scholarly journals Crop growth, carbon sequestration and soil erosion in an organic vineyard of the Villány Wine District, Southwest Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-298
Author(s):  
József Dezső ◽  
Dénes Lóczy ◽  
Marietta Rezsek ◽  
Roman Hüppi ◽  
János Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Period

A more resilient adaptation to changing climate calls for crop diversification in vineyards, too. As a contribution to the H2020 collaborative project of the European Union, called Diverfarming, and part of the agroecological experiments during 2018 and 2019, grapevine biomass growth was monitored in connection with carbon storage types in soil and in the deposits removed by soil erosion. Phenometry was carried out interpreting segmented images to follow changes in biomass. It was found that crop growth could be best described by the Richards growth function. The distinction between grapevine and intercrop growth, however, requires further refinement in image analysis. In the laboratory TOC and Ntotal were measured for both the soil and the plant organs as well as for the eroded sediments. Greenhouse gas emissions and photosynthesis were monitored. Looking at the change of Leaf Area Index (LAI) over the growing period, image analysis pointed out the role of cut shoots from pruning in the C and N cycles. Maximum leaf area (at ripening) for guyot cultivation technique was extimated at 7,840 m2 ha-1. Soil loss by erosion was established by sediment traps at the end of vinestock rows. The grain size distribution analysis led to the remarkable result that as erosion proceeded, the ratio of the sand fraction increased but remained within the range for the textural class of loam. Organic matter contents grew to 38 g kg-1. The rate of soil erosion is higher in ploughed than in grassed interrows by orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Crop yield and Evaluation of Coping Strategy using Crop Growth Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
J. Alam ◽  
R. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Area Index

 Any change in climate will have implications for climate-sensitive systems such as agriculture, forestry and some other natural resources. Changes in solar radiation, temperature and precipitation will produce changes in crop yields and hence economics of agriculture. It is possible to understand the phenomenon of climate change on crop production and to develop adaptation strategies for sustainability in food production, using a suitable crop simulation model. CERES-Maize model of DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the maize yield of the region under climate change scenarios using the historical weather data at Kharagpur (1977-2007), Damdam (1974-2003) and Purulia (1986-2000), West Bengal, India. The model was calibrated using the crop experimental data, climate data and soil data for two years (1996-1997) and was validated by using the data of the year 1998 at Kharagpur. The change in values of weather parameters due to climate change and its effects on the maize crop growth and yield was studied. It was observed that increase in mean temperature and leaf area index have negative impacts on maize yield. When the maximum leaf area index increased, the grain yield was found to be decreased. Increase in CO2 concentration with each degree incremental temperature decreased the grain yield but increase in CO2 concentration with fixed temperature increased the maize yield. Adjustments were made in the date of sowing to investigate suitable option for adaptation under the future climate change scenarios. Highest yield was obtained when the sowing date was advanced by a week at Kharagpur and Damdam whereas for Purulia, the experimental date of sowing was found to be beneficial.

scholarly journals A new method for estimating the leaf area index of cucumber and tomato plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Favaro Blanco ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Area Distribution

Non-destructive methods of leaf area measurement are useful for small plant populations, such as experiments with potted plants, and allow the measurement of the same plant several times during the growing period. A methodology was developed to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) of cucumber and tomato plants through the evaluation of the leaf area distribution pattern (LADP) of the plants and the relative height of the leaves in the plants. Plant and leaf height, as well as the length and width of all leaves were measured and the area of some leaves was determined by a digital area meter. The obtained regression equations were used to estimate the leaf area for all relative heights along the plant. The LADP adjusted to a quadratic model for both crops and LAI were estimated by measuring the length and width of the leaves located at the relative heights representing the mean leaf area of the plants. The LAI estimations presented high precision and accuracy when the proposed methodology was used resulting in time and effort savings and being useful for both crops.

Absorption of atmospheric sulphur by mustard (Sinapis alba) grown in a glasshouse

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Bromfield
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index

Soils and plants can absorb more S than is brought down in rain (Johansson, 1960). Much of the S absorbed from the air by light sandy soils (Mann, 1955) during the autumn, winter and spring is lost by leaching and only that absorbed by soil during crop growth can be used. The crop can also absorb atmospheric S directly through the leaves; the amounts may be larger than soils supply when crops have a leaf-area index larger than 1 (Olsen, 1957; Spedding, 1969).

The influence of leaf area and radiation on the growth of clover in swards

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Stern ◽  
CM Donald
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

A study was made of the light regime and the growth of clover: (a) in mixed swards with varying proportions of grass; (b) in specially designed cultures in which grass and clover competed for light alone. The growth of the clover showed direct dependence on the level of radiation at the surface of the clover leaf canopy; it was positive when radiation values were above about 60–80 cal/cm²/day but fell to zero or negative rates at lower radiation levels. A relationship is presented between the level of radiation, the leaf area index, and the crop growth rate. It is shown that the optimum leaf area index increases with increasing levels of radiation; and further that as the leaf area index increases, the level of radiation required for maximum growth rate also rises. The implications in agricultural practice are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Effect of Cowpea severe mosaic virus on Crop Growth Characteristics and Yield of Cowpea

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Booker ◽  
P. Umaharan ◽  
C. R. McDavid
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Impact

Field experiments were carried out in St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies to determine the effects of time of inoculation of Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and cultivar on crop growth and yield in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Crop growth and yield loss were investigated through growth analysis and yield component analysis on three cultivars in two seasons (wet and dry). Time of inoculation had the most profound impact on yield. Inoculations during the early log phase (seedling stage), 12 days after seeding (DAS), consistently had the greatest impact (50 to 85% yield loss) compared with those inoculated during the exponential growth phase (24 DAS; 22 to 66% yield loss) or linear growth phase (35 DAS; 2 to 36% yield loss). The effects were particularly pronounced in the dry season and in the more determinate cultivar, H8-8-27. Reduction in maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration, or maximum vegetative dry matter explained reductions in yield. Yield reductions resulted primarily from reduced pod number per plant and, to a lesser extent, from reduced average pod dry weight. The results show that CPSMV control measures should be aimed at delaying infection by CPSMV to minimize the impact on cowpea yield.

scholarly journals Assimilation of Sentinel-2 Leaf Area Index Data into a Physically-Based Crop Growth Model for Yield Estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Novelli ◽  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
Francesco Vuolo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p>The work is based on a previously published study with the aim to further analyse the results obtained. Remote sensing data, crop growth models, and optimization routines constitute a toolset that can be used together to map crop yield over large areas when access to field data is limited. In this study, Leaf Area Index (LAI) data from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite were combined with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to estimate crop yield. The experiment was implemented for a winter wheat crop during two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) under four different fertilization management strategies. A number of field measurements were conducted spanning from LAI to biomass and crop yields.<br>LAI showed a good correlation between the Sentinel-2 estimates and the ground measurements using non-destructive method. Better RMSE and RRMSE were obtained in 2017 compared to 2016 (RMSE = 0.44 vs. 0.46) (RRMSE = 17% vs. 19%). In 2016 year, a slightly lower R<sup>2</sup> value was found compared to 2017 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.72 vs. 0.89). A correlating fit between satellite LAI curves and EPIC modelled LAI curves was also observed. The work shows that the assimilation of remote sensing data into the crop growth model can help to overtake some structural problems of the model.  The assimilation framework has to be tested under different environmental conditions before being applied on a larger scale with limited field data.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Indices of Nigella sativa L. under Different Plant Densities and Fertilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ioannis Roussis, Ioanna Kakabouki, Dimitrios Bilalis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

Agronomic practices such as plant density and fertilizer management are referred to comprise crop environment, which influences plant growth, productivity, and ultimately the yield. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of plant density and fertilization on the growth and growth indices of Nigella sativa crop and to determine the association between yield and growth characteristics at both the single plant and crop stand level. The 2-year experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications, two main plots (200 and 300 plants m-2) and four sub-plots (fertilization treatments: control, compost, farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer). The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) (0.0321 g day-1) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0714 g g-1 day-1) values were recorded when plants subjected to low-density and inorganic fertilization, while the highest crop growth rate (CGR) (8.0342 g m-2 day-1) was obtained under high-plant density and inorganic fertilization. Concerning specific leaf area (SLA), the highest value (196.28 cm2 g-1) was found in inorganic fertilized treatment. Leaf area index (LAI), Leaf area duration (LAD) and Biomass duration (BMD) were positively affected by both plant density and fertilization with the greatest values observed under high-density and fertilization. In conclusion, plant densities higher than 200 plants m-2 lead to higher crop growth, but lower growth of individual plants and decreased seed yield, while the application of inorganic fertilizers increases crop growth and yield as these fertilizers contain higher levels of nitrogen with high solubility and therefore quick availability for the crop than the organic fertilizers.

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