Impact of Cultivation Condition and Media Content on Chlorella vulgaris Composition

Microalgae are a source material in food, pharmacy, and cosmetics industries for producing various products including high-protein nutritional supplements, synthetic pharmaceuticals, and natural colors. A promising algal source for such productions is Chlorella vulgaris which contains a considerable protein content. Similar to other microalgae, its desirability is minimal nutrient requirements since they are unicellular, photosynthetic, and fast-growing microorganisms. Another propitious option to be produced by C. vulgaris is biodiesel, since it is rich in oil too. Besides, algal well thriving in presence of increased amount of carbon dioxide makes them a practicable alternative biofuel resource without some problems of the traditional ones. At the same time, C. vulgaris is also a promising source for nutraceuticals such as amino acids, vitamins, and antioxidants. This review aims to discuss the conditions need to be observed for achieving a favorable growth efficiency of the C. vulgaris, as well as targeted productions such as biomass, antioxidant, and biofuel. Additionally, different approaches to induce any specific production are also considered comprehensively.

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Carbon-Negative Cement Manufacturing from Seawater-Derived Magnesium Feedstocks

10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-5dznt ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Palash Badjatya ◽

Abdullah Akca ◽

Daniela Fraga Alvarez ◽

Baoqi Chang ◽

Siwei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Energy Use ◽

Source Material ◽

Magnesium Ions ◽

Cement Manufacturing ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Carbonation Curing ◽

Free Magnesium

This study describes and demonstrates a carbon-negative process for manufacturing cement from widely abundant seawater-derived magnesium (Mg) feedstocks. In contrast to conventional Portland cement, which starts with carbon-containing limestone as the source material, the proposed process uses membrane-free electrolyzers to facilitate the conversion of carbon-free magnesium ions (Mg2+) in seawater into magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) precursors for the production of Mg-based cement. After a low-temperature carbonation curing step converts Mg(OH)2 into magnesium carbonates through reaction with carbon dioxide (CO2), the resulting Mg-based binders can exhibit compressive strength comparable to that achieved by Portland cement after curing for only two days. Although the proposed “cement-from-seawater” process requires similar energy use per ton of cement as existing processes, its potential to achieve a carbon-negative footprint makes it highly attractive to decarbonize one of the most carbon intensive industries.

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Study of Chlorella vulgaris sedimentation process

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824005023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 05023 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Patyna ◽

Małgorzata Płaczek ◽

Stanisław Witczak

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Separation Process ◽

Cultivation Condition ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Algae Biomass ◽

Algae Cultivation ◽

Sedimentation Process ◽

Microalgae Harvesting

The paper reports the results of Chlorella vulgaris sedimentation process including description of cultivation condition of microalgal biomass. The process of algae cultivation was carried out in photobioreactor comprising systems of carbon dioxide supply, mixing and artificial LED illumination. The growth of microalgae was determined alternatively in three ways by measuring the amount of dry mass over time, counting the cells and measurement of optical density by use of a spectrophotometer. Algae biomass with different concentration was subjected to the separation process by gravity. This led to the determination of the characteristic of sedimentation process for different concentrations and cell sizes. The experimental results indicate that sedimentation process offers a tool with a potential application for microalgae harvesting.

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Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for biodiesel production and carbon dioxide capture

10.33915/etd.323 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana T. Farcas

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽

Biodiesel Production

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Mathematical modeling of the equilibrium complete replacement of methane by carbon dioxide in a gas hydrate reservoir at negative temperatures

Tyumen State University Herald Physical and Mathematical Modeling Oil Gas Energy ◽

10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-2-63-80 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 63-80

Author(s):

Stanislav L. Borodin ◽

Denis S. Belskikh

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Gas Hydrates ◽

Hydrate Formation ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Hydrate Reservoir ◽

Negative Temperatures ◽

Gas Hydrate Reservoir ◽

Promising Source ◽

Methane Carbon

Gas hydrates, which contain the largest amount of methane on our planet, are a promising source of natural gas after the depletion of traditional gas fields, the reserves of which are estimated to last about 50 years. Therefore, it is necessary to study the methods for extracting gas from gas hydrates in order to select the best of them and make reasoned technological and engineering decisions in the future. One of these methods is the replacement of methane in its hydrate with carbon dioxide. This work studies the construction of a mathematical model to observe this method. The following process is considered in this article: on one side of a porous reservoir, initially saturated with methane and its hydrate, carbon dioxide is injected; on the opposite side of this reservoir, methane and/or carbon dioxide are extracted. In this case, both the decomposition of methane hydrate and the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate can occur. This problem is stated in a one-dimensional linear formulation for the case of negative temperatures and gaseous carbon dioxide, which means that methane, carbon dioxide, ice, methane, and carbon dioxide hydrates may be present in the reservoir. A mathematical model is built based on the following: the laws of conservation of masses of methane, carbon dioxide, and ice; Darcy’s law for the gas phase motion; equation of state of real gas; energy equation taking into account thermal conductivity, convection, adiabatic cooling, the Joule — Thomson effect, and the release or absorption of latent heat of hydrate formation. The modelling assumes that phase transitions occur in an equilibrium mode and that methane can be completely replaced by carbon dioxide. The results of numerical experiments are presented.

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Microwave Irradiation Assisted Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bio-Oils from Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27568 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4.14) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

S. N. Ibrahim ◽

K. A. Radzun ◽

K. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

High Yield ◽

Supercritical Carbon

Chlorella vulgaris is one of the promising microalgae strains that can produce high yield of bio-oils. The C. vulgaris was pretreated with microwave irradiation prior to extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed microwave irradiation pretreatment does not affect the material composition of C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the microwave irradiation pretreated microalgae showed an agglomeration of the cells with the cells shape became distorted due to rupturing of the cell walls. Optimization of the SCCO2 process parameters (pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate) was performed by using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). Two factors significantly affecting the extraction yield were temperature and pressure. The model equation also predicted the optimum condition for the SCCO2 (without microwave pretreatment) at 70 , 5676 psi and 7 sL/ min while optimum condition for SCCO2 (microwave irradiation pretreatment) at 63 , 5948 psi and 10 sL/ min. High amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), -linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid were found in the extracted oil with microwave irradiation pre-treatment sample. In addition, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the microwave irradiation pretreated oil was considerably low and is desirable for biodiesel production.

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Prospective initial material of hemp for selection

Bast and Technical Crops ◽

10.48096/btc.2019.7(12).24-33 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Hanna Kyrychenko

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Source Material ◽

Initial Material ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Promising Source

At the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, a national hemp genetic collection was created, which includes 504 varietal samples of various geographical types. Donors, sources, and promising source material for breeding practice, as well as standard samples for creating feature and working collections, have been identified. In 2019, an indicative collection with a high content of non-psychotropic cannabinoids was formed and transferred to the National Center for Genetic Resources.

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Identifying sources of resistance to late blight and black scurf, and other economically useful traits among interspecific potato hybrids

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-128-134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 128-134

Author(s):

Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽

M. V. Kalashnik

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Matter Content ◽

Black Scurf ◽

Source Material ◽

Average Score ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Promising Source

Background. This publication presents the results of a four-year (2016–2019) study undertaken to assess potato hybrids from the nurseries of preliminary tests and the nursery of the second tuber generation for their resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn in the environments of Leningrad Province. Potato forms with a set of economically useful traits were identified as promising source material for further breeding.Materials and methods. The study covered the interspecific hybrids developed on the basis of the following species: Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., S. megistacrolobum Bitt., S. chacoense Bitt., S. demissum Lindl., S. verrucosum Schelechtd., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd., S. polytrichon Rydb., S. andigenum Yuz. et Buk., S. rybinii Yuz. et Buk., and S. tuberosum Lindl. Late blight and black scurf resistance tests were performed using the methods approved for the potato selection technology.Results and conclusions. The possibility to select potato genotypes with high and medium resistance of their tops and tubers was ascertained under severe natural infection with P. infestans and R. solani. In the preliminary test nursery, from 4.0 to 62.0% of the tested accessions demonstrated high plant top resistance to late blight, and from 21.6 to 58.0% possessed tuber resistance. The analysis of resistance to black scurf showed that the average score for several years in the preliminary test nursery ranged from 6.3 to 7.6 points (the scale from 9 down to 1), while the percentage of highly resistant accessions was in the range of 25.9–70.7%. In the nursery of the second tuber generation, the average resistance across the years of study varied from 6.3 to 7.8 points, with the percentage of highly resistant hybrids ranging from 27.0 to 87.1%. The selected hybrids were distinguished by their increased productivity (31.4–42.9 t/ha), high marketability of tubers (89–98%), and dry matter content (16.6–19.5%). Source material with a set of economically useful features promising for breeding was identified.

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Examining the impact of carbon dioxide levels and modulation of resulting hydrogen peroxide in Chlorella vulgaris

Algal Research ◽

10.1016/j.algal.2021.102492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 102492

Author(s):

Chien-Ting Li ◽

Kevin Trigani ◽

Cristal Zuñiga ◽

Richard Eng ◽

Elizabeth Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽

The Impact

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Utilization of Wood Railway Sleepers Using a Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2020-9-4-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

V.F. Khairutdinov ◽

F.M. Gumerov ◽

I.Sh. Khabriev ◽

R.F. Gabitov ◽

M.I. Farakhov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Phase Behavior ◽

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Source Material ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Butane Mixture ◽

The One ◽

Propane Butane

In this work, we propose an alternative method for the utilization of sleepers, based on the use of a supercritical fluid extraction process. The preference for the implementation of a supercritical fluid extraction process for “extractable-extractant” systems exhibiting I–II types of phase behavior is given. On the example of supercritical fluid extraction of the impregnation material of spent wood railway sleepers, the efficiency of replacing the carbon dioxide participating as an extractant with a propane/butane mixture, which provide the desired change in the type of phase behavior in relation to such components of the impregnation material as phenol, anthracene and naphthalene is shown. The phase equilibria of thermodynamic systems involving carbon dioxide and a propane/butane mixture on the one hand and coal oil components such as phenol, anthracene, and naphthalene on the other are studied. The proposed method of processing spent railway sleepers allows you to select from it up to 97 % of the mass impregnation source material.

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