Selective nematocidal effects of essential oils from two cultivated Artemisia absinthium populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José García-Rodríguez ◽  
María-Fé Andrés ◽  
Alexandra Ibañez-Escribano ◽  
Luis F. Julio ◽  
Jesús Burillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) obtained from two crops and populations of thujone-free cultivated Artemisia absinthium were tested against two nematode models, the mammalian parasite Trichinella spiralis, and the plant parasitic root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. The EOs were characterized by the presence of (Z)-epoxyocimene and chrysanthenol as major components and showed time and population dependent quantitative and qualitative variations in composition. The EOs showed a strong ex vivo activity against the L1 larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis with a reduction of infectivity between 72 and 100% at a dose range of 0.5–1 mg/ml in absence of cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Moreover, the in vivo activity of the EO against T. spiralis showed a 66% reduction of intestinal adults. However, these oils were not effective against M. javanica.

Inhibition of Fibrinolytic Activity In-Vivo by Dexamethasone Is Counterbalanced by an Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 069-073 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J J van Giezen ◽  
J W C M Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Prothrombotic State ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryDexamethasone decreases the fibrinolytic activity in cultured medium of several cell types by an induction of PAI-1 synthesis. As a result of this enhanced PAI-1 synthesis a prothrombotic state is expected in patients treated with dexamethasone. However, such a prothrombotic state is not reported as a major adverse effect. We have studied the effects of dexamethasone (dose range: 0.1–3.0 mg/kg) on the fibrinolytic system of rats after a 5 day pretreatment period. It appeared that dexamethasone dose dependently decreased the fibrinolytic activity (a dose of 1 mg/kg showed a reduction of about 40%). This reduced fibrinolytic activity could be functionally translated into an increased thrombus size as measured with a venous thrombosis model: thrombus size was increased by 50% with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone. No effects could be measured on the coagulation system, but it appeared that ex-vivo measured platelet aggregation was dose dependently inhibited by dexamethasone treatment. This effect resulted in-vivo in prolonged obstruction times as measured with a modified aorta-loop model. These results indicate that the expected prothrombotic state due to a diminished fibrinolytic activity caused by dexamethasone is counterbalanced by an inhibition of platelet aggregation.

scholarly journals In Silico Predicted Antifungal Peptides: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Candida Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Walter Magliani ◽  
Tiziano De Simone ◽  
Thelma A. Pertinhez ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Synthetic Antibody

It has been previously demonstrated that synthetic antibody-derived peptides could exert a significant activity in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo against microorganisms and viruses, as well as immunomodulatory effects through the activation of immune cells. Based on the sequence of previously described antibody-derived peptides with recognized antifungal activity, an in silico analysis was conducted to identify novel antifungal candidates. The present study analyzed the candidacidal and structural properties of in silico designed peptides (ISDPs) derived by amino acid substitutions of the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS. ISDPs proved to be more active in vitro than the parent peptide and all proved to be therapeutic in Galleria mellonella candidal infection, without showing toxic effects on mammalian cells. ISDPs were studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy, demonstrating different structural organization. These results allowed to validate a consensus sequence for the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS that may be useful in the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.

Efficient magnetic cell labeling with protamine sulfate complexed to ferumoxides for cellular MRI

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali S. Arbab ◽  
Gene T. Yocum ◽  
Heather Kalish ◽  
Elaine K. Jordan ◽  
Stasia A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Mri Contrast Agent ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Cellular Iron

AbstractRecently, there have been several reports using various superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to label mammalian cells for monitoring their temporal and spatial migration in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and toxicity of labeling cells using 2 commercially available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents, ferumoxides, a suspension of dextran-coated SPIO used as an MRI contrast agent, and protamine sulfate, conventionally used to reverse heparin anticoagulation but also used ex vivo as a cationic transfection agent. After labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic (CD34+) stem cells and other mammalian cells with ferumoxides-protamine sulfate complexes (FE-Pro), cellular toxicity, functional capacity, and quantitative cellular iron incorporation were determined. FE-Pro-labeled cells demonstrated no short- or long-term toxicity, changes in differentiation capacity of the stem cells, or changes in phenotype when compared with unlabeled cells. Efficient labeling with FE-Pro was observed with iron content per cell varying between 2.01 ± 0.1 pg for CD34+ cells and 10.94 ± 1.86 pg for MSCs with 100% of cells labeled. Cell labeling using these agents should facilitate the translation of this method to clinical trials for evaluation of trafficking of infused or transplanted cells by MRI. (Blood. 2004;104:1217-1223)

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Nematodes Associated with Banana, Identification of root knot nematode and Evaluation the Susceptibility of Some Cultivars to Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa G. Mostafa ◽  
Aida M. El-Zawahry ◽  
Ashraf E. M. Khalil ◽  
Ameer E. Elfarash ◽  
Ali D. A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are extremely dangerous pests in a variety of economically important crops. The purpose of this study was a survey of all nematode species existing in banana from three sites in Assiut Governorate, Egypt and to characterize the most common species by morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques (PCR with species-specific primers). Then, study of resistance or sensitivity of some banana cultivars to root-knot nematodes.Methods and Results Four nematodes, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus were isolated and identified from soil and root samples collected from banana plants. Most frequently occurring of plant parasitic nematode species in banana was Meloidogyne. Former research found differences in species and in resistance to root-knot nematodes among the examined plant cultivars. Identification of Root-knot nematodes by Characterize of morphometric, molecularly, morphological isolate of Meloidogyne related to banana plants. The results revealed that the identified nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most common plant-parasitic nematodes in all locations. Data on the susceptibility of the tested banana cultivars to M. javanica revealed that Grand Naine was highly susceptible (HS) however, Magraby was susceptible (S) but Williams and Hindi cultivars were moderately resistant (MR).Conclusions we concluded that a survey revealed the significant prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica, the most important nematodes on banana in Assiut. The morphometric, morphological, and molecular identification were harmonic with one another. In addition to the host response of certain banana cultivars, to M. javanica that resistance is of significance and can be helpful to incorporate through planning control measures for root- knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic Thioredoxin Reductase Is Essential for Embryogenesis but Dispensable for Cardiac Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1980-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemile Jakupoglu ◽  
Gerhard K. H. Przemeck ◽  
Manuela Schneider ◽  
Stéphanie G. Moreno ◽  
Nadja Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Early Embryonic Lethality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductases

ABSTRACT Two distinct thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase systems are present in the cytosol and the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Thioredoxins (Txn), the main substrates of thioredoxin reductases (Txnrd), are involved in numerous physiological processes, including cell-cell communication, redox metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. To investigate the individual contribution of mitochondrial (Txnrd2) and cytoplasmic (Txnrd1) thioredoxin reductases in vivo, we generated a mouse strain with a conditionally targeted deletion of Txnrd1. We show here that the ubiquitous Cre-mediated inactivation of Txnrd1 leads to early embryonic lethality. Homozygous mutant embryos display severe growth retardation and fail to turn. In accordance with the observed growth impairment in vivo, Txnrd1-deficient embryonic fibroblasts do not proliferate in vitro. In contrast, ex vivo-cultured embryonic Txnrd1-deficient cardiomyocytes are not affected, and mice with a heart-specific inactivation of Txnrd1 develop normally and appear healthy. Our results indicate that Txnrd1 plays an essential role during embryogenesis in most developing tissues except the heart.

scholarly journals Melatonin Adjusts the Phase of Mouse Circadian Clocks in the Cornea Both Ex Vivo and In Vivo

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110323
Author(s):  
Alex V. Huynh ◽  
Ethan D. Buhr
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Different Tissues

The presence of an endogenous circadian clock within most mammalian cells is associated with the amazing observation that within a given tissue, these clocks are largely in synchrony with each other. Different tissues use a variety of systemic or environmental cues to precisely coordinate the phase of these clocks. The cornea is a unique tissue in that it is largely isolated from the direct blood supply that most tissues experience, it is transparent to visible light, and it is exposed directly to environmental light and temperature. Melatonin is a hormone that has been implicated in regulation of the cornea’s circadian clocks. Here, we analyze the ability of rhythmic melatonin to entrain corneas ex vivo, and analyze the phase of corneal circadian clocks in vivo both in light: dark cycles and in constant darkness. We find that the presence of a retina from a melatonin-proficient mouse strain, C3Sn, can photoentrain the circadian clocks of a co-cultured mouse cornea, but a retina from a melatonin-deficient strain, C57Bl/6, cannot. Furthermore, pharmacologic blockade of melatonin or use of a retina with advanced retinal degeneration, Pde6brd1, blocks the photoentraining effect. Corneal circadian clocks in vivo adopt an advanced phase in C3Sn mice compared with C57Bl/6, but the circadian clocks in the liver are unaffected. This observation is not attributable to a shorter endogenous period of the cornea or behavior between the strains. Some transcripts of circadian genes in the corneas of C3Sn mice also show an advanced phase of expression in a light: dark cycle, while the transcript of Per2 exhibits a light-dependent transient induction at the onset of darkness. We conclude that melatonin acts as a phase modifying factor in a rhythmic manner for the circadian clocks of the cornea.

scholarly journals Screening of anti-nematode potential through inhibition of egg hatching in plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Shilpy Shakya ◽  
Bindhya Chal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes have emerged as nature’s most successful among all parasites known till today. These animals have been reported from all terrains of all ecosystems. Their capability to survive on a wide diversity of the host plants, circumvent host plant defence is a few of several of their secrets making them most successful of all known parasites. Among various groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, endo-parasitic nematodes are the most damaging one and also difficult to control. Meloidogyne sps. are commonly known as root-knot nematodes. Our inability to control them is primarily due to our poor understanding of the biology of these plant parasites. Due to the availability of the complete genome sequence of few Meloidogyne species, biotechnological interventions are used to unravel the secrets of their success. Chemical controls of these nematodes are extensively reported in the literature. Due to the environmental toxicity associated with these chemicals, and restrictions on the use of chemicals against nematodes led to screening and development of eco-friendly management strategies. The present study was conducted to screen nematotoxic properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Kachnar (Bauhinia variegate), Bel (Aegle marmelos) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) leaf extracts against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in vitro. The aqueous extracts were used against the hatching of the nematode eggs, movement of second stage juveniles (J2) and the viability of the J2 in increasing concentration of the bioactive compound. The eggs were treated with various concentrations of the selected extracts for different time periods ranging from 24h to 6 days. A significant inhibition of egg hatching and increase in the mortality of the nematode juvenile in few of the aqueous extracts were recorded. Reduced egg hatching and increased mortality of the nematode juveniles could be maybe the indicators of the presence of anti-nematode potential in the selected plant leaves. The results from the study can pave the way for the development of eco-friendly management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Stangherlin ◽  
David C. S. Wong ◽  
Silvia Barbiero ◽  
Joseph L. Watson ◽  
Aiwei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Osmotic Balance

AbstractBetween 6-20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control to tune cell function with cycles of environmental change. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the osmotic pressure exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be compensated. The mechanisms and consequences underlying compensation are not known. Here, we show in cultured mammalian cells and in vivo that compensation requires electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl− through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes alter their electrical activity at different times of the day. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.

Biochemical and Pharmacologic Profiling of a Novel Dual Acting Antithrombin Agent with Antiprotease and Antiplatelet Actions. Hematologic Implications.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876-1876
Author(s):  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
D. Hoppensteadt ◽  
W. Haque ◽  
J. Diakur ◽  
W. Jeske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Antithrombotic Drugs ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Titration Assay ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of thrombosis involves both cellular and humoral processes. Most antithrombotic drugs exhibit either anti-protease or anti-platelet effects. A combination of anti-protease and anti-platelet drugs provides better efficacy in the management of thrombotic disorders. A series of synthetic low molecular weight serine protease inhibitors with varying anti-platelet effects (Medicure Inc.) are being assessed for antithrombotic properties. Materials and Methods: This investigation reports on a compound with low antithrombin/high anti-platelet activity MC 45301 (A) and a compound with high antithrombin/low anti-platelet activity MC 45308 (B) activity in in-vitro and in-vivo settings used to profile antithrombotic drugs. Results: A exhibited strong anti-platelet actions as measured using ADP as an agonist (IC50=1.1 g/ml), whereas B had a higher IC50 (9.4 g/ml). In the antithrombin titration assay A (>100 μg/ml) showed a relatively higher IC50 than B (45 μg/ml). In the global anticoagulant assays, A exhibited somewhat weaker effects than B. In the Xa generation assay, both compounds exhibited similar effects. However, in the thrombin generation assays B exhibited stronger effects. In whole blood assays both compounds produced anticoagulant and anti-platelet effects. Intravenous administration of these compounds to rabbits over a dose range of 50–500 g/kg produced strong dose dependent antithrombotic actions. In comparison to direct antithrombin agents such as argatroban, at a comparable dose, B produced identical antithrombotic actions, which were disproportional to the systemic anticoagulant effects. A produced modest antithrombotic actions with minimal ex vivo clotting effects. This data is highly suggestive that compounds with dual targets are able to produce stronger antithrombotic actions relative to monotherapeutic agents. Additional studies in arterial thrombosis may provide newer insights into the antithrombotic actions of compounds with dual sites of action. Moreover, these agents may be more effective in thrombotic conditions where both platelets and the coagulation system are involved.

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