scholarly journals Mitigation strategies to enhance the ambition of the nationally determined contributions : an analysis of 4 European countries with the decarbonization wedges methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Mathy ◽  
Philippe Menanteau
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Objective

  Greater efforts are needed to bridge the emission gap between Nationally Determined Contributions and the objective to limit climate change below 2°C. This paper focuses on four European-Union countries: Germany, France, Poland and UK that represent on aggregate 55% of current EU emissions. It analyses national mitigation strategies produced by national research teams in the framework of the COP21_RIPPLES project and compatible with a long-term objective leading to a well below 2°C target either as part of an ambition in 2030 limited to that of the NDCs, or as part of more ambitious early action. We use the decarbonization wedges methodology, an advanced index decomposition analysis methodology for quantifying the contribution of different mitigation strategies. This makes it possible to assess the priorities for action to strengthen the NDCs. The article also highlights the impact sectoral growth dynamics have on the emission trajectories and the resulting necessary mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals Years of life lost due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies based on Swiss data

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik A. Moser ◽  
Jennifer Glaus ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
Daniel S. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Psychosocial Consequence ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background. The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced governments to implement strict social mitigation strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality from acute infections. These strategies, however, carry a significant risk for mental health, which can lead to increased short-term and long-term mortality and is currently not included in modeling the impact of the pandemic. Methods. We used years of life lost (YLL) as the main outcome measure, applied to Switzerland as an example. We focused on suicide, depression, alcohol use disorder, childhood trauma due to domestic violence, changes in marital status, and social isolation, as these are known to increase YLL in the context of imposed restriction in social contact and freedom of movement. We stipulated a minimum duration of mitigation of 3 months based on current public health plans. Results. The study projects that the average person would suffer 0.205 YLL due to psychosocial consequence of COVID-19 mitigation measures. However, this loss would be entirely borne by 2.1% of the population, who will suffer an average of 9.79 YLL. Conclusions. The results presented here are likely to underestimate the true impact of the mitigation strategies on YLL. However, they highlight the need for public health models to expand their scope in order to provide better estimates of the risks and benefits of mitigation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Increases and Recent Slowdowns of CO2 Emissions in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6924
Author(s):  
Wankeun Oh ◽  
Jonghyun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
End Use

Korea is one of the fastest-growing CO2-emitting countries but has recently experienced a dramatic slowdown in emissions. The objective of the study is to examine the driving factors of long-term increases (1990–2015) and their slowdown (2012–2015) in emissions of Korea. This study uses an extended index decomposition analysis model that better fits Korea’s emission trends of the last 25 years by encompassing 19 energy end-use sectors (18 economic sectors and a household sector) and three energy types. The results show that emission increases in the long term (1990–2015) come from economic growth and population growth. However, improvements in energy intensity, carbon intensity, and economic structure offset large portions of CO2 emissions. The recent slowdown (2012–2015) mainly resulted from a decline in energy intensity and carbon intensity in the economic sectors. Among the different energy types, electricity has played a significant role in decreasing emissions because industries have reduced the consumption of electricity per output and the source of electricity generation has shifted to cleaner energies. These results imply that the Korean government should support strategies that reduce energy intensity and carbon intensity in the future to reduce CO2 emissions and maintain sustainable development.

scholarly journals The “Eco-Effectiveness” of Agritourism Dynamics in Italy and Spain: A Tool for Evaluating Regional Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7080
Author(s):  
Angelo Belliggiano ◽  
Eugenio Cejudo Garcia ◽  
Marilena Labianca ◽  
Francisco Navarro Valverde ◽  
Stefano De Rubertis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Index Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ecological Dimension

Rural tourism has commonly been identified as one of the main areas of application of the principles of sustainable tourism, but the literature has typically focused solely on the ecological dimension, particularly when referring to agritourism. This study presents a new approach to assessing the “eco-effectiveness” of the evolutionary dynamics of agritourism, as applied in a study of NUTS-2 regions in two European countries (Spain and Italy) that have implemented similar rural development strategies. To this end, a synthetic sustainability index was developed using the Index Decomposition Analysis (IDA) technique. The last period of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2007–2013 was chosen for the study in order to analyze the outcomes of a programming cycle focusing on the diversification of agriculture through tourism. The results show that the sustainability of agritourism growth is not homogeneous and has specific features in different regions of the same country. In some cases, there were more similarities with regions from other countries. This tool could help evaluate the impact of agritourism and facilitate comparisons between different regions, in this way supporting the process of transition from a linear to a circular economy.

scholarly journals Exposure and risk factors for COVID-19 and the impact of staying home on Michigan residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Han H Wu ◽  
Whitney E Hornsby ◽  
Bethany Klunder ◽  
Amelia Krause ◽  
Anisa Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on clinical care and lifestyles globally. The State of Michigan reports over 80,000 positive COVID-19 tests between March 1, 2020 and July 29, 2020. We surveyed 8,047 Michigan Medicine biorepository participants in late June 2020. We found that 58% of COVID-19 cases reported no known exposure to family members or to someone outside the house diagnosed with COVID-19. A significantly higher rate of COVID-19 cases were employed as essential workers (45% vs 19%, p=3x10-11). COVID-19 cases reporting a fever were more likely to require hospitalization (categorized as severe; OR = 4.6 [95% CI: 1.7-13.0, p=0.004]) whereas respondents reporting rhinorrhea was less likely to require hospitalization (categorized as mild-to-moderate; OR = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.04-0.70, p=0.016]). African-Americans reported higher rates of being diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2-7.2, p=1x10-4]), as well as higher rates of exposure to family or someone outside the household diagnosed with COVID-19, an annual household income < $40,000, living in rental housing, and chronic diseases. During the Executive Order in Michigan, African Americans, women, and the lowest income group reported worsening health behaviors and higher overall concern for the potential detrimental effects of the pandemic. The higher risk of contracting COVID-19 observed among African Americans may be due to the increased rates of working as essential employees, lower socioeconomic status, and exposure to known positive cases. Continued efforts should focus on COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies, as well as address the inequality gaps that result in higher risks for both short-term and long-term health outcomes.

scholarly journals Optimising social mixing strategies achieving COVID-19 herd immunity while minimising mortality in six European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Ragonnet ◽  
Guillaume Briffoteaux ◽  
Bridget M. Williams ◽  
Julian Savulescu ◽  
Matthew Segal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractStrategies are needed to minimise the impact of COVID-19 in the medium-to-long term, until safe and effective vaccines can be used. Using a mathematical model in a formal optimisation framework, we identified contact mitigation strategies that minimised COVID-19-related mortality over a time-horizon of 15 months while achieving herd immunity in six or 12 months, in Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. We show that manipulation of social contacts by age can reduce the impact of COVID-19 considerably in the presence of intense transmission. If immunity was persistent, the optimised scenarios would result in herd immunity while causing a number of deaths considerably lower than that observed during the March-April European wave in Belgium, France, Spain and Sweden, whereas the numbers of deaths required to achieve herd immunity would be comparable to somewhat larger that the past epidemics in Italy and the UK. Our results also suggest that countries’ herd immunity thresholds may be considerably lower than first estimated for SARS-CoV-2. If post-infection immunity was short-lived, ongoing contact mitigation would be required to prevent major epidemic resurgence.

scholarly journals Exposure and risk factors for COVID-19 and the impact of staying home on Michigan residents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246447
Author(s):  
Kuan-Han H. Wu ◽  
Whitney E. Hornsby ◽  
Bethany Klunder ◽  
Amelia Krause ◽  
Anisa Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on clinical care and lifestyles globally. The State of Michigan reports over 80,000 positive COVID-19 tests between March 1, 2020 and July 29, 2020. We surveyed 8,041 Michigan Medicine biorepository participants in late June 2020. We found that 55% of COVID-19 cases reported no known exposure to family members or to someone outside the house diagnosed with COVID-19. A significantly higher rate of COVID-19 cases were employed as essential workers (45% vs 19%, p = 9x10-12). COVID-19 cases reporting a fever were more likely to require hospitalization (categorized as severe; OR = 4.4 [95% CI: 1.6–12.5, p = 0.005]) whereas respondents reporting rhinorrhea was less likely to require hospitalization (categorized as mild-to-moderate; OR = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.04–0.73, p = 0.018]). African-Americans reported higher rates of being diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2–7.2, p = 5x10-6]), as well as higher rates of exposure to family or someone outside the household diagnosed with COVID-19, an annual household income < $40,000, living in rental housing, and chronic diseases. During the Executive Order in Michigan, African Americans, women, and the lowest income group reported worsening health behaviors and higher overall concern for the potential detrimental effects of the pandemic. The higher risk of contracting COVID-19 observed among African Americans may be due to the increased rates of working as essential employees, lower socioeconomic status, and exposure to known positive cases. Continued efforts should focus on COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies, as well as address the inequality gaps that result in higher risks for both short-term and long-term health outcomes.

Addressing the Drivers of Carbon Emissions Embodied in Indian Exports: An Index Decomposition Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvajit Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Index Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
The Impact

This study identifies the determinants that have an observable impact over the change in carbon dioxide emissions embodied in the production of Indian exports by adopting an index decomposition analysis to address the contribution from four mutually non-exclusive factors which arise due to India’s increasing export performance during the 1995–2009 period on the change in total emissions embodied in exports. These four factors are scale effect, composition effect, emission regulation effect and production efficiency effect. The idea of bringing the last two effects is to capture the impact from technology factor due to international trade. This study found an increased emission embodiment in exports of 234.24 mega-tonnes by using input–output modelling with ‘emissions embodied in bilateral trade’ approach and then applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index-I (LMDI-I)-based additive and multiplicative formulae following Ang and Zhang (2000) and Ang (2004) to conduct the decomposition exercise. This study finds the scale effect as the largest contributing factor increasing the emission levels by more than 184 per cent of the original increase, while the other three effects creating dampening impact over this scale-driven increase. Emission regulation effects created the maximum cleaning-up impact, especially during the 2002–2009 phase. JEL Codes: C67, F64, Q43, Q48, Q56

scholarly journals Mitigating the Impact of Long-Term Construction on the Health of Older Adult Residents in New York City’s Chinatown

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Simona Kwon ◽  
Yi-Ling Tan ◽  
Jennifer Wong ◽  
Janet Pan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Recent proposed major construction projects in New York City’s Chinatown often last multiple years. Little is known about the health impact of construction on vulnerable populations such as older adults. In Chinatown, approximately 20% of residents are older adults, live below the poverty level (34%), have a disability (47%), and nearly half report limited English proficiency. Objectives: We are conducting a mixed methods study to describe possible health and psychosocial outcomes of construction on older adults in Chinatown. Methods: We used a community-engaged modified Delphi process to identify priority areas related to construction and older adults which included: 1) a scoping review of the health impact of long-term construction; 2) key informant interviews of academic experts; and 3) convened community stakeholder leaders to review key focus areas and evidence-informed, culturally-relevant mitigation strategies. Five priority topics were identified: 1) Construction site emissions; 2) Noise; 3) Outdoor nocturnal lighting; 4) Neighborhood changes; and 5) Relocation. Results: Long-term construction contributes to adverse effects of air pollution, noise, and changes in the environment, with exposure to particulate matter and unwanted noise associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Unsafe sidewalk due to construction increase the risk of falling, the leading cause of death among NYC seniors. Construction-related stressors may isolate older adults from vital services and social networks. Conclusion: Long-term construction poses serious health implications for older adults. Stakeholders should adopt a community-engaged approach and identify meaningful community priorities to inform practical solutions to mitigate the impact of construction on vulnerable Chinatown older adults.

Can inbound medical tourism boost Malaysia’s economic growth?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chor Foon Tang ◽  
Ahmad Sofwan Nathan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Medical tourism is an extensively researched sub-sector of the tourism industry because of its acknowledged role as an important catalyst for economic growth. Nevertheless, the impact of medical tourism on economic growth remains contentious due to associated negative externalities. This paper assesses medical tourism’s role in Malaysia’s long-term economic growth using a neoclassical growth model as its framework and a set of time series econometric approaches, namely cointegration, Granger causality and variance decomposition analysis as core instruments. The results indicate that medical tourism has significant positive impact on Malaysia’s economic growth in the long run.

scholarly journals Post-COVID-19 Scenarios of Global Airline Traffic until 2040 That Reflect Airport Capacity Constraints and Mitigation Strategies

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Marc Christopher Gelhausen ◽  
Peter Berster ◽  
Dieter Wilken
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Nodes

Although there has been an unprecedented decline in traffic volume due to the COVID-19 crisis, robust growth in global demand for air transport services in the past means that air traffic is expected to recover in the long term. While capacity constraints are currently not a major topic at airports due to the extremely low levels of traffic, there is growing evidence to suggest that important nodes of the worldwide airport network will struggle to deal with capacity constraints after the recovery. The objectives of this research were therefore as follows: to elaborate long-term global passenger and flight volume scenarios in a post-COVID-19 world; to conduct an empirical and model-based analysis of the impact of limited airport capacity on the future development of air traffic in these scenarios; and to derive general strategies for mitigating capacity constraints at certain international airports. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to present a model-based scenario analysis of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the capacity situation for airports. Our results indicate that once the pandemic is over, the capacity crunch will remain on the airports’ agenda for some time.

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