Acute Effects of Extended Interval Training on Countermovement Jump and Handgrip Strength Performance in Endurance Athletes

AbstractThe present study analyzed the acute effects of an incremental running test on countermovement jump (CMJ) and handgrip strength performance in endurance athletes, considering the effect of post-exercise recovery time and sex. Thirty-three recreationally trained long-distance runners, 20 men and 13 women, participated voluntarily in this study. The participants performed the Léger test, moreover, the CMJ and handgrip strength tests were carried out before and after the running test and during different stages of recovery (at the 1st min of recovery (posttest1), 5th min of recovery (posttest2), and 10th min of recovery (posttest3)). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant improvement in the CMJ (pre-posttest1,p= 0.001) and handgrip strength (pre-posttest2,p= 0.017) during recovery time. The Pearson’s Chi-2 test showed no significant relationship (p≥ 0.05) between sex and post-activation potentiation (PAP). A linear regression analysis pointed to heart rate recovery as a predictive factor of CMJ improvement (PAP). In conclusion, despite significant fatigue reached during the Léger test, the long-distance runners did not experience an impaired CMJ and handgrip strength performance, either men or women, achieving an improvement (PAP) in posttest conditions. The results obtained showed no significant relationship between sex and PAP. Moreover, significant effect of recovery after running at high intensity on CMJ performance and handgrip strength was found. Finally, the data suggest that PAP condition can be predicted by heart rate recovery in endurance runners.

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Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Eduardo Guimarães ◽

José A. R. Maia ◽

Mark Williams ◽

Filipa Sousa ◽

Eduardo Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscular Strength ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Strength Development ◽

Maximal Velocity ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Medicine Ball

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11–15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. The years from attainment of PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) were estimated and five muscular strength measures (sit-ups, handgrip, seated medicine ball throw, squat jump and countermovement jump) were aligned to years from PHV in 3-month intervals. Strength velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical model. The mean ages at-PHV and at-PWV were 13.90 ± 1.40 years and 13.90 ± 1.79 years, respectively. Maximal velocity in sit-ups was attained 6 months prior to attainment of PHV (intensity = 10.69 repetitions·year−1), whereas maximal velocity in squat jump occurred 6 months after-PHV (intensity = 3.93 cm·year−1). Handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw and countermovement jump maximal velocity peaked at-PHV (intensity = 8.47 kgf·year−1, intensity = 0.75 m·year−1, intensity = 5.59 cm·year−1, respectively). In general, maximal velocity spurts did not differ in their timing, with the velocities reaching a peak concurrent with PHV and PWV or within 6 months of its attainment. Basketball coaches, as well as strength and conditioning trainers, should consider individual differences in strength development and be aware of rapid periods of growth in stature when planning and designing muscular strength training regimes.

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Can Whole-Body Vibration Exercises in Different Positions Change Muscular Activity of Upper Limbs? A Randomized Trial

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325818804361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 155932581880436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danielle S Morel ◽

Pedro J Marín ◽

Eloá Moreira-Marconi ◽

Carla F Dionello ◽

Mario Bernardo-Filho

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Test Sets ◽

Flexor Digitorum ◽

Push Up

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE) in different positions on muscular activity of flexor digitorum superficialis (FD), wrist extensor (ED), and handgrip strength (HG) of healthy men. Fifteen participants have performed 5 test sets each one consisting of HG strength measurement and 1-minute WBVE intervention (frequency: 50 Hz, amplitude: 1.53 mm, synchronous tri-planar oscillating/vibratory platform), that could be control (no exposition to vibration), squat (30 seconds of rest and 30 seconds of WBVE in squat position), or push-up (30 seconds of rest, and 30 seconds of WBVE in push-up position). After testing, participants had 2 minutes of rest and then were encouraged to keep themselves on a pull-up bar for 30 seconds. During all procedures, muscular activity of FD and ED was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). Statistical analysis has revealed that the EMG measured in the FD during the static pull-up bar exercise after SQUAT condition was significantly higher ( P = .004) than the CONTROL and PUSH-UP conditions. Whole-body vibration exercises in squat position increase acutely muscle activation of the FD during isometric exercises of longer duration, while muscle activation of ED and HG strength are not affected by WBVE.

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Influence of Interval Training Frequency on Time-Trial Performance in Elite Endurance Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3190

Author(s):

Espen Tønnessen ◽

Jonny Hisdal ◽

Bent R. Ronnestad

Keyword(s):

Time Trial ◽

Interval Training ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Training Volume ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Frequency Group ◽

Training Frequency ◽

The Impact ◽

Trial Performance

Purpose: To determine the impact of interval training frequency in elite endurance athletes. It was hypothesized that two longer sessions would elicit greater performance improvements and physiological adaptation than four shorter sessions at the same intensity. Methods: Elite cross-country skiers and biathletes were randomly assigned to either a high-frequency group (HF group) (5 M, 1 F, age 22 (19–26), VO2max 67.8 (65.5–70.2) mL/kg/min) doing four short interval sessions per week or a low-frequency group (LF group) (8 M, 1 F, age 22 (18–23), VO2max 70.7 (67.0–73.9) mL/kg/min) doing two longer interval sessions. All interval sessions were performed at ~85% of maximum heart rate, and groups were matched for total weekly training volume. Pre- and post-intervention, athletes completed an 8 km rollerski time-trial, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, and an incremental, submaximal exercise test. Results: The LF group had a statistically significant improved time-trial performance following the intervention (p = 0.04), with no statistically significant changes in the HF group. Similarly, percentage utilization of VO2max at anaerobic threshold (p = 0.04) and exercise economy (p = 0.01) were statistically significantly improved following the intervention in the LF group only. No statistically significant changes in VO2max were observed in either group. Conclusions: Two longer interval sessions appear superior to four shorter sessions per week in promoting endurance adaptations and performance improvements in elite endurance athletes. Despite matched training volume and exercise intensity, the larger, more concentrated exercise stimulus in the LF group appears to induce more favorable adaptations. The longer time between training sessions in the LF group may also have allowed athletes to recover more effectively and better “absorb” the training. These findings are in line with the “best practice” observed by many of the world’s best endurance athletes.

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Acute effects of muscle failure and training system (traditional vs. rest-pause) in resistance exercise on countermovement jump performance in trained adults

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-202123 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Petrus Gantois ◽

Fabiano de Souza Fonseca ◽

Dalton de Lima-Júnior ◽

Manoel da Cunha Costa ◽

Bruna Daniella de Vasconcelos Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Training System ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Jump Performance ◽

And Training

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Impairment of Cycling Capacity in the Heat in Well-Trained Endurance Athletes After High-Intensity Short-Term Heat Acclimation

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1058-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thomas Reeve ◽

Ralph Gordon ◽

Paul B. Laursen ◽

Jason K.W. Lee ◽

Christopher J. Tyler

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Heat Acclimation ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Stress Tests ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Short Term ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

C 50 ◽

Perceived Strain

Purpose: To investigate the effects of short-term, high-intensity interval-training (HIIT) heat acclimation (HA). Methods: Male cyclists/triathletes were assigned into either an HA (n = 13) or a comparison (COMP, n = 10) group. HA completed 3 cycling heat stress tests (HSTs) to exhaustion (60% Wmax; HST1, pre-HA; HST2, post-HA; HST3, 7 d post-HA). HA consisted of 30-min bouts of HIIT cycling (6 min at 50% Wmax, then 12 × 1-min 100%-Wmax bouts with 1-min rests between bouts) on 5 consecutive days. COMP completed HST1 and HST2 only. HST and HA trials were conducted in 35°C/50% relative humidity. Cycling capacity and physiological and perceptual data were recorded. Results: Cycling capacity was impaired after HIIT HA (77.2 [34.2] min vs 56.2 [24.4] min, P = .03) and did not return to baseline after 7 d of no HA (59.2 [37.4] min). Capacity in HST1 and HST2 was similar in COMP (43.5 [8.3] min vs 46.8 [15.7] min, P = .54). HIIT HA lowered resting rectal (37.0°C [0.3°C] vs 36.8°C [0.2°C], P = .05) and body temperature (36.0°C [0.3°C] vs 35.8°C [0.3°C], P = .03) in HST2 compared with HST1 and lowered mean skin temperature (35.4°C [0.5°C] vs 35.1°C [0.3°C], P = .02) and perceived strain on day 5 compared with day 1 of HA. All other data were unaffected. Conclusions: Cycling capacity was impaired in the heat after 5 d of consecutive HIIT HA despite some heat adaptation. Based on data, this approach is not recommended for athletes preparing to compete in the heat; however, it is possible that it may be beneficial if a state of overreaching is avoided.

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The acute effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on declarative memory and inhibitory control

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.05.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shih-Chun Kao ◽

Eric S. Drollette ◽

Joseph P. Ritondale ◽

Naiman Khan ◽

Charles H. Hillman

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

High Intensity ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Interval Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Continuous Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval

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Timing of Exercise Affects Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Metformin

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/2483273 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tao Huang ◽

Chunyan Lu ◽

Moritz Schumann ◽

Shenglong Le ◽

Yifan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Sod Activity ◽

High Intensity Interval

Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of the timing of exercise on the glycemic control during and after exercise in T2D. Methods. This study included 26 T2D patients (14 women and 12 men) who were treated with metformin. All patients were tested on four occasions: metformin administration alone (Metf), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed at 30 minutes (EX30), 60 minutes (EX60), and 90 minutes (EX90) postbreakfast, respectively. Glucose, insulin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined. Results. Glucose decreased significantly after the exercise in EX30, EX60, and EX90. Compared with Metf, the decline in glucose immediately after the exercise was larger in EX30 (−2.58 mmol/L; 95% CI, −3.36 to −1.79 mmol/L; p<0.001), EX60 (−2.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, −2.91 to −1.34 mmol/L; p<0.001), and EX90 (−1.87 mmol/L; 95% CI, −2.65 to −1.08 mmol/L; p<0.001), respectively. Compared with Metf, the decrease in insulin was larger in EX30 and EX60 (both p<0.001). Conclusions. Timing of exercise is a factor to consider when prescribing exercise for T2D patients treated with metformin. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-16008469 on 13 May 2016.

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