Plant Strategies To Control Growth And Development: Integration Of Both Signal Molecules, Auxin And Nitric Oxide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Irina Calderón Villalobos ◽  
María José Iglesias ◽  
María Cecilia Terrile ◽  
Claudia Casalongué
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Plant Strategies ◽  
Control Growth

Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-607
Author(s):  
Devanshi Khokhani ◽  
Cristobal Carrera Carriel ◽  
Shivangi Vayla ◽  
Thomas B. Irving ◽  
Christina Stonoha-Arther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Structural Polymer

Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.

Lipoxygenases in Plants -Their Role in Development and Stress Response

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rosahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Wound Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolites ◽  
Lox Products

Abstract Lipoxygenases catalyze the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus the first step in the synthesis of fatty acid metabolites in plants. Products of the LOX pathway have multiple functions as growth regulators, antimicrobial compounds, flavours and odours as well as signal molecules. Based on the effects of LOX products or on the correlation of increases in LOX protein and the onset of specific processes, a physiological function for LOXs has been proposed for growth and development and for the plant response to patho­gen infection and wound stress.

scholarly journals Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zi-xin Xu ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Lan-ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Transduction Mechanism ◽  
Signal Transduction Mechanism ◽  
Nos Inhibitors

Although smoke-isolated karrikins (KAR1) could regulate secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, the signal transduction mechanism has not been reported. This study highlights the influence of KAR1 on tanshinone I (T-I) production in Salvia miltiorrhiza and the involved signal molecules. Results showed KAR1-induced generation of nitric oxide (NO), jasmonic acid (JA) and T-I in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root. KAR1-induced increase of T-I was suppressed by NO-specific scavenger (cPTIO) and NOS inhibitors (PBITU); JA synthesis inhibitor (SHAM) and JA synthesis inhibitor (PrGall), which indicated that NO and JA play essential roles in KAR1-induced T-I. NO inhibitors inhibited KAR1-induced generation of NO and JA, suggesting NO was located upstream of JA signal pathway. NO-induced T-I production was inhibited by SHAM and PrGall, implying JA participated in transmitting signal NO to T-I accumulation. In other words, NO mediated the KAR1-induced T-I production through a JA-dependent signaling pathway. The results helped us understand the signal transduction mechanism involved in KAR1-induced T-I production and provided helpful information for the production of S. miltiorrhiza hairy root.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Manrique-Gil ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
Isabel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.

Nitric Oxide and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Common Features Influencing Root Growth and Development

2007 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Molina‐Favero ◽  
Cecilia Mónica Creus ◽  
María Luciana Lanteri ◽  
Natalia Correa‐Aragunde ◽  
María Cristina Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Root Growth And Development

Nitric oxide augments fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. L1111-L1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Balasubramaniam ◽  
Anne M. Maxey ◽  
Brian W. Fouty ◽  
Steven H. Abman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
No Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell

Growth and development of the lung normally occur in the low oxygen environment of the fetus. The role of this low oxygen environment on fetal lung endothelial cell growth and function is unknown. We hypothesized that low oxygen tension during fetal life enhances pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) growth and function and that nitric oxide (NO) production modulates fetal PAEC responses to low oxygen tension. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of fetal (3%) and room air (RA) oxygen tension on fetal PAEC growth, proliferation, tube formation, and migration in the presence and absence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine (LNA), and an NO donor, S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Compared with fetal PAEC grown in RA, 3% O2 increased tube formation by over twofold ( P < 0.01). LNA treatment reduced tube formation in 3% O2 but had no affect on tube formation in RA. Treatment with SNAP increased tube formation during RA exposure to levels observed in 3% O2. Exposure to 3% O2 for 48 h attenuated cell number (by 56%), and treatment with LNA reduced PAEC growth by 44% in both RA and 3% O2. We conclude that low oxygen tension enhances fetal PAEC tube formation and that NO is essential for normal PAEC growth, migration, and tube formation. Furthermore, we conclude that in fetal cells exposed to the relative hyperoxia of RA, 21% O2, NO overcomes the inhibitory effects of the increased oxygen, allowing normal PAEC angiogenesis and branching. We speculate that NO production maintains intrauterine lung vascular growth and development during exposure to low O2 in the normal fetus. We further speculate that NO is essential for pulmonary angiogenesis in fetal animal exposed to increased oxygen tension of RA and that impaired endothelial NO production may contribute to the abnormalities of angiogenesis see in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

scholarly journals Molecular Traits and Functional Analysis of the CLAVATA3/Endosperm Surrounding Region-Related Small Signaling Peptides in Three Species of Gossypium Genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Lin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiugui Chen ◽  
Zhenting Sun ◽  
Xiulan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Multiple Sequence

The CLAVATA3/endosperm surrounding region-related (CLE) small peptides are a group of C-terminally encoded and post-translationally modified signal molecules involved in regulating the growth and development of various plants. However, the function and evolution of these peptides have so far remained elusive in cotton. In this study, 55, 56, and 86 CLE genes were identified in the Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium hirsutum genomes, respectively, and all members were divided into seven groups. These groups were distinctly different in their protein characteristics, gene structures, conserved motifs, and multiple sequence alignment. Whole genome or segmental duplications played a significant role in the expansion of the CLE family in cotton, and experienced purifying selection during the long evolutionary process in cotton. Cis-acting regulatory elements and transcript profiling revealed that the CLE genes of cotton exist in different tissues, developmental stages, and respond to abiotic stresses. Protein properties, structure prediction, protein interaction network prediction of GhCLE2, GhCLE33.2, and GhCLE28.1 peptides were, respectively, analyzed. In addition, the overexpression of GhCLE2, GhCLE33.2, or GhCLE28.1 in Arabidopsis, respectively, resulted in a distinctive shrub-like dwarf plant, slightly purple leaves, large rosettes with large malformed leaves, and lack of reproductive growth. This study provides important insights into the evolution of cotton CLEs and delineates the functional conservatism and divergence of CLE genes in the growth and development of cotton.

Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide modulate the NADPH-generating enzymatic system in higher plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Corpas ◽  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
José M Palma
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Tyrosine Nitration ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two key molecules in plant cells that participate, directly or indirectly, as regulators of protein functions through derived post-translational modifications, mainly tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation. These post-translational modifications allow the participation of both NO and H2S signal molecules in a wide range of cellular processes either physiological or under stressful circumstances. NADPH participates in cellular redox status and it is a key cofactor necessary for cell growth and development. It is involved in significant biochemical routes such as fatty acid, carotenoid and proline biosynthesis, and the shikimate pathway, as well as in cellular detoxification processes including the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR), or the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Plant cells have diverse mechanisms to generate NADPH by a group of NADP-dependent oxidoreductases including ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), and both enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, designated as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These enzymes consist of different isozymes located in diverse subcellular compartments (chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) which contribute to the NAPDH cellular pool. We provide a comprehensive overview of how post-translational modifications promoted by NO (tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation), H2S (persulfidation), and glutathione (glutathionylation), affect the cellular redox status through regulation of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.

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