scholarly journals Exposure and risk factors for COVID-19 and the impact of staying home on Michigan residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Han H Wu ◽  
Whitney E Hornsby ◽  
Bethany Klunder ◽  
Amelia Krause ◽  
Anisa Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on clinical care and lifestyles globally. The State of Michigan reports over 80,000 positive COVID-19 tests between March 1, 2020 and July 29, 2020. We surveyed 8,047 Michigan Medicine biorepository participants in late June 2020. We found that 58% of COVID-19 cases reported no known exposure to family members or to someone outside the house diagnosed with COVID-19. A significantly higher rate of COVID-19 cases were employed as essential workers (45% vs 19%, p=3x10-11). COVID-19 cases reporting a fever were more likely to require hospitalization (categorized as severe; OR = 4.6 [95% CI: 1.7-13.0, p=0.004]) whereas respondents reporting rhinorrhea was less likely to require hospitalization (categorized as mild-to-moderate; OR = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.04-0.70, p=0.016]). African-Americans reported higher rates of being diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2-7.2, p=1x10-4]), as well as higher rates of exposure to family or someone outside the household diagnosed with COVID-19, an annual household income < $40,000, living in rental housing, and chronic diseases. During the Executive Order in Michigan, African Americans, women, and the lowest income group reported worsening health behaviors and higher overall concern for the potential detrimental effects of the pandemic. The higher risk of contracting COVID-19 observed among African Americans may be due to the increased rates of working as essential employees, lower socioeconomic status, and exposure to known positive cases. Continued efforts should focus on COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies, as well as address the inequality gaps that result in higher risks for both short-term and long-term health outcomes.

scholarly journals Exposure and risk factors for COVID-19 and the impact of staying home on Michigan residents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246447
Author(s):  
Kuan-Han H. Wu ◽  
Whitney E. Hornsby ◽  
Bethany Klunder ◽  
Amelia Krause ◽  
Anisa Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on clinical care and lifestyles globally. The State of Michigan reports over 80,000 positive COVID-19 tests between March 1, 2020 and July 29, 2020. We surveyed 8,041 Michigan Medicine biorepository participants in late June 2020. We found that 55% of COVID-19 cases reported no known exposure to family members or to someone outside the house diagnosed with COVID-19. A significantly higher rate of COVID-19 cases were employed as essential workers (45% vs 19%, p = 9x10-12). COVID-19 cases reporting a fever were more likely to require hospitalization (categorized as severe; OR = 4.4 [95% CI: 1.6–12.5, p = 0.005]) whereas respondents reporting rhinorrhea was less likely to require hospitalization (categorized as mild-to-moderate; OR = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.04–0.73, p = 0.018]). African-Americans reported higher rates of being diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2–7.2, p = 5x10-6]), as well as higher rates of exposure to family or someone outside the household diagnosed with COVID-19, an annual household income < $40,000, living in rental housing, and chronic diseases. During the Executive Order in Michigan, African Americans, women, and the lowest income group reported worsening health behaviors and higher overall concern for the potential detrimental effects of the pandemic. The higher risk of contracting COVID-19 observed among African Americans may be due to the increased rates of working as essential employees, lower socioeconomic status, and exposure to known positive cases. Continued efforts should focus on COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies, as well as address the inequality gaps that result in higher risks for both short-term and long-term health outcomes.

scholarly journals Years of life lost due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies based on Swiss data

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik A. Moser ◽  
Jennifer Glaus ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
Daniel S. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Psychosocial Consequence ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background. The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced governments to implement strict social mitigation strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality from acute infections. These strategies, however, carry a significant risk for mental health, which can lead to increased short-term and long-term mortality and is currently not included in modeling the impact of the pandemic. Methods. We used years of life lost (YLL) as the main outcome measure, applied to Switzerland as an example. We focused on suicide, depression, alcohol use disorder, childhood trauma due to domestic violence, changes in marital status, and social isolation, as these are known to increase YLL in the context of imposed restriction in social contact and freedom of movement. We stipulated a minimum duration of mitigation of 3 months based on current public health plans. Results. The study projects that the average person would suffer 0.205 YLL due to psychosocial consequence of COVID-19 mitigation measures. However, this loss would be entirely borne by 2.1% of the population, who will suffer an average of 9.79 YLL. Conclusions. The results presented here are likely to underestimate the true impact of the mitigation strategies on YLL. However, they highlight the need for public health models to expand their scope in order to provide better estimates of the risks and benefits of mitigation.

scholarly journals Examining COVID-19 and HIV: The impact of intersectional stigma on short- and long-term health outcomes among African Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Liesl A Nydegger ◽  
Mandy J Hill
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
African American Health

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the health disparities and structural racism among African Americans. We examined overlaps between the COVID-19 pandemic and HIV epidemic using an intersectional stigma framework through the lens of Critical Race Theory. Intersectional stigma, medical mistrust, and decreased likelihood of referral for HIV and COVID-19 testing leads to decreased engagement in the healthcare system. Social inequities increase health disparities and lead to increased rates of chronic diseases, which increases the risk and severity of COVID-19. Solutions to mitigate impact among African Americans include increasing engagement regarding African American health, funding, and providers of color.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dietary of Malay Hypertensive Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Najihah Baderol Allam ◽  
Siti Sabariah Buhari ◽  
Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid ◽  
Agil Dhiemitra
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dietary restrictions among hypertensive patients. This study aimed to explore the experience of dietary management among Malay hypertensive patients during COVID-19. The results outlined divergent changes in dietary practices among participants, including improvement, worsening, as well as no changes. The effect of the pandemic has both negatively and positively impacted on dietary, which could have a substantial impact on the population's health in the short and long term if they are sustained. Keywords: Dietary ; Physical Activity ; Covid-19 ; Hypertension eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3086

scholarly journals Optimising social mixing strategies achieving COVID-19 herd immunity while minimising mortality in six European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Ragonnet ◽  
Guillaume Briffoteaux ◽  
Bridget M. Williams ◽  
Julian Savulescu ◽  
Matthew Segal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractStrategies are needed to minimise the impact of COVID-19 in the medium-to-long term, until safe and effective vaccines can be used. Using a mathematical model in a formal optimisation framework, we identified contact mitigation strategies that minimised COVID-19-related mortality over a time-horizon of 15 months while achieving herd immunity in six or 12 months, in Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. We show that manipulation of social contacts by age can reduce the impact of COVID-19 considerably in the presence of intense transmission. If immunity was persistent, the optimised scenarios would result in herd immunity while causing a number of deaths considerably lower than that observed during the March-April European wave in Belgium, France, Spain and Sweden, whereas the numbers of deaths required to achieve herd immunity would be comparable to somewhat larger that the past epidemics in Italy and the UK. Our results also suggest that countries’ herd immunity thresholds may be considerably lower than first estimated for SARS-CoV-2. If post-infection immunity was short-lived, ongoing contact mitigation would be required to prevent major epidemic resurgence.

The Impact of Airbnb on Long-Term Rental Housing: The Case of Ljubljana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Polona Obrč ◽  
◽  
Boštjan Kerbler ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overnight Stays

Airbnb has become a fixture in the development of global cities. It especially impacts cities’ residential characteristics. The company works with the concept of the sharing economy, the essence of which is the exchange of services or goods between individuals who set the rules of operation without generating profits, but together generate more revenue. It insists that it does not represent a form of direct competition with other urban accommodation services and that it merely seeks to expand the tourism market. Nonetheless, this article proceeds from the assumption that Airbnb is influencing and transforming the housing market of the cities it operates in. It focuses on Ljubljana, which until 2019 had a record number of international arrivals and overnight stays. The findings confirm that short-term Airbnb rentals have affected the long-term rental market in Ljubljana. They also show that a very large share of rentals through Airbnb take place in the grey economy. However, the analysis of cases from selected European cities showed that, in addition to the drawbacks described, Airbnb also has positive effects on the development of cities. It is therefore necessary to accept and adapt appropriately to this global phenomenon through specific measures, such as those proposed in the conclusion for Ljubljana.

The impact of Airbnb on housing affordability: Evidence from Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110431
Author(s):  
Cong Liang ◽  
Matthew Chi Hei Yeung ◽  
Alan Kai Ming Au
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Recent years have witnessed the rapid expansion of the home-sharing business. The home-sharing services provided by Airbnb not only allow the homeowner to earn extra income by renting out part of the property to the potential renters but also provides the renters an authentic travel experience by living with residents. The emerging business model of Airbnb may bring about some uncertainties to rental housing markets. This study aims to explore an important issue – whether the home-sharing services provided by Airbnb would exacerbate the problem of housing affordability in Hong Kong. By examining the data from multiple sources such as the website of Airbnb and Census statistics from the Hong Kong Government, and housing rental transactions from property agents’ website via several econometric methods, we found that (1) the arrival of Airbnb would drive up housing rent rate around 3.6–4%; (2) The Airbnb activities would increase the rent-to-income ratio by 4%–4.7% in Hong Kong; (3) short-term home-sharing provided by Airbnb under current circumstance would lead to housing unaffordability in Hong Kong. It is suggested that regulations/guidelines on home-sharing should set a quota or limit the number of offering from long-term rentals to short-term rentals.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Impact of Long-Term Construction on the Health of Older Adult Residents in New York City’s Chinatown

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Simona Kwon ◽  
Yi-Ling Tan ◽  
Jennifer Wong ◽  
Janet Pan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Recent proposed major construction projects in New York City’s Chinatown often last multiple years. Little is known about the health impact of construction on vulnerable populations such as older adults. In Chinatown, approximately 20% of residents are older adults, live below the poverty level (34%), have a disability (47%), and nearly half report limited English proficiency. Objectives: We are conducting a mixed methods study to describe possible health and psychosocial outcomes of construction on older adults in Chinatown. Methods: We used a community-engaged modified Delphi process to identify priority areas related to construction and older adults which included: 1) a scoping review of the health impact of long-term construction; 2) key informant interviews of academic experts; and 3) convened community stakeholder leaders to review key focus areas and evidence-informed, culturally-relevant mitigation strategies. Five priority topics were identified: 1) Construction site emissions; 2) Noise; 3) Outdoor nocturnal lighting; 4) Neighborhood changes; and 5) Relocation. Results: Long-term construction contributes to adverse effects of air pollution, noise, and changes in the environment, with exposure to particulate matter and unwanted noise associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Unsafe sidewalk due to construction increase the risk of falling, the leading cause of death among NYC seniors. Construction-related stressors may isolate older adults from vital services and social networks. Conclusion: Long-term construction poses serious health implications for older adults. Stakeholders should adopt a community-engaged approach and identify meaningful community priorities to inform practical solutions to mitigate the impact of construction on vulnerable Chinatown older adults.

scholarly journals Post-COVID-19 Scenarios of Global Airline Traffic until 2040 That Reflect Airport Capacity Constraints and Mitigation Strategies

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Marc Christopher Gelhausen ◽  
Peter Berster ◽  
Dieter Wilken
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Nodes

Although there has been an unprecedented decline in traffic volume due to the COVID-19 crisis, robust growth in global demand for air transport services in the past means that air traffic is expected to recover in the long term. While capacity constraints are currently not a major topic at airports due to the extremely low levels of traffic, there is growing evidence to suggest that important nodes of the worldwide airport network will struggle to deal with capacity constraints after the recovery. The objectives of this research were therefore as follows: to elaborate long-term global passenger and flight volume scenarios in a post-COVID-19 world; to conduct an empirical and model-based analysis of the impact of limited airport capacity on the future development of air traffic in these scenarios; and to derive general strategies for mitigating capacity constraints at certain international airports. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to present a model-based scenario analysis of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the capacity situation for airports. Our results indicate that once the pandemic is over, the capacity crunch will remain on the airports’ agenda for some time.

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