scholarly journals Beyond Foreign Aid in Africa: Is a New Narrative Emerging?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4.) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Goran Hyden
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
International Donor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power And Influence ◽  
The Way

Narratives drive politics. Controlling how reality is understood and can be changed gives power and influence over development. For the last four decades African countries have to a large extent lived off the generosity of the international donor community. The cost of doing so has been obvious: the imperative to follow policy prescriptions that have worked elsewhere and for that reason alone have been treated as relevant and helpful also for Africa. This liberal internationalist approach has been centred on the twin principles of free market and democratic governance. It has served as dominant policy narrative with many governments in Africa embracing it as the way forward. It still has its supporters but the interesting thing about Africa today is that cracks are emerging in this intellectual edifice, thus rendering the narrative less compelling and less attractive.

Active and Trust Based Packet Transfer Method via Route Tracking for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ebb And Flow ◽  
The Way

Trust is critical in remote sensor systems to exchange the information from source to goal. The Dynamic Source Protocol computes the substitute way, if any hub neglects to exchange the information. The Dynamic Source Protocol does not have any worked in usefulness to figure a substitute way if the way has a vindictive hub. With the cost of an interloper recognition framework we can identify the vindictive hub and modify the information/parcel exchange way. Notwithstanding, gatecrasher location framework is extremely costly for remote sensor systems and there is no certification in identifying a malevolent hub. In the ebb and flow look into a trust-based approach is prescribed to limit the overheads of gatecrasher location framework and it likewise recognizes the anomalous conduct hubs. The proposed demonstrate utilizes the rehashed recreations to distinguish flawed hubs through the agreeable exertion in the sensor organize and additionally judges the trust of progressive hubs. Reenactments were exhibited for standardized result of parcel dropping, normal rebate result, and trust connection.

scholarly journals Framing policy designs through contradictory emotions: The case of Czech single mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P Durnová ◽  
Eva M Hejzlarová
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

In public policy scholarship on policy design, emotions are still treated as opposed to goals, and their presence is assumed to signal that things have gone wrong. We argue, however, that understanding how and for whom emotions matter is vital to the dynamics of policy designs because emotions are central to the capacity building of policy intermediaries and, with that, to the success of public policies. We examine the case of Czech single mothers in their role as intermediaries in ‘alimony policy’. Our interpretive survey provided single mothers an opportunity to express the way they experience the policy emotionally. The analysis reveals that the policy goal of the child’s well-being is produced at the cost of the mother’s emotional tensions and that policy designs defuse these emotional tensions, implicitly. These contradictory emotions expressed by mothers show us a gateway to problematising policy designs in a novel way, which reconsiders construing policy design as a technical, solution-oriented enterprise to one in which emotional tensions intervene in policy design and are essential for succeeding.

scholarly journals Pharmacoeconomics in Africa: needs, prospect and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Ben-Ajepe ◽  
Ifechukwu Benedict Nwogu ◽  
Damilola Quazeem Olaoye ◽  
Abdulhafeez Ayodele Mustapha ◽  
Theogene Uwizeyimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Therapy Choice ◽  
Medication Selection ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAfrica as a continent has experienced a continuous increase in the cost of healthcare as its demands increase. With many of these African countries living below the poverty threshold, Africans continue to die from preventable and curable diseases. Population increases have led to an increase in demands for healthcare, which unfortunately have been met with inequitable distribution of drugs. Hence, the outcomes from healthcare interventions are frequently not maximized. These problems notably call for some economic principles and policies to guide medication selection, procurement, or donation for population prioritization or health insurance. Pharmacoeconomics drives efficient use of scarce or limited resources to maximize healthcare benefits and reduce costs. It also brings to play tools that rate therapy choice based on the quality of life added to the patient after a choice of intervention was made over an alternative. In this paper, we commented on the needs, prospect, and challenges of pharmacoeconomics in Africa.

scholarly journals Foreign aid on economic growth in Africa: A comparison of low and middle-income countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Mengistu Alemu ◽  
Jin-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis

Previous empirical studies on the effects of foreign aid on economic growth have generated mixed results that make it difficult to draw policy recommendations. The main reason for such mixed results is the choice of a single aggregate list of countries, regardless of the disparities in levels of development. This study therefore fills the development gap by disaggregating the African data into a panel of 20 middle- income and 19 low- income African countries over a period of 15 years between 1995 and 2010, and employing a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model to address the dynamic nature of economic growth as well as the problems of endogeneity. The results of this study support the theoretical hypothesis that a positive relationship between aid and GDP growth exists, but only for low-income African countries, not middle-income ones. On the other hand, the study reveals that middle- income African countries tend to experience a greater impact on their economic growth from foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resources revenues, mainly oil exports. This implies that the frequent criticism that foreign aid has not contributed to economic growth is flawed, at least in the case of low-income African countries. In fact, foreign aid has played a critical role in stimulating economic growth in such countries through supplementing domestic sources of finance such as savings, thus increasing the amount of investment and capital stock in them.

scholarly journals The shift towards democratic governance: System change versus regime change analysis in The Gambia 2017-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Sunkung Danso ◽  
Sulikah Asmorowati
Keyword(s):  
Regime Change ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
System Change ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Governance System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Democratic System

Democratic governance has been seen as a catalyst for inclusive growth and meaningful development in many countries. Shifting from authoritarian rule to more democratic rule has also been seen as essential for many governments worldwide. Democratic governance is often a problem for developing countries, including most African countries and particularly The Gambia. This paper analyses the shift towards a more democratic governance style that is heated debated in The Gambia. The debate started when one of the coalition government members asserted that they could achieve regime change; however, a democratic system change remains lacking. This paper has sought to analyze whether the shift toward a more democratic leadership style in The Gambia is one of system change or regime change and ascertain what has democratically changed and bad governance in the new government. This article’s main objective is to create political awareness and enlighten the readers on the change’s misconceptions towards democratic governance. The discussion focuses on democratic governance and the collective action theory of governance to explain the democratic process in New Gambia. This study adopts qualitative case study research methods; the research employed a systematic review of the existing scholarly journal articles, books, newspapers, and television interview recordings. The observation used to identify, understand, and interpret the democratic governance situation in The Gambia from 2017 to 2019. The findings show that the coalition government has succeeded in achieving a democratic regime change; however, the democratic system change itself is too slow, or it is not happening. For the first time in The Gambia’s history, a seating president defeat through the ballot box. In conclusion, the democratic governance system change is far-fetched. It is vital to state that there is little or no difference between Jammeh’s regime and the current regime under President Barrow’s leadership. The same problems continue to persist. Finally, the transparency and accountability mechanisms must be enhanced to address the endemic problem of corruption.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PERILAKU DAN SITUASI DALAM PROSESI ZIARAH PADA TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN (THE UTILIZATION OF BEHAVIOR AND SITUATION IN THE PILGRIMAGE PROCESSION AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AS A PRESERVATION EFFORT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NFn Wasita, M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Proper Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Way

Sebagian rangkaian aktivitas ziarah di beberapa situs arkeologi di KabupatenTapin dan Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan menunjukkan adanya perilaku dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Oleh karena itu, peluang ini perlu dimanfaatkan agar pihak arkeologi mendapatkan cara pelestarian yang melibatkan masyarakat dan murah biayanya. Berkaitan dengan itu, maka penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menemukan cara dalam memanfaatkan perilaku dan situasi untuk pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi dengan tidak mengganggu kegiatan ziarah, namun kegiatan pelestarian yang diinginkan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara keilmuan (arkeologi). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Implementasinya di lapangan dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan tinggalan arkeologi untuk mengetahui kondisi eksistingnya dan riwayat pemugaran yang pernah dilakukan. Pendeskripsian ini untuk mengetahui hal-hal apa saja yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mendukung kegiatan pelestarian. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa di situs-situs arkeologi yang diziarahi terdapat situasi dan perilaku para peziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian, seperti harus bersikap sopan, tidak merusak barang-barang yang ada di tempat ziarah (dalam konteks ini termasuk tinggalan arkeologi) dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang sakral, serta adanya teguran dari orang yang hidup di alam sebelah jika tidak sopan atau melanggar tata cara ziarah. Jadi kesimpulannya, situasi dan perilaku tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Caranya dengan memberi dukungan, karena perilaku yang baik (tidak merusak warisan budaya) merupakan bagian dari isi undang-undang cagar budaya. Selain itu, juga menghormati situasi yang tercipta di tempat ziarah karena itu merupakan pemaknaan oleh sebagian masyarakat. Agar cara mendukung dan menghormati dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, arkeolog harus jujur dan netral dalam kegiatan pelestarian.Kata kuci: tinggalan arkeologi, ziarah, situasi, perilaku, pelestarianSome parts of pilgrimage activities at several archeological sites in Tapin and Hulu Sungai Utara Districts indicate the existence of behaviors and conditions that support the conservation of archeological remains. This opportunity needs to be utilized, therefore the archeological party can obtain conservation methods that involve the community and the cost is cheap. The research goal is to gain proper method on utilizing pilgrim behaviors and situation for preserving archeological remains without interfering the pilgrimage activities, but the desired of conservation activities can be scientifically accounted (archeology). This research was conducted by using descriptive methods. Its implementation in the field was carried out by describing the archaeological remains of the existing conditions and the history of restoration that had been carried out. The describing of the pilgrim behaviors and the place conditions of pilgrimage is to find out what things can be utilized in supporting conservation activities. The results indicate that at the visited archeological sites there are conditions and behavior of pilgrims who supported conservation activities, such as having to be polite, not damage the items that are in the place of pilgrimage (in this context including archeological remains) and the situation in the sacred place of pilgrimage, as well as the rebuke of people living in the adjoining realm if they are not polite or violate to the procedure of pilgrimage. It is concluded that the situation and behavior need to be used to support the preservation of archeological remains. The way is by giving support, because good behavior (not damaging cultural heritage) is part of the contents of the cultural heritage law. In addition, it also respects the situation created in the place of pilgrimage because it is a meaning by some people. In order to be able to support and respect ways, archaeologists must be honest and neutral in conservation activities.Keywords: archaeological remains, pilgrimage, situations, behavior, preservation.

scholarly journals The impact of online marketing on start-up’s - theoritical frame work

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Rani C ◽  
Harshavardhan V ◽  
Harshith G
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

In the 21st century online marketing is the most effective wayof advertising any product or service.Online marketing helps the smallbusinesses and also startup’sin a significant manner.online marketing happens in a virtual and interactive space where the promotion of products and services takes place. The advancement in technology has drastically changed the way of marketing. In online marketing the cost-effective compared to the traditional marketing. Most of the startup’s fail due to a lack of proper strategy.Onlinemarketing is innovativelycreating a platform for start-ups in innovative manner to reach the customers the main motto of this presentation is to show the positive side of the online marketing on start-ups and small businesses.

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