Antimicrobial Activity of Some Satureja Essential Oils

The genus Satureja is represented by fifteen species of which five are endemic and Satureja pilosa and S. icarica have recently been found as new records for Turkey. Aerial parts of the Satureja pilosa, S. icarica, S. boissieri and S. coerulea collected from different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified, and both antibacterial and antifungal bioassays were applied. Carvacrol (59.2%, 44.8%, 42.1%) was the main component in the oils of S. icarica, S. boissieri and S. pilosa, respectively. The oil of S. coerulea contained β-caryophyllene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.0%) as main constituents.

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Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Helichrysum Species from Tanzania

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2004-5-614 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (5-6) ◽

pp. 368-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Christos Bougatsos ◽

Olipa Ngassapa ◽

Deborah K. B. Runyoro ◽

Ioanna B. Chinou

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Components

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Helichrysum cymosum and H. fulgidum, from Tanzania, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of sixty-five compounds, representing 92.4% and 88.2% of the two oils, respectively, were identified. trans-Caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, p-cymene, spathulenol and β- bourbonene were found to be the main components. Furthermore, the oils were tested against six gram (±) bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. It was found that the oil of H. fulgidum exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while the oil of H. cymosum was not active at all.

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Blainvillea Rhomboidea (Asteraceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0600100510 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X0600100

Author(s):

Andreza Maria L. Pires ◽

Maria Rose Jane R. Albuquerque ◽

Edson P. Nunes ◽

Vânia M. M. Melo ◽

Edilberto R. Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Leaf Oil

The essential oils of Blainvellea rhomboidea (Asteraceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Initially, the essential oil from the aerial parts was investigated. From the 18 identified components, 5-indanol (14.5%) followed by p-cymen-8-ol (10.1%), β-caryophyllene (9.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.6%), limonene (8.6%), terpinolene (7.8%), and spathulenol (7.7%) were the major constituents. The oil was tested against seven bacterial strains and the results showed significant antimicrobial activity. As a consequence, the essential oils from leaves and from flowers were analyzed separately. The major constituents of the leaf oil were terpinolene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (19.2%), spathulenol (9.1%), caryophyllene oxide (7.4%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), while the oil of the flowers contained terpinolene (28.1%), 5-indanol (16.3%), p-cymen-8-ol (15.3%) and limonene (14.7%) as prevalent compounds. The oils were tested against the same bacterial strains and the flower oil was the more active. These results indicated that the components of the essential oil from flowers seem to be responsible for the activity.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Six Constituents of Essential Oil from Salvia

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-3-401 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (3-4) ◽

pp. 160-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Ali Sonboli ◽

Babak Babakhani ◽

Ahmad Reza Mehrabian

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Aerial Parts

The antimicrobial activity of three Salvia species, i.e. S. santolinifolia, S. hydrangea and S. mirzayanii, essential oils were investigated. The essential oils were obtained from the aerial parts of plants and analyzed by GC-MS. The main constituents of aforementioned species were α-pinene (72.4%), β-pinene (6.6%) and limonene (5.3%); β-caryophyllene (25.1%), 1,8-cineol (15.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.5%); α-terpinenyl acetate (22.6%), 1,8-cineol (21.2%) and linalool (8.9%), respectively. Bioassays exhibited that the property of the oil of S. myrzayanii was superior to others. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Salvia species may well be due to the presence of synergy between six tested compounds (linalool, 1,8-cineol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene and limonene) and other constituents of the oils with various degrees of antimicrobial activity. Among these, linalool and 1,8-cineol had the highest antimicrobial activity.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Cleome Spinosa

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500833 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Megil J. McNeil ◽

Roy B. R. Porter ◽

Lawrence A.D. Williams ◽

Lois Rainford

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Cleome Spinosa ◽

Fruit Oil

Five different essential oil extractions of the aerial parts of Cleome spinosa Jacq. were examined. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the whole aerial parts, aerial parts without flowers (fruit, leaves and stem), flowers, fruits and leaves have been examined by GC-FID and GC-MS. The chemical profiles of the oils reveal the dominance of oxygenated sesqui- and diterpenes, with the exception of the fruit oil, which contained a high content of fatty acids. The most abundant compounds from the whole aerial parts were ( Z)-phytol (31.3%), integerrimine (5.5%) and incensole (4.0%). The major compounds from the aerial portion without flowers were caryophyllene oxide (10.5%), (-)-spathulenol (7.5%) and Z-phytol (6.9%). In the flower oil, the main components were 7-α-hydroxy manool (23.8%), incensole (9.2%) and sclareol (8.7%). The chief constituents in the fruit oil were tetradecanoic acid (40.6%), ( Z)-phytol (6.58%) and sclareol (4.5%). In the leaf oil, ( Z)-phytol (19.5%), 7-α-hydroxy manool (6.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.36%) were the predominant compounds. Antimicrobial activity of the oil obtained from the whole aerial part was evaluated against nine microbial strains using a filter paper disc-diffusion method. The volatile oil showed moderate action against seven of the eight bacteria strains used, with significant inhibitory activity against Streptococcus pyogenes Group A when compared with the standard antibiotics, ampicillin and gentamicin. The fungus, Candida albicans was less sensitive to the essential oil. The oils showed moderate insecticidal activity against Cylas formicarius elegantalus, but possessed no antioxidant activity as indicated by the DPPH method. This represents the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from C. spinosa found in Jamaica and the in vitro antioxidant, insecticidal and antimicrobial potential of the oil from the aerial parts.

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Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1406

Author(s):

Rita Cava-Roda ◽

Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽

Antonio López-Gómez ◽

Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽

Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Cinnamon Bark ◽

E Coli ◽

Pure Compounds ◽

Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Several Cineole-Rich Western Australian Eucalyptus Essential Oils

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms6040122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 122 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fahad Aldoghaim ◽

Gavin Flematti ◽

Katherine Hammer

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Main Component ◽

Western Australian

Essential oils from the Western Australian (WA) Eucalyptus mallee species Eucalyptus loxophleba, Eucalyptus polybractea, and Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima and subsp. borealis were hydrodistilled from the leaves and then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in addition to a commercial Eucalyptus globulus oil and 1,8-cineole. The main component of all oils was 1,8-cineole at 97.32% for E. kochii subsp. borealis, 96.55% for E. kochii subsp. plenissima, 82.95% for E. polybractea, 78.78% for E. loxophleba 2, 77.02% for E. globulus, and 66.93% for E. loxophleba 1. The Eucalyptus oils exhibited variable antimicrobial activity determined by broth microdilution, with E. globulus and E. polybractea oils showing the highest activities. The majority of microorganisms were inhibited or killed at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 8.0% (v/v). Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were the least susceptible organisms, whilst Acinetobacter baumannii was the most sensitive. In conclusion, all oils from WA Eucalyptus species showed microorganism inhibitory activity, although this varied according to both the Eucalyptus species and the microorganism tested. These data demonstrate that WA Eucalyptus oils show activity against a range of medically important pathogens and therefore have potential as antimicrobial agents.

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Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i2.5560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Laila Nur Rohma ◽

Osfar Sjofjan ◽

M. Halim Natsir

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Activity Test ◽

Main Component

ABSTRAK Imbuhan pakan unggas dapat berasal dari bahan herbal yang mengandung berbagai komponen aktif yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan ternak.Temu putih dan jahe gajah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imbuhan pakan karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dan aktivitas antimikroba pada rimpang temu putih dan jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan in vitro menggunakan temu putih dan jahe gajah yang diolah menjadi bentuk ekstrak minyak atsiri temu putih dan jahe gajah sebagai materi uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri serta bentuktepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai materi uji aktivitas antimikroba. Komposisi minyak atsiri temu putih terdiri dari lima komponen penyusun dengan cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetat sebagai komponen utama. Komposisi minyak atsiri jahe gajah terdiri dari tujuh komponen dan benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-(CAS) ar-curcumene sebagai komponen utama. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada temu putih dan jahe gajah mempunyai peran dalam menghambat mikroba. Uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri menggunakan alat GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan. Hasil dari uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa temu putih dan jahe gajah dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. Campuran temu putih dan jahe gajah (1:1) menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan diameter zona hambat 5,70±0,14 mm (Escherichia coli) dan 6,88±0,45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Kata Kunci : antimikroba, fitobiotik, jahe gajah, minyak atsiri, temu putihABSTRACTThe poultry feed additives can contain herbal ingredients that contain various beneficial components for livestock growth. White turmeric and giant ginger can be used as feed additives because they contain essential oils that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the constituent components of essential oils and antimicrobial activity in white turmeric and giant ginger rhizomes. The study was carried out by in vitro experiments using white turmeric and giant ginger which were processed into the form of essential oil extract as material for the composition of essential oils test, and powder and encapsulation form as antimicrobial activity test material. The composition of essential oils of white turmeric consists of five constituent components with cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetate as the main component. The composition of giant ginger essential oil consists of seven components with benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS) ar-curcumene as the main component. Essential oils contained in the white turmeric and giant ginger have a role in inhibiting microbes. The composition of the essential oil tested using GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity test used the disc diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that white turmeric and giant ginger in powder and encapsulation form had significant differences (P <0.01) on antimicrobial activity in lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The mixture of white turmeric and giant ginger (1: 1) showed the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zone diameters of 5.70 ± 0.14 mm (Escherichia coli) and 6.88 ± 0.45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Keywords: antimicrobial, essential oil, giant ginger, phytobiotic, white turmeric

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Caryophyllene Oxide-rich Essential Oils of Lithuanian Artemisia campestris ssp. campestris and Their Toxicity

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000501232 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Asta Judzentiene ◽

Jurga Budiene ◽

Rita Butkiene ◽

Eugenija Kupcinskiene ◽

Isabelle Laffont-Schwob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Exposure Data ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Artemisia Campestris

The chemical composition of the essential oils of aerial parts of Artemisia campestris ssp. campestris, collected from ten different locations in Lithuania is detailed in this paper. The major component in all the oils was caryophyllene oxide (8.5-38.8%), whereas compounds with the caryophyllane skeleton ranged from 10.2 to 44.5%. Other representative constituents were germacrene D (≤15.0%), humulene epoxide II (≤8.1%), β-ylangene (≤7.7%), spathulenol (≤6.8%), β-elemene (≤6.8%), β-caryophyllene (≤6.2%), junenol (≤6.1%) and α- or β-pinene (≤5.5%). Eighty-seven compounds were identified, comprising 73.6-92.3% of the oils. The chemical composition was highly variable depending on the sample location. Toxicity of A. campestris oils was determined using the brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) assay. LC50 values ranging to 20 μg/mL were obtained for three of the oils after 24 hours of exposure. Data of this test revealed that A. campestris ssp. campestris essential oils with dominant caryophyllene oxide are notably toxic.

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Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oils of Piper septuplinervium and P. subtomentosum (Piperaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901

Author(s):

Mónica Constanza Ávila Murillo ◽

Luis Enrique Cuca Suarez ◽

Jairo Alonso Cerón Salamanca

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Main Component

Essential oils of Piper subtomentosum (leaves and inflorescences) and Piper septuplinervium (aerial parts) were analyzed by GC-MS; sixty-three compounds were determined, representing 92.0%, 86.9 %, and 91.8 % of the total relative oil composition of the leaves, inflorescences, and aerial parts, respectively. The most abundant component in the aerial parts and inflorescence oils was α-pinene (27.3%, 21.0%, respectively), and δ-cadinene was the main component of the leaf oil. Insecticidal activity of the essential oils were determined on the Spodoptera frugiperda second instar larvae; the essential oil from the aerial parts of P. septuplinervium was the most active against insect pests (LC50= 9.4 μL/L of air). Statistical analysis by direct Pearson correlation showed that the insecticidal activity of the essential oils was primarily due to camphene and α- and β-pinene. The effect of the oils on the insect life cycle was also evaluated, and in some cases, a delay in growth and inhibition of the oviposition in the females were observed.

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Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Piper abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum (Piperaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901235 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽

Farediah Ahmad ◽

Khong Heng Yen

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Weak Activity

The study was designed to examine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of three Piper species: Piper abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum, all from Malaysia. GC and GC/MS analysis showed qualitative and quantitative differences between these oils. GC and GC-MS analysis of P. abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum oils resulted in the identification of 33, 35 and 39 components, representing 70.5%, 63.4% and 78.2% of the components, respectively. The major components of P. abbreviatum oil were spathulenol (11.2%), ( E)-nerolidol (8.5%) and β-caryophyllene (7.8%), whereas P. erecticaule oil mainly contained β-caryophyllene (5.7%) and spathulenol (5.1%). Borneol (7.5%), β-caryophyllene (6.6%) and α-amorphene (5.6%) were the most abundant components in P. lanatum oil. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution method against nine microorganisms. All of the essential oils displayed weak activity towards Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values in the range 250–500 μg/mL. P. erecticaule oil showed the best activity on Aspergillus niger (MIC 31.3 μg/mL), followed by P. lanatum oil (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). This study demonstrated that the essential oils have potential as antimicrobial agents and may be useful in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

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