogenic fungi in the presence of bioagent fungi. The results exhibited that bioagent fungi can reduce the negative effect of interaction of pathogenic fungi with lead and cadmium on the total phenols content of wheat leaves, and no significant difference was recorded in the treatment of low concentrations with the pathogenic fungi. Results showed that bioagent fungi can reduce the negative effect of the interaction of pathogenic fungi with lead and cadmium on the total phenols content of wheat plant leaves. No significant differences were recorded in the treatment of low concentrations with the pathogenic fungi in the presence of bioagent fungi. The two bioagent fungi increased the concentration of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids reduced anthocyanin in leaves, and increased chlorophyll stability index compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING THE CULINARY PROCESSING OF MUSHROOMS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Oksana Vradiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Copper Lead

The samples of mushrooms were collected in the forestry of the village Tyvriv and the town of Kalynivka, Vinnytsia and Kalynivka districts, in the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies of heavy metals concentration were performed in the scientific agrochemical laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd of the studied mushrooms were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry after the dry mineralization. The research of the effect of culinary processing on the concentration of heavy metals in mushrooms were conducted according to the following scheme: 1. The control: mushrooms, cleaned and washed with tap water; 2. Option 1: mushrooms soaked in tap water for 3 hours and boiled in it; 3. Option 2: mushrooms soaked in the water without mineral residue for 3 hours and boiled in it; 4. Option 3: mushrooms soaked in distilled water for 3 hours and boiled in it. Summarizing the obtained results, it should be noted that the most effective way to reduce the concentration of lead and cadmium in mushrooms was the option of soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue. The most effective way to reduce the concentration of zinc and copper was Option 3, where distilled water was used. The influence of soaking and boiling mushrooms in different types of water is investigated. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in tap water for 3 hours, the concentration of zinc in them was found to decrease from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.0 to 1.2 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.09 to 1.16 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.16 to 1.25 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.8 to 2.0 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.75 to 2.0 times. When soaking mushrooms and boiling them in distilled water, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.13 to 1.18 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.2 to 1.29 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.22 to 1.28 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. Key words: mushrooms, concentration, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, distilled water, water without mineral residue, tap water, boiling of mushrooms.

CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PLANTS OF PETROPAVLOVSK-KAMCHATSKY (KAMCHATKA TERRITORY) IN 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
V.G. Avdoshchenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Klimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Alnus Hirsuta ◽  
Copper Lead

Results of determining the content of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in the leaves of Alnus hirsuta, Artemi-sia vulgaris kamtschatica, Betula ermanii, Rosa amblyotis, Salix udensis collected from the territories of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 2017–2018 summer period are discussed. In the summer of 2017, the copper content in the plants from studied areas varied in the range from 5.5 to 22.5 mg/kg, in 2018 – from 7.7 to 36.6 mg/kg. Its highest content in 2017 and 2018 was found in A. vulgaris, and the lowest in R. amblyotis. In 2017, the concentration of zinc varied from 12.9 to 281 mg/kg, in 2018 – from 20.8 to 246 mg/kg, the high-est concentration in 2017 and 2018 is typical for S. udensis, the lowest for R. amblyotis. In 2017, the range of lead content in plant samples was from 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg, in 2018 – from 1.2 to 3.8 mg/kg. In the summer of 2017, the cadmium content in studied plant samples varied in the range from 0.2 to 2.7 mg/kg, in 2018 – from 0.1 to 3.6 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of cadmium was found in 2017 in R. amblyotis, in 2018 – B. ermanii, the highest in the leaves of S. udensis in 2017 and 2018. Our results allowed identifying species – indicators of metal pollution for the territories of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: A. vulgaris kamtschatica from the representatives of the herbaceous-shrub layer and S. udensis from the tree layer.

scholarly journals SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE LARIX SUKACZEWII DYL. STAND IN THE POLLUTION CONDITIONS OF THE STERLITAMAK INDUSTRIAL CENTER: STATUS AND PECULIARITIES OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafak Kh. Giniyatullin ◽  
A. A. Kulagin ◽  
G. A. Zaitsev ◽  
Z. B. Baktybaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Industrial Center ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
Absorbing Roots

Introduction. Materials on the distribution of heavy metals in the organs of Larix sukaczewii Dyl are presented in the conditions of the pollution of the industrial center of Sterlitamak. Material and methods. Using the atomic absorption method, the content of copper, lead, and cadmium in the soil cover, needles, branches, and roots was determined in healthy and weakened larch trees. Results. Under conditions of the industrial pollution, the relative life condition of larch stands is estimated as «weakened» (LN = 74.25%), in the control zone as «healthy» (LN = 84.75%). Weakened trees with increasing metal concentrations in soils and roots show an increase in the concentration of metals in the aerial organs, and in healthy trees, it is more deposited in the roots. Discussion. The high content of heavy metals in the soil leads to a redistribution of the root-saturation of the soil with absorbing roots, which is manifested in a decrease in the biomass of the roots in the upper, most contaminated soil layers, and also negatively affects the vital state of the trees by decreasing the density of the tree crown and increasing the share of dead and dying branches on the trunks. Conclusion. Under conditions of contamination, larch is able to actively absorb and deposit a significant amount of Cu, Cd, and Pb, thereby limiting their distribution in the environment.

Heavy metal pollution status in the sediment layer in World Heritage Site: Indian Sundarbans estuarine region

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Shankhadeep Chakraborty ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Estuarine Region ◽  
Copper Lead

Heavy metals have a great ecological significance due to their toxicity and accumulative behavior. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in 12 stations in the UNESCO declared World Heritage Site- Indian Sundarbans estuarine region (i.e Kakdwip, Harinbari, Chemaguri, Sagar South, Lothian island, Jambu island, Frasergunge, Gosaba, Chotomollakhali, Bali island, Sajnekhali and Bagmara) were calculated for the year 2016. The sediment pollution was investigated by following the concentration of 3 heavy metals namely copper, lead and cadmium. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for analysis. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) the results of all the 10 stations were analyzed and discussed in details.

scholarly journals Growth and ability of Senna alata in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-432
Author(s):  
Kelechi L. NJOKU ◽  
Omolola E. OJO ◽  
Anuoluwapo O. JOLAOSO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Senna Alata

The performance and impact of Senna alata on experimental heavy metal contaminated soil were investigated in this study. Soils in different pots were contaminated with different levels of lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium based on WHO limits for heavy metals. Seeds of S. alata were planted in the contaminated soils. The plant growth was studied for 60 days.  Some soil parameters and heavy metal contents of the soil were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. The leaf area, the plant height and the number of actively growing stems decreased with increase in the amount of each metal added to the soil. At 60 days, there was significant reduction (p<0.05) of the heavy metals due to the growth of S. alata compared to the soil without the plant. There was reduction in the total organic matter content and the pH of the soil, but the moisture content of the contaminated soils generally increased due to the growth of S. alata. There was a positive correlation (p = 0.918) between the percentage remediation and the bioaccumulation factor, suggesting that the remediation of the heavy metals by the plant mostly occurred through bioaccumulation. A positive correlation between the percentage reduction of the heavy metals and the reduction of pH of the soil noticed suggests that growth of S. alata leads to decrease in soil pH and will enhance the remediation of soil contaminated with the heavy metals. The findings of this study show that apart from the medicinal values of S. alata, it can be useful in remediation of heavy metal polluted soils which occurs mostly through phytoextraction.  

scholarly journals KONSENTRASI TIMBALDAN KADMIUM PADAORGAN IKAN DI SUAKA MARGASATWAGIAMSIAKKECIL, PROVINSI RIAU

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Husnah Husnah ◽  
Melfa Marini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fish Organs ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Logam berat seperti timbal dan kadmium merupakan material antropogenik yang sering ditemukan pada sedimen di rawa banjiran. Konsentrasi logam timbal dan kadmiun pada sedimen di rawa banjiran dapat merubah keragaman jenis biota dan ekosistemakibat akumulasi dan daya racunnya, dan bila logamtersebut ditemukan di SuakaMargasatwa GiamSiak Kecil yangmerupakan zona inti Cagar Biosfir GSK-BB maka model pengelolaan lahan dan pendekatan pembangunan berkelanjutannya perlu ditinjau ulang. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi logamtimbal dan kadmiumpada berbagai jenis organ dari berbagai jenis ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2010 di perairan danau rawa banjiran (Tasik Serai, Katialau, Betung danAir Hitam) dan badan utama Sungai Siak Kecil dalam kawasan SuakaMargasatwa Giam Siak Kecil. Contoh organ insang, jaringan otot, ginjal dan hati berbagai jenis ikan diambil dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan berbagai alat tangkap dan diawetkan pada suhu kurang dari 4oC. Konsentrasi logam timbal dan kadmium pada sedimen juga diambil pada stasiun pengamatan yang sama dengan menggunakan Ekman grab. Logamtimbal dan kadmiumsebagian besar ditemukan pada organ insang, ginjal, dan hati ikan pada berbagai jenisikan. Konsentrasi timbal pada organ tersebut telah melebihi batas maksimum yang ditetapkan oleh FAO yaitu lebih dari 0.5 mg/kg berat basah dan BPOM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89 yaitu kurang dari 2 mg/kg sedangkan kadmium dengan konsentrasi lebih dari 0.05 mg/kg berat basah menurut FAO dan lebih dari 0.02 mg/kg berat basah menurut BPOM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89. Pengelolaan Suaka Margasatwa Giam Siak Kecil dan CagarBiosfir Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu belum dapat melindungi biota khususnya sumberdaya ikan di perairan tersebut. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari faktor antropogenik logam berat dari berbagai kegiatan di sekitar kawasan luar Cagar Biosfir GSK-BB perlu dipertimbangkan kembali upaya untuk melibatkan juga masyarakat lokal dan perusahaan yang sumberdaya alamdisekitar kawasan luar Cagar Biosfir GSK-BB dalampengelolaannya. Lead and cadmium are commonly antrophogenic substances recorded in floodplain sediment and this could influence fish health and diversity due to their accumulation and toxicities. The presence of high concentration of these heavy metals in sediment and fish organs of Giam Siak Kecil wild animal reserve as the core area of Giam Siak Kecil – Bukit Batu (GSK-BB) Natural Biosphere could influence their management model and sustainaible development approach. Study in order to know accumulation of lead and cadmium in fish organs of Giam Siak KecilWild Animal Reserve floodplain of Riau Province was conducted in June to August 2010. Fifteen sampling sites in Giam Siak Kecil floodplain were set up by using purposive random sampling based on microhabitat difference. Different fish organs (fish gill, tissue, and lever) from different fish species were collected from fishermen catch using different fishing gears and preserved with 4% of Formaldehyde solution. The result revealed that most of fish organs from different fish species contained lead and cadmium with concentration exceeded the acceptable limit permitted by FAO and Indonesian National Drug and Food Agency. It indicated that the presence of GiamSiak KecilWild Animal Reserves has not protected the animal yet specially aquatic organism such as fish. To reduce the negative effect of antrophogenic heavy metals from activities around the animal reserve, there should be considered more to involved local people and stakeholder utilized the natural around the wild animal reserve in its management.

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