scholarly journals Identifying sources of resistance to late blight and black scurf, and other economically useful traits among interspecific potato hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽  
M. V. Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Promising Source

Background. This publication presents the results of a four-year (2016–2019) study undertaken to assess potato hybrids from the nurseries of preliminary tests and the nursery of the second tuber generation for their resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn in the environments of Leningrad Province. Potato forms with a set of economically useful traits were identified as promising source material for further breeding.Materials and methods. The study covered the interspecific hybrids developed on the basis of the following species: Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., S. megistacrolobum Bitt., S. chacoense Bitt., S. demissum Lindl., S. verrucosum Schelechtd., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd., S. polytrichon Rydb., S. andigenum Yuz. et Buk., S. rybinii Yuz. et Buk., and S. tuberosum Lindl. Late blight and black scurf resistance tests were performed using the methods approved for the potato selection technology.Results and conclusions. The possibility to select potato genotypes with high and medium resistance of their tops and tubers was ascertained under severe natural infection with P. infestans and R. solani. In the preliminary test nursery, from 4.0 to 62.0% of the tested accessions demonstrated high plant top resistance to late blight, and from 21.6 to 58.0% possessed tuber resistance. The analysis of resistance to black scurf showed that the average score for several years in the preliminary test nursery ranged from 6.3 to 7.6 points (the scale from 9 down to 1), while the percentage of highly resistant accessions was in the range of 25.9–70.7%. In the nursery of the second tuber generation, the average resistance across the years of study varied from 6.3 to 7.8 points, with the percentage of highly resistant hybrids ranging from 27.0 to 87.1%. The selected hybrids were distinguished by their increased productivity (31.4–42.9 t/ha), high marketability of tubers (89–98%), and dry matter content (16.6–19.5%). Source material with a set of economically useful features promising for breeding was identified. 

scholarly journals Study of collection samples of table watermel with unconventional pulp color

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
N. G. Baybakova ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Relevance. The study of the collection is one of the main sources of replenishing the source material for the breeding process. The presence of the necessary genetic traits can speed up the breeding process. Therefore, at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station, the genetic diversity of melon plants is assessed and promising samples are selected for use in breeding.Materials and methods. The object of research was samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp. The aim of the work is to study and isolate the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melon crops. In the course of the study, 12 varieties of table watermelon were identified from 33 varieties of the collection nursery, which are sources of economically valuable traits. The selection was carried out according to the yield, the rate of entry into fruiting, taste, color of the pulp.Results. In the course of the research, the obtained samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp were evaluated according to a set of economic characteristics in comparison with the standards: Zenith and Sinchevsky. The analysis of the tested samples made it possible to identify 12 samples by economically valuable traits: 3 samples by early maturity and taste: White sugar lump, White wonder, Golden revenge F1; 7 samples with a high dry matter content, in terms of yield and large fruit: Moon and stars yellowflesh, Sweet Siberian, Orangeglo, Daisy, Clay county yellow meat, Mountain sweet yellow, Tendergold; 2 samples for color and pulp consistency: Early moon beane Bakerlneek, Tenderweet orange. The selected samples meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon growing industry, resistant to stress factors of the environment, good taste and consumer properties.Findings. The obtained experimental data will be used to create a genetic collection of watermelon according to the traits that determine the economic value of the gene pool for further use in the breeding process. 

scholarly journals New source material for the creation of perspective varieties of melon

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. S. Kornilova ◽  
V. A. Suslova ◽  
L. N. Verbitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.

scholarly journals The study of the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022124
Author(s):  
A Regidin ◽  
S Ignatiev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Abstract Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).

scholarly journals Development of spring durum wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
M. G. Evdokimov ◽  
L. V. Мешкова ◽  
D. A. Глушаков
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Promising Source

Background. Stem rust of wheat, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et Henn., is a dangerous disease that afflicts serious economic damage to the cultivation of durum wheat.Materials and methods. Cultivars and promising materials developed at the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory, Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (OASC), lines obtained under the CIMMYT and KASIB programs, and accessions from the VIR collection were the objects of research. Field experiments, phenological observations, and assessment of stem rust resistance were carried out from 1990 through 2019 in the OASC experimental fields using conventional methods. Resistance to the Ug99 race was evaluated under natural infection pressure at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO).Results. Promising source material was identified and included in the Laboratory’s breeding program. The ways were shown to develop stable cultivars of spring durum wheat for the environments of Western Siberia. A strategy was proposed for the selection of genotypes in hybrid combinations of spring durum wheat: it would include early selection (starting from F2 ) for disease resistance with simultaneous screening for quantitative traits and pasta-making qualities. The description and advantages of cv. ‘Omsky korall’, submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2018, are presented. This cultivar combines high yield, adaptability, resistance to the local population and the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen, and excellent pasta-making qualities.Conclusion. As a result of these studies under heavy stem rust pressure in Western Siberia, all breeding nurseries obtained source material resistant to the Omsk population of P. graminis. The released cultivars ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’ and ‘Omsky izumrud’ demonstrate resistance to the Omsk population of the stem rust causative agent.

scholarly journals The Search For Source Material Of Phacelia Tanacetifolia Benth For Breeding For Fodder Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
V V Konoplev ◽  
V I Tseiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
State University ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Phacelia Tanacetifolia

Abstract The genetic resources of wild populations of the valuable forage crop Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. in different ecological conditions of the southern Srednerusskaya Upland were studied. Selected source material for breeding for fodder productivity.In the Vorskla natural-territorial complex the individuals which on the average 6.9-27.7% exceeded the individuals in other cenopopulations by height and bush size. The forms with high potential fodder qualities are distinguished: low hairiness of leaves and stems, dry matter content - 20.9-21.6%, protein - 19.4-20.4%, crude fat - 2.1-2.3%, soluble carbohydrates - 34.6-36.5%, green matter yield - 2,32-2,44 kg*(m2)-1, seeds - 0,032-0,038 kg*(m2)-1. The seeds of the best forms were collected and transferred to the collections of Federal Williams Reserch Center for Forage Production and Agroecology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Belgorod State University for breeding of new disease resistant forage varieties.

scholarly journals Collection accessions and source material as a determining factor for producing new melon cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
E. A. Varivoda ◽  
Т. G. Koleboshina ◽  
М. S. Kornilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Dry Matter

Background. The main trend in melon breeding is the development of cultivars with good taste, high yield, and disease resistance. The task may be solved through a scientific search for new source material meeting these requirements.Materials and methods. The research was performed at Bykovsky Cucurbit Breeding Experiment Station. Melon accessions of various origin and F1 hybrids from the nursery of source material served as the research material. In total, during the period of 2015–2017, over 100 melon accessions were studied: 45 accessions from the VIR collection, 61 from various companies, and 12 developed at various research institutions. In the nursery of source material, the accessions were hybridized and the resulting hybrid combinations were tested, including tests against infections. All of them were evaluated for their economically useful traits, yield, taste qualities, and resistance to bio- and abiostressors. During the trials they were compared with the best released cultivars approved for dryland conditions according to the developed guidelines.Results. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic collections of melons and obtain new source forms for further breeding. As a result of the study of the collection material, 12 accessions were identified with the following economically useful traits: high yield (exceeding the reference by more than 20%), high dry matter content (from 14 to 19%), large fruit size (fruit weight higher than 4.0 kg), and other features. After hybridization and testing in F1, the following 5 hybrid combinations were distinguished: Ekler × Osen; Dyuna × Mayskaya, Sheker and No 323; Katyusha × Mestny (k-7459, Georgia); Harmony × Mestny (k7461, Georgia), characterized by a set of features important for breeding.Conclusion. Thus, for further improvement by breeding and release of new melon cultivars, source accessions were selected with a yield exceeding 15.0 t/ha, dry matter content of 13.0%, bright fruit color, and resistance to diseases.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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