Political and Economic Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions – a Quantitative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-341
Author(s):  
Ole Martin Lægreid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis study examines whether there is a curve linear relationship between economic development and greenhouse gas emissions, where poor and rich countries have low emissions while middle-income countries have high emissions. This is a controversial argument that suggests that persistent economic growth is the best means for achieving considerable emission reductions. The study contributes with new knowledge about the causes of variations in greenhouse gas emissions, by analyzing data for greenhouse gas emissions and testing economic explanations in relation to a broad array of political explanations. As the study demonstrates, there is a curve linear relationship between the level of economic development and greenhouse gas emissions, but the turning point – where a higher level of economic development starts to produce lower rather than higher emission levels – is far higher than previously thought. Among the study’s sample of countries, only the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland have experienced a sufficiently high level of economic development in order for increased wealth to result in lower emissions. Among the political impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, the study indicates that countries with consensual political systems produce lower emission levels than countries where the separation of powers is more centralized. A more robust “green” civil society leads to lower emissions in countries where the democratic system is functioning well, and ambitious targets regarding reduction of emissions in the Kyoto Protocol also seems to lower emissions.

scholarly journals Comprehensive approach to the strategy of low-carbon socio-economic development of Russia

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Porfiriev ◽  
A. Shirov ◽  
A. Kolpakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article discusses the key risks of implementing a strategy for long-term socio-economic development of Russia with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the climate agenda has been the most important driver of structural shifts in the world economy and is viewed by leading countries as a factor in intensifying economic growth and consolidating their technological leadership at the global level. In this context, Russia’s efforts to reduce its carbon footprint without direct import of low-carbon technologies and equipment from developed countries will run into non-recognition (of the carbon sink by Russian forests and carbon-free nature of nuclear and large hydro power plants) and increase in requirements for even more radical reduction in emissions. At the same time, Russia is already making a significant contribution to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. The article provides a list of measures that should underlie a balanced national climate policy. The strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions should provide for a balance between solving the problems of preserving the population, improving the quality of its life, and ensuring dynamic and inclusive economic growth in the country. Russia’s potential announcement of commitments to unequivocally achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century carries serious risks to national interests. Instead, a more flexible language should be used to strive for carbon neutrality.

scholarly journals Forecast estimation of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the use of coal in the economy of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
O.Ye. Malyarenko ◽  
◽  
N.Yu. Maistrenko ◽  
G.G Panchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eu Directive

This paper is devoted to the study of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the predicted use of coal for the future, which is projected in the economic development of Ukraine until 2040. We analyzed the directions of present-day and promising use of coal in Ukraine according to the scenarios of its economic development with regard for the expected changes in its structure and volumes of technological energy saving for major consumers. The complexity of approach lies in taking into account the relations between economic, environmental, and energy challenges and constraints, i.e., determining the projected demand for coal takes into account the artificial restriction of access to energy resources in eastern Ukraine due to hostilities, restructuring the economy for military needs, and limited access to natural gas deposits as an alternative fuel in the Black Sea. The key issue in forecasting the demand for coal remains the maximally possible replacement of coal deficit by other, more affordable fuels (other brands of coal). It is important that Ukraine has acceded to the EU Directive on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and developed a National Plan to Reduce Emissions from Large Combustion Plants. Taking into account the assertions of this Directive, we determined the options of forecasted demand for electricity, heat and coal by 2040 in the country, aggregated economic activities, and for the population in the conservative scenario and calculated the forecasts of greenhouse gas emissions from using coal by consumer groups according to these options. With the introduction of technically possible volumes of technological energy saving in such sections of the economy as Agriculture, Transport, and Other economic activities, there will be an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from coal use, which are in significant relative to emissions in the industrial sector and the country as a whole. In the section Energy (Electricity supply, Water supply, etc.), the growth of coal consumption is caused by the predicted structure of electricity generating capacities, which is presented in the publication [5]. However, in the Mining and Processing Industry, a significant reduction of these emissions is expected, and, in the country as a whole by 2040, the total reduction will reach at least 3466 thousand tons of CO2-eq. at using coal. Keywords: demand, coal, structure of economy, technological potential of energy saving, greenhouse gas emissions

scholarly journals Pengaruh Deforestasi Dan Tingkat Kebakaran Hutan Terhadap Tingkat Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sri Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Data Source ◽  
High Level

This study aims to determine the effect of the area of Forest Fire and Deforestation Figures on Green House Gas Emission Level. This study uses descriptive quantitative research, with statistical analytical methods. The data source is processed with the Importance-Performance Analysis, so that the area can be used as a reference in reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions. The provinces of South Kalimantan, South Sumatra and Papua are areas prone to fires which are suspected not to be affected by the high level of Indonesia's deforestation within and outside the Forest Zone, but there may be other factors that play a role in the emergence of the forest fires. It is suspected that among the factors that can be a trigger factor for high levels of forest fires that are directly related to the increase in the number of greenhouse gas emissions, namely the distribution of the peat deposits.

scholarly journals Global Warming Policy: A Public Finance Perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Poterba
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
International Policies

In the last few years, a substantial volume of research has considered the design of taxes to slow greenhouse gas emissions as well as the economic effects of such policies. In this paper, I summarize the insights that have emerged from this work. I begin by explaining that while efficiency considerations create a presumption for using coordinated international policies to alter greenhouse gas emissions, the prospects for such action are bleak. Then I focus on the public finance of carbon taxes at the national level, considering the design of such taxes as well as their incidence across and within nations. Next, I focus on greenhouse gas emission policies that could be enacted in less-developed countries, such as the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and other policies to slow deforestation. Finally I suggest several promising directions for future study.

scholarly journals Impact of Sustainable Financial and Economic Development on Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Developed and Converging Economies

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziolo ◽  
Kluza ◽  
Spoz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Relationship

Several studies have examined the relationship between environmental performance and economic development. However, most of them did not take sustainable development and financial development into account. The study argues that sustainable financial and economic development contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We use the panel data regression model to capture the relationship between greenhouse gas emission and sustainable economic and financial development. The panel data refers to the period of 2007–2017. The EU 25 countries were analysed. The results show that the relationship between sustainable financial development and environmental degradation is more relevant for converging economies than developed countries. We found that the variable “energy productivity” has the strongest impact on greenhouse gas emissions for both country groups (converging and developed); however, it increases for developed countries and it decreases the greenhouse gas emissions for converging economies. We also found that environmental taxes are an efficient instrument that mitigates greenhouse gas emissions, especially in developed countries group.

scholarly journals Assessing the prospects for sustainable development in the context of a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
N. G. Gadzhiev ◽  
N. A. Murzak ◽  
A. Е. Mitenkova ◽  
О. V. Skripkina ◽  
S. A. Konovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Aim. The article aims to study the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions as they depend on the type and structure of economic activity in the Russian Federation (RF); to identify the impact of the pandemic and its consequences on the energy sector development and to justify the need to switch to renewable energy to ensure the sustainable economic development of Russia.Materials and Methods. In the process of conducting this study, statistical methods of analysis, system analysis method and the comparative method of analysis were used.Results. The results of the study have confirmed the need to switch to renewable energy in order to ensure the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment (each unit of energy generated by RES will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50‐200 %). The reason is that the economy sector accounts for almost 79% of such emissions, which makes the transition to renewable energy relevant to ensuring the sustainable economic development of Russia.Conclusion. Achievement of the internationally recognized Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 7 «Ensuring Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy Sources for All» in the context of a pandemic and its consequences necessitates energy sector reform. This could be achieved by increasing the share of renewable energy in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the environment and, accordingly, to prevent further climate change, one of the main causes of not only environmental but also of economic damage. 

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Lapinskienė ◽  
Kęstutis Peleckis ◽  
Marijus Radavičius
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Emissions

The paper analyses the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between greenhouse gases and main aspects of economic development based on the panel data of 20 countries of the EU, including the data of three Baltic States, in the period 1995–2011. The fixed effect panel model was used as a framework for the analysis. The commonly used models confirmed the presence of the inverse U-shaped relationship. The novel contribution of this paper is that the factor referring to the global financial crisis was tested in expanded EKC model. Higher energy taxes, primary production of nuclear heat and R&D decrease the level of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The size of agriculture, industry and construction, as well as the primary production of solid fuels have a positive sign, which means that a higher value of these indicators is associated with a higher level of GHG. This implies that the analysed set of factors can be applied to adjust the EKC trend in the region and might be useful for the climate change policy adjustment.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects of economical development: issues of forecast greenhouse gas emissions in road transport in Europe and regions of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leontiy Eder ◽  
Irina Filimonova ◽  
Vasily Nemov ◽  
Anna Komarova ◽  
Kirill Sablin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Environmental Component

Environmental aspects are an essential part of economic development. Improvement of the environmental situation can have a significant impact on the pace and structure of economic development. For environmental component, it is important to analyze the current state and predict greenhouse gas emissions. The development of methodological approaches in this area will allow for more detailed forecasting of the situation. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, European countries have set targets for efficiency of energy consumption and widespread use of renewable energy sources, which they have achieved and become world leaders in using them. By 2020, the goal is set for energy consumption to be at least 20% from renewable sources. According to the forecast on average, in 2040 the share of oil products in the structure of fuel consumption in road transport in Europe will be reduced to 80%. Nevertheless, in the countries of Europe, various trends in the field of greenhouse gas emissions are expected. Most countries have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion on road vehicles. In Russia, emissions from vehicles are projected to reduce by 8% by 2040.

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