scholarly journals Impact of chlorpyrifos toxicity on gill damage of two species of freshwater fish in Lake Diatas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Tivany Edwin ◽  
Taufiq Ihsan ◽  
Aufa Rahmatika ◽  
Nanda Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Fish Gill ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Lake Diatas is one of the important lake which is influenced by agricultural activities around the lake, and chlorpyrifos is widely used as a pesticide in this area. This study aimed to analyze the damage of the gill tissue of Oreochromis niloticus L. and Cyprinus carpio L. as two freshwater fish, which are mostly caught to be consumed by the residents in Lake Diatas, Indonesia, that were exposed to chlorpyrifos. Methods: Acclimatization was performed for 14 days and continued with toxicity test for 30 days. Chlorpyrifos exposure was tested at various concentrations. Fish gill tissue was observed microscopically in 10, 20, and 30 days of exposure, and damages were scored based on the level of gill tissue damage. Results: It was revealed that O. niloticus L. experienced edema, proximal basal hyperplasia, fusion, hyperplasia in all secondary lamellae, and necrosis at the higher exposure concentration. While C. carpio L. experienced fusion, hyperplasia, clubbing, necrosis, and obvious degradation of gill tissue of fish after 30 days of exposure to chlorpyrifos. There was a significant difference in the damage of fish gill tissue between each variation treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the higher the concentration of chlorpyrifos and the longer the exposure time, the higher the level of damage in gill tissue.

scholarly journals Potensi Reproduksi Ikan Air Tawar Sebagai Baby Fish

Biosfera ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Nuning Setyaningrum ◽  
Eko Setio Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Significant Difference

Informasi dasar mengenai potensi reproduksi ikan dapat diperoleh dari tinjauan fenomena perkembangan gonad, untuk memprediksi proses reproduksi sampai ikan memijah dan menghasilkan benih sebagai baby fish. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui fekunditas, diameter telur, gonado somato index (GSI) dan kelangsungan hidup larva. Metode yang digunakan survey, pengambilan sampel puposive random. Materi penelitian adalah induk Cyprinus carpio, Barbonymus gonionatus, Osteochillus vittatus, Oreochromis niloticus dan Clarias gariepinus, sebanyak 3 pasang/species. Variabel  adalah fekunditas, diameter telur, gonado somato index (GSI) dan kelangsungan hidup larva. Parameter yang diukur berat ikan, berat gonad, jumlah telur sebagian, ukuran telur dan jumlah larva hidup. Metode penelitian survey, pengambilan data adalah puposive  random dan data dianalisis dengan Anova. Hasil penelitian  diperoleh bahwa  fekunditas dan GSI  pada 5 species ikan menunjukkan perbedaan (P<0,05), B. gonionotus  memiliki fekunditas tertinggi rata-rata 182.320 butir dan O. vittatus memiliki nilai GSI tertinggi  35,13%. Diameter telur  berbeda-beda pada semua  spesies,  B. Gonionotus memiliki diameter terkecil yaitu kisaran 0,486 – 0,729 mm, sedangkan diameter terbesar pada ikan C. carpio rata-rata  1,170 mm. Larva  O. Niloticus menghasilkan prosentase kelangsungan hidup terbaik sebesar 97%, O. vittatus 93%, C. carpio 77,2%, C. gariepinus 51,6%, B. gonionotus 31%  dan uji Least Significant Difference  larva O. niloticus dan O. vittatus  memiliki kelangsungan hidup sama baik,  berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai baby fish. O. vittatus memiliki peluang besar dikembangkan menjadi baby fish sampai ukuran 5 g/ekor dengan fekunditas rata-rata 16.250 butir.

scholarly journals Sublethal Toxicity Tests of Mercury (Hg) to Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti) Gills Tissue Damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Asrul Sahri Siregar ◽  
Norman Arie Prayogo ◽  
Emyliana Listiowati ◽  
Mahendro Santoso ◽  
Indra Gumay Yudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Fish Gill ◽  
Randomized Design

Industry development in Indonesia resulted in sewage and polluting heavy metals such as mercury (Hg). These pollutants will be harm organisms that live at aquatic environment. Fish gills could be damage due to exposure by mercury. To know the influence of mercury’s toxic against aquatic organisms by using toxicity test. An aquatic organism, which is usually used as toxicity test, is nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti). The objective of the study was to determine the value of LC50-96 hours in a toxicity test of nilem fish exposed to lead acetate; to determine the changes in the fish gill and to determine the concentration of lead mercury which causes tissue damage structure in the gills of nilem fish. The design used completely randomized design (CRD) with four concentrations (0; 0.08; 0.16 and 0.24 ppm) and three replications. The objective of the study was sublethal toxicity test. Lethal toxicity concentration data were descriptive and data from sublethal toxicity test were One Way. The analysis showed that there were highest edema 10% and 17% on day 4 and 12, the highest lamella fusion 35% and 59% on day 4 and 12, the highest hyperplasia 45% and 54% on day 4 and 12, and the highest necrosis the 65% and 80% on day 4 and 12. It was concluded that the value of LC50-96 hours in nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) toxicity test was 0,3938 ppm; and damage of fish gill tissue changes started to occur in the lead mercury (Hg) concentration of 0,08 ppm.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Dalam Penentuan LC50-96H Insektisida Klorpirifos Terhadap Dua Jenis Ikan Budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiq Ihsan ◽  
Tivany Edwin ◽  
Nailul Husni ◽  
Widia Detiari Rukmana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Static Test

ABSTRAKPenggunaan insektisida klorpirifos mencapai 99,8% oleh petani di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Fungsi utama klorpirifos dalam pertanian adalah melindungi tanaman jagung, kapas dan buah-buahan terhadap hama serangga. Klorpirifos yang telah disemprotkan ke tanaman, berpotensi terbilas oleh air dan mengalir ke wilayah perairan sehingga dapat mencemari ekosistem perairan. Salah satu biota perairan adalah ikan. Tak terkecuali kegiatan pertanian dan perkebunan di Kawasan Danau Kembar (Danau Di Ateh dan Danau Di Bawah), Sumatera Barat. Klorpirifos yang biasa digunakan para petani di kawasan ini adalah merk Dursban. Konsentrasi klorpirifos terdeteksi sebesar 0,007 mg/L di perairan danau tempat melakukan budidaya ikan. Jenis ikan yang biasa dibudidayakan di Danau Kembar adalah Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L) dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji toksisitas akut dan menganalisis nilai LC50-96h insektisida klorpirifos dengan menggunakan hewan uji dua jenis ikan budidaya tersebut pada skala laboratorium. Penentuan nilai LC50-96h mengacu pada Metode USEPA. Jumlah hewan uji untuk masing-masing jenis ikan adalah 240 ekor dengan umur ± 1 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua kali pengulangan dengan metode static test. Uji toksisitas akut ini meliputi uji pendahuluan dan uji dasar. Pengujian berlangsung dalam kondisi fisik air sesuai batas yang diizinkan untuk pemeliharaan ikan budidaya yaitu pH 6 – 9, DO minimal 3 mg/L dan suhu 25 – 30 oC. Hasil penelitian uji toksisitas akut ini diperoleh nilai LC50-96h dengan menggunakan Metode Probit sebesar 0,03 mg/L (ikan mas) dan 0,08 mg/L (ikan nila). Berdasarkan nilai LC50-96h yang diperoleh, klorpirifos termasuk kategori sangat toksik, sehingga monitoring terhadap penggunaan insektisida ini sangat diperlukan.Kata kunci: Danau Kembar, Ikan Mas, Ikan Nila, Klorpirifos, LC50-96h, Toksisitas Akut.ABSTRACTThe use of chlorpyrifos insecticide reached 99.8% by farmers in West Sumatera Province. The main function of chlorpyrifos in agriculture is to protect corn, cotton and fruit trees against insect pests. Chlorpyrifos that have been sprayed into plants, potentially flushed by water and flowed into the water body so as to pollute the aquatic ecosystems. One of the aquatic biota is the fish. No exception agricultural and plantation activities in the area of Twin Lakes (Di Ateh Lake and Di Bawah Lake), West Sumatra. Chlorpyrifos commonly used by farmers in this region is the brand Dursban. Measurements of chlorpyrifos concentration was 0.007 mg/L in the waters of the lake where fish cultivation. Types of fish commonly cultivated in Twin Lakes are Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aims to perform the acute toxicity test and analyze the value of LC50-96h chlorpyrifos insecticide by using the test animals of two species of fish cultivation on the laboratory scale. The determination of the LC50-96h value refers to the USEPA Method. The number of test animals for each species of fish is 240 with an age of ± 1 month. The study was conducted with two repetitions using static test method. These acute toxicity tests include preliminary and baseline tests. The test takes place in the physical condition of the water according to the permitted limits for the maintenance of the aquaculture fish ie pH 6 - 9, DO at least 3 mg/L and temperature 25 - 30oC. The results of this acute toxicity test obtained LC50-96h value using Probit Method of 0.03 mg/L (carp) and 0.08 mg/L (tilapia). Based on the value of LC50-96h obtained, chlorpyrifos is a highly toxic category, so monitoring of the use of insecticides is important.Keywords: Twin Lakes, Common carp, Nile tilapia, Chlorpyrifos, LC50-96h, Acute ToxicityCitation: Ihsan, T., Edwin, T., Husni, N., dan Rukmana, W.D. (2018). Uji Toksisitas Akut dalam Penentuan LC50-96h Insektisida Klorpirifos terhadap Dua Jenis Ikan Budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 98-103, doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.98-103

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

scholarly journals SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF COMBINATION ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DETAM 1 SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L. MERR) AND JATI BELANDA (GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAMK) TOWARD FUNCTION, WEIGHT, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OF WISTAR RAT LIVER

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Meilinah Hidayat ◽  
Sijani Prahastuti ◽  
Estherolita Dewi ◽  
Dewi Safitri ◽  
Siti Farah Rahmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTObjective: As an antiobesity therapy, combination extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati Belanda will be consumed for a long time; therefore, theirtoxicities to the liver need to be investigated. To determine the effect of subchronic toxicity test of combination of ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybean(EEDS) and ethanol extract of Jati Belanda (EEJB) on liver function with parameters: Alanine transaminase (ALT), macroscopic, and histopathologicalof liver.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 Wistar rats (60 males and 60 females), 90 days (treatment group) and 120 days (satellite group). Ratswere divided into six treatment groups (3 test materials, 1 control, and 2 satellites); each group included 10 males and 10 females.Results: ALT levels of treatment groups (low dose, medium, and high), both males and females were lower than the control group (p<0.05). Thetreatment groups demonstrated a good effects effect on liver function. Liver weight of all groups showed no significant difference compared with thecontrol group (p>0.05). Results of histopathological score interpretation of male and female liver rats of low dose groups were not disturbed; middledose groups were slightly disturbed and high dose groups were damaged. Satellite high doses of male groups were disrupted, while female groupswere not.Conclusion: The combination of EEDS and EEJB has a good effect on liver function, did not lead to change organ weight and at low doses did not causerenal histopathology damage in rats after 90 days administration.Keywords: Combination of soybean Jati Belanda, Toxicity subchronic test, Function, Weight, Histopathology, Liver.

scholarly journals Viability of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm at 4°C temperature storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Dimas Fendy Pradana ◽  
Ignatius Hardaningsih ◽  
Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Temperature Storage

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sperm viability of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cryopreservation pre-conditions at 4°C. The design used in this study was Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments, BSS as a control, 10% DMSO, 0,2 M Sucrose, and 5% DMSO + 0,1 M Sucrose; each consist of three replications. The parameters observed were progressive motility of fresh sperm, diluted sperm before low temperature storage, and 2 hours; 3 hours; 4 hours; 5 hours; one day; one week; a month after 4°C storage. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The data showed that there was no significant difference between treatment (P>0.05). The best viability was 40.56% of sperm motility which survive for one week, it was achieved by 5% DMSO + 0,1 M Sucrose.

Description of Freshwater Fish Traditional Smoking in the Western Region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Felix Meutchieye ◽  
Henri Grisseur Djoukeng ◽  
Youssouf Jamilou Ngouyamsa ◽  
Yacouba Manjeli
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Average Quantity

Western Cameroon is one of the regions most in needs of innovative and healthy solutions for freshwater fish conservation. This study aimed at evaluating the socio-economical characteristics of fish smokers and technical factors on the species smoked in the Noun Division. A total of 91 fish smokers were chosen. The socio-economic data were on age, gender, religion, number of dependents, marital status, ethnic group, education level, economic activities, smoking goals and workforce. The results of this study showed that fish smoking is practiced mainly by women (70%) which is common in Sub Sahara Africa small scale fish sector. The smokers are aged from 20 to 50 years (80%), married (92.2%) and taking care of a family of 1 to 10 persons (80%). These smokers are Muslim (74%), belonging to the Bamoun ethnic group (81%). They were also involved in other activities: agriculture (29%) and trade (1%). About 67% of the sampled smokers’ population had an experience of more than 10 years in the domain. The Purpose of smoking was largely sales (97%) and subsistence (3%). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was the most smoked species (36%), followed by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with a proportion of 32%. The average quantity of fresh fish smoked was 110 kg/day/smoker, with Oreochromis niloticus being more produced (60±4.74 kg/day/smoker). With regard to the smoking techniques used, hygiene measures were poorly respected. The major constraints revealed by the survey were that freshwater’s traditional fish smoking activities in Noun Division are influenced by gender, economic and cultural background. There is a lack of technical support material and financial means. Any implications for future investigations on health and food safety will be suitable for fresh fish smokers and the entire consumers.

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