A Proposed Rating System to Describe the Behavior of Reinforced Plastics in Large-Scale Fire Tests

One of the major challenges in the design of ultra high grade (X100) gas pipelines is the identification of areliable crack propagation strategy. Recent research results have shown that the newly developed highstrength and large diameter gas pipelines, when operated at severe conditions, may not be able to arrest arunning ductile crack through pipe material properties. Hence, the use of crack arrestors is required in thedesign of safe and reliable pipeline systems.A conventional crack arrestor can be a high toughness pipe insert, or a local joint with higher wall thickness.According to experimental results of full-scale burst tests, composite crack arrestors are one of the mostpromising technologies. Such crack arrestors are made of fibre reinforced plastics which provide the pipewith an additional hoop constraint. In this paper, numerical tools to simulate crack initiation, propagationand arrest in composite crack arrestors are introduced.First, the in-use behaviour of composite crack arrestors is evaluated by means of large scale tensile testsand four point bending experiments. The ability of different stress based orthotropic failure measures topredict the onset of material degradation is compared. Then, computational fracture mechanics is applied tosimulate ductile crack propagation in high pressure gas pipelines, and the corresponding crack growth inthe composite arrestor. The combination of numerical simulation and experimental research allows derivingdesign guidelines for composite crack arrestors.

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Large-scale Facade Fire Tests Conducted Based on ISO 13785-2 with Noncombustible Facade Specimens

Fire Science and Technology ◽

10.3210/fst.31.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hideki Yoshioka ◽

Yoshifumi Ohmiya ◽

Masaki Noaki ◽

Masashi Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fire Tests

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TFP Technology As Theadvanced Method Of Manufacture Of 3D Reinforced Preforms Frompolymer Composite Materials

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 84-91

Author(s):

Nelyub Vladimir Aleksandrovich Et al.

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

3D Printing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Research Trends ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽

Prospective Research ◽

Further Development

This paper contains an overview of world trends in the development of the TFP technologyenabling 3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The review of the equipment used for the automated preformpatching is included. Primary factors restraining the large-scale implementation of the TFP technology in the manufacture are identified, and prospective research trends for further development of the technology are proposed.

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A Rasch Model and Rating System for Continuous Responses Collected in Large-Scale Learning Systems

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.500039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Deonovic ◽

Maria Bolsinova ◽

Timo Bechger ◽

Gunter Maris

Keyword(s):

Rasch Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Learning Systems ◽

Rating System ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

High Stakes ◽

Continuous Responses ◽

Anytime Learning ◽

Cold Start Problem ◽

Over Time

An extension to a rating system for tracking the evolution of parameters over time using continuous variables is introduced. The proposed rating system assumes a distribution for the continuous responses, which is agnostic to the origin of the continuous scores and thus can be used for applications as varied as continuous scores obtained from language testing to scores derived from accuracy and response time from elementary arithmetic learning systems. Large-scale, high-stakes, online, anywhere anytime learning and testing inherently comes with a number of unique problems that require new psychometric solutions. These include (1) the cold start problem, (2) problem of change, and (3) the problem of personalization and adaptation. We outline how our proposed method addresses each of these problems. Three simulations are carried out to demonstrate the utility of the proposed rating system.

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An Analysis and Experimental Study of the Rotor Blade with Composite Material Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.851 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 306-308 ◽

pp. 851-856

Author(s):

C.Y. Son ◽

H.I. Byun ◽

K.H. Kim ◽

J.K. Choi ◽

J.Y. Shin

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Rotor Blade ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Fatigue Load ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Bending Load ◽

Behavior Characteristic

In these days, large-scale wind turbines are being made of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (hereinafter F.R.P). Some reinforcement stiffeners such as carbon fiber and polyamide (Kevlar) are not economical for the wind turbine. In addition, the steel or aluminum alloy, featuring heavy weight and metallic fatigue load, is not suitable for global use, except very small-scale wind turbines. In this study, we manufactured a 10kW-grade small Rotor Blade with the F. R. P featuring high stiffness and good dynamic behavior characteristic, and carried out experiments for understanding the bending behavior characteristic of the fatigue load and bending load. And, we examined the experiment results through the Finite Element Method. We compared the experiment results and FEM analysis outputs using the commercial ANSYS FEM program.

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An AI-Based Automated Continuous Compliance Awareness Framework (CoCAF) for Procurement Auditing

Big Data and Cognitive Computing ◽

10.3390/bdcc4030023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ke Wang ◽

Michael Zipperle ◽

Marius Becherer ◽

Florian Gottwalt ◽

Yu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Real Life ◽

Internal Audit ◽

Rating System ◽

Internal Auditing ◽

Audit Process ◽

Data Set ◽

Compliance Level ◽

Potential Risks

Compliance management for procurement internal auditing has been a major challenge for public sectors due to its tedious period of manual audit history and large-scale paper-based repositories. Many practical issues and potential risks arise during the manual audit process, including a low level of efficiency, accuracy, accountability, high expense and its laborious and time consuming nature. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes a continuous compliance awareness framework (CoCAF). It is defined as an AI-based automated approach to conduct procurement compliance auditing. CoCAF is used to automatically and timely audit an organisation’s purchases by intelligently understanding compliance policies and extracting the required information from purchasing evidence using text extraction technologies, automatic processing methods and a report rating system. Based on the auditing results, the CoCAF can provide a continuously updated report demonstrating the compliance level of the procurement with statistics and diagrams. The CoCAF is evaluated on a real-life procurement data set, and results show that it can process 500 purchasing pieces of evidence within five minutes and provide 95.6% auditing accuracy, demonstrating its high efficiency, quality and assurance level in procurement internal audit.

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Towards a Green Building: Opportunities and Challenges in Lebanon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.27 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 935 ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Mohammed Farouk El-Aby

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Green Building ◽

Resource Depletion ◽

Rating System ◽

For Profit ◽

Current Resource ◽

Global And Local ◽

Case Study Methods

Due to the current resource depletion rates, as well as the growing need toward energy and water efficiency, Governments and the private sector adopted the concept of the Green Building, given the fact that buildings are responsible for energy and raw materials on a large scale. That need is clearly manifested in the developing countries facing energy efficiency challenges. Hence, this research highlights the efforts of the governmental and the non-for-profit organizations; represented by Lebanese Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Energy and Water, Lebanon Green Building Council (LGBC) and funded by the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank. The research summarizes the opportunities and challenges of adopting this concept to the benefit of Lebanon and other countries undergoing the same circumstances and facing the same challenges. In the process of reaching a conclusion, the researcher adopted the analytical and the case study methods through two main axes. The former attends to the theoretical studies which include the definition, the principles, the benefits and the global and local rating system of the Green Building. The latter axis addresses the Lebanese experiment through the review of the Opportunities and the Challenges facing the Green Building in Lebanon, and the ARZ Building Rating System. It also illustrates and analyzes a pioneering project in Lebanon that employed the green building patterns, the Ammiq Eco-Restaurant in Bekaa region. The paper is concluded by a set of recommendations that can be the foundation for similar experiences aspiring for adopting the green building as a cornerstone in the arena of sustainable development.

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Non-destructive testing of aerospace composite materials using digital shearography

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering ◽

10.1243/0954410981532108 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 212 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

W Steinchen ◽

L Yang ◽

G Kupfer ◽

P Mäckel

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Laser Interferometry ◽

Honeycomb Structure ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Large Scale Structures ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Digital Imaging Processing ◽

Non Destructive

Digital shearography, a laser interferometry technique in conjunction with the digital imaging processing, has the potential for identifying defects both in small- and large-scale structures. This paper will focus on the recent development of digital shearography for non-destructive testing (NDT). With the improvement of the measuring methods and the development of a small and mobile measuring device in conjunction with a user-guided program, Shearwin, this laser inspection technique can be used easily in the environment of fieldwork. A few examples show its application in the aerospace industry for NDT of composites, e.g. GLARE panel, honeycomb structure and glass (or carbon)-fibre-reinforced plastics, etc.

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