Lipoxygenases in Plants -Their Role in Development and Stress Response

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rosahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Wound Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites ◽  
Lox Products

Abstract Lipoxygenases catalyze the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus the first step in the synthesis of fatty acid metabolites in plants. Products of the LOX pathway have multiple functions as growth regulators, antimicrobial compounds, flavours and odours as well as signal molecules. Based on the effects of LOX products or on the correlation of increases in LOX protein and the onset of specific processes, a physiological function for LOXs has been proposed for growth and development and for the plant response to patho­gen infection and wound stress.

scholarly journals Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. H903-H918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie P. B. Caligiuri ◽  
Mihir Parikh ◽  
Aleksandra Stamenkovic ◽  
Grant N. Pierce ◽  
Harold M. Aukema
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites

Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.

scholarly journals Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara H. Zirnheld ◽  
Dennis R. Warner ◽  
Jeffrey B. Warner ◽  
Josiah E. Hardesty ◽  
Craig J. McClain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites

scholarly journals Regulation of Candida albicans Morphogenesis by Fatty Acid Metabolites

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 6206-6210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi C. Noverr ◽  
Gary B. Huffnagle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic dimorphic fungus that inhabits various host mucosal sites. Conversion from the yeast to the hyphal form has been associated with increased virulence and mucosal invasiveness. C. albicans morphogenesis is regulated by multiple signals and signaling pathways. However, signals that control morphogenesis in vivo are unknown. We investigated the effects of host long chain fatty acids, eicosanoids, and bacterial short chain fatty acids on control of germination. None of the C18 or C20 fatty acids tested had an effect on enhancing germ tube formation (arachidonic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, or γ-linolenic acid). Among the different eicosanoids, both prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 significantly enhanced serum-induced germination by C. albicans. Addition of antiprostaglandin or antithromboxane antibodies to serum alone inhibited germ tube formation by almost 30%, while control antibody had no effect, indicating that these eicosanoids are major morphogenic factors in the serum. Since these molecules also bind to albumin, this may also explain the hyphal transforming activity in serum that associates with albumin. Interestingly, short chain fatty acids (butyric acid), the product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), inhibited germination. In addition, LAB culture supernatants as well as live LAB also inhibited C. albicans morphogenesis. Overall, these results indicate that fatty acid metabolites and fatty acid pathways can up-regulate and down-regulate germination in C. albicans.

Plant Strategies To Control Growth And Development: Integration Of Both Signal Molecules, Auxin And Nitric Oxide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Irina Calderón Villalobos ◽  
María José Iglesias ◽  
María Cecilia Terrile ◽  
Claudia Casalongué
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Plant Strategies ◽  
Control Growth

Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-607
Author(s):  
Devanshi Khokhani ◽  
Cristobal Carrera Carriel ◽  
Shivangi Vayla ◽  
Thomas B. Irving ◽  
Christina Stonoha-Arther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Structural Polymer

Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.

PSVI-21 Fatty acid composition of blood lipids in lambs of different genotypes in ontogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Karpova ◽  
Ludmila Chizhova ◽  
Eugenia Surzhikova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Abstract The early period of postnatal ontogeny of sheep is characterized by a variety of metabolic processes that result in the formation and consolidation of a certain type of metabolism. A special role is played by lipids, which together with proteins and carbohydrates constitute the bulk of organic compounds, cells and the organism as a whole. The purpose of this research was to study the polymorphism of CAST and GH genes as well as its association with the fatty acid composition of blood plasma lipids in lambs. The content of fatty acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in the form of methyl esters. From the data obtained, it follows that in all studied ontogeny periods the peripheral blood of sheep with CASTNN and CASTMM genotypes had a higher concentration of fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids. The content is as follows: 27.58, 45.40, 3.16, 0.28% vs. 26.21, 45.31, 3.62, 0.18% at the age of 2 months; 25.07, 43.25, 6.05, 1.74% vs. 23.24, 38.76, 6.49, 1.32% at the age of 4 months; 20.64, 22.26, 14.17, 3.38% vs. 17.64, 19.91, 15.07, 2.46% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Studies of blood lipid composition of GHBBand GHAA genotype carriers showed that palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids were dominant: 27.95, 27.96, 19.04% vs. 26.08, 23.88, 17.56% at the age of 2 months, 46.87, 39.87, 22.37% vs. 3.24, 6.87, 15.56% at the age of 4 months; 0.45, 1.68, 3.81% vs. 0.29, 1.29, 3.19% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Thus, this study emphasizes that there is a close relationship between the ratio of fatty acids in total blood lipids in lambs and the intensity of growth and development, ensuring and controlling the direction of biochemical processes in the growth and development of young sheep.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Metabolites in Rapidly Proliferating Breast Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e63076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. O’Flaherty ◽  
Rhonda E. Wooten ◽  
Michael P. Samuel ◽  
Michael J. Thomas ◽  
Edward A. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites

scholarly journals Stimulation of follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does fed a flushing supplement of different polyunsaturated fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Prasetyo Nugroho ◽  
Komang Gede Wiryawan ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Wasmen Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles

Background and Aim: Flushing with the manipulation of fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, like linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the ration, is a strategy to raise the nutritional status of the female mammals to improve ovarian function and follicle development. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of flushing supplementation with different types of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in stimulating follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does with a low initial body condition score (BCS ≤2). Materials and Methods: Eighteen Ettawa Grade does in the second parity, with an average body weight of 32.11±2.19 kg, were divided into three groups according to the fatty acid supplemented to their ration: (i) About 2.8% lauric acid flushing (group); (ii) 2.8% linoleic acid flushing (LA group); and (iii) 2.8% a-linolenic acid flushing (ALA group). The ration was formulated to be isocaloric (total digestible nutrient = 77%) and isonitrogenous (crude protein = 15%). The experiment was conducted for 35 days; that is, 14 days for acclimatization and synchronization of the estrous cycle and 21 days for fatty acid flushing until the appearance of the next estrus. A completely randomized design was applied. Results: According to the results, none of the different fatty acids in the ration affected the nutrient intakes, BCSs, average daily gains, and plasma glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations of the three groups of does. However, the BCSs (by 0.8-0.9) and the plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher after fatty acid flushing for 21 days than before the flushing period. The ALA group had the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles, whereas the LAURIC group had the highest plasma estradiol concentration during estrus. All three groups had similar plasma progesterone concentrations during estrus after fatty acid flushing. Conclusion: Flushing supplementation with 2.8% ALA from flaxseed oil gave the best results in terms of stimulating the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles in Ettawa Grade does.

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