Interaction of Elevated CO2 and Ozone Concentrations and Irrigation Regimes on Leaf Anatomy and Carbohydrate Status of Young Oak (Quercus petraea) Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 812-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schmitt ◽  
Annette Kußmaul ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

Young sessile oak (Quercus petraea) trees were exposed for one vegetation period in closed environmental chambers in a crossed factorial study on effects to varied CO2 concentrations, ozone concentrations and irrigation treatments. Elevated CO2 concentrations (ambient + 350 (μmol mol-1 ) caused a significant increase in biomass production, alterations in leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure as well as an increase in leaf starch content, as compared to ambient CO2 concentrations. The effects of elevated O3 concentrations and drought stress were far less distinct. The leaf starch content was influenced by CO2 and O3 in a synergistic manner

scholarly journals Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and drought stress on leaf water potential and growth in Caragana intermedia

Trees ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wang Xiao ◽  
Osbert J. Sun ◽  
Guang-Sheng Zhou ◽  
Jing-Zhu Zhao ◽  
Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Caragana Intermedia

scholarly journals Simulating Long-Term Development of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Plant Biomass, and Soil Moisture of a Temperate Grassland Ecosystem under Elevated Atmospheric CO2

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ralf Liebermann ◽  
Lutz Breuer ◽  
Tobias Houska ◽  
David Kraus ◽  
Gerald Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

The rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations have effects on the worldwide ecosystems such as an increase in biomass production as well as changing soil processes and conditions. Since this affects the ecosystem’s net balance of greenhouse gas emissions, reliable projections about the CO2 impact are required. Deterministic models can capture the interrelated biological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes under changing CO2 concentrations if long-term observations for model testing are provided. We used 13 years of data on above-ground biomass production, soil moisture, and emissions of CO2 and N2O from the Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) grassland experiment in Giessen, Germany. Then, the LandscapeDNDC ecosystem model was calibrated with data measured under current CO2 concentrations and validated under elevated CO2. Depending on the hydrological conditions, different CO2 effects were observed and captured well for all ecosystem variables but N2O emissions. Confidence intervals of ensemble simulations covered up to 96% of measured biomass and CO2 emission values, while soil water content was well simulated in terms of annual cycle and location-specific CO2 effects. N2O emissions under elevated CO2 could not be reproduced, presumably due to a rarely considered mineralization process of organic nitrogen, which is not yet included in LandscapeDNDC.

Lack of downregulation of photosynthesis in a tropical root crop, cassava, grown under an elevated CO2 concentration

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Fernández ◽  
Wilmer Tezara ◽  
Elizabeth Rengifo ◽  
Ana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

We evaluated the effects of an elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis and growth of cassava plants grown in open-top chambers with an adequate supply of water and N and a sufficient rooting volume. Cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz. cv. Motilona) showed higher photosynthetic rates (Pn) when grown and measured at elevated [CO2] (680 µmol mol-1) than when grown and measured at ambient [CO2] (480 µmol mol-1). No downregulation of photosynthesis due to elevated [CO2] was found, since carboxylation efficiency increased after 220 d in spite of a decrease in leaf soluble protein, Rubisco, and leaf N content. Soluble sugar and starch contents decreased with time under elevated [CO2], the decrease in starch content coinciding with the beginning of the increase in root mass. Canopy Pn by leaf area decreased with time under elevated [CO2] but, when canopy Pn was expressed by ground area, higher and constant rates were observed, suggesting a higher productivity in plants grown at elevated [CO2]. The absence of differences between growth [CO2] in root : shoot ratio observed suggests that elevated [CO2], while causing increases in the shoot as well as the root, did not affect the pattern of biomass allocation. Acclimation responses of gas exchange parameters changed during the experiment. The absence of downregulation of photosynthesis was associated with a decrease in leaf sugar and starch contents of plants grown at elevated [CO2], which suggests a favourable source/sink relationship.

scholarly journals Pearl millet growth and biochemical alterations determined by mycorrhizal inoculation, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseu G. Fabbrin ◽  
Yolanda Gogorcena ◽  
Átila F. Mogor ◽  
Idoia Garmendia ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important fodder and is a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in dry areas. Our objectives were to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and/or reduced irrigation on biomass production and levels of sugars and proteins in leaves of pearl millet and to test whether mycorrhizal inoculation could modulate the effects of these abiotic factors on growth and metabolism. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and water regime most influenced biomass of shoots and roots; however, their individual effects were dependent on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. At ambient CO2, mycorrhizal inoculation helped to alleviate effects of water deficit on pearl millet without significant decreases in biomass production, which contrasted with the low biomass of mycorrhizal plants under restricted irrigation and elevated CO2. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced water content in shoots, whereas reduced irrigation decreased water content in roots. The triple interaction between CO2, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and water regime significantly affected the total amount of soluble sugars and determined the predominant soluble sugars in leaves. Under optimal irrigation, elevated CO2 increased the proportion of hexoses in pearl millet that was not inoculated with AMF, thus improving the quality of this plant material for bioethanol production. By contrast, elevated CO2 decreased the levels of proteins in leaves, thus limiting the quality of pearl millet as fodder and primary source for cattle feed.

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