Economic and Policy Analytic Approaches to Inform the Acceleration of HIV Prevention in the United States: Future Directions for the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Erika G. Martin ◽  
Eli S. Rosenberg ◽  
David R. Holtgrave
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Hiv Policies ◽  
Further Development

The fields of economic and policy analysis have long played a role in quantifying the burden of the HIV epidemic and informing how to best deploy interventions and policies aimed at maximizing HIV care and reducing transmission. Looking towards the ultimate goal of ending the AIDS epidemic, we describe five areas for further development and application towards HIV policies: (1) setting measurable objectives to create a vision and monitor progress, (2) taking a health and wellness approach to goal-setting, (3) using impact matrices to inform quantitative analysis to explicitly address health disparities, (4) conducting budget impact analyses to project annual program costs and benefits, and (5) advancing the public health systems and services research agenda.

scholarly journals Micro Nudges: A Systems Approach to Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Dan Buettner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Improve Health

The secret to longevity and healthier communities lies in a systems-level lifestyle-based approach. There are currently 5 regions across the world where people live relatively longer, healthier, and happier lives. Taking lessons from these areas, dubbed “blue zones,” we can help improve health and wellness at the population level. There are already cases of these Blue Zones Projects implemented in communities across the United States, which have had demonstrable, positive impacts on public health. Collaboration between the public and private sectors at the local level can make these changes to improve lifestyles and reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the healthcare system.

New Forms of Subjectivity: Theorizing the Relational Self with Foucault and Alcoff

Hypatia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Tarver
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
The Public ◽  
Latina Woman ◽  
Further Development

Taking seriously Linda Martín Alcoff's suggestion that we reevaluate the extent to which poststructuralist articulations of the subject are truly socially constituted, as well as the centrality of Latina identity to her own account of such constitution, I argue that the discussion Alcoff and other Latina feminists offer of the experience of being Latina in North America is illustrative of the extent to which the relational and globally situated constitution of subjects needs further development in many social‐constructionist accounts of selfhood. I argue, however—contra Alcoff—that Michel Foucault's mode of investigating subjectivation, particularly as it is articulated in his later work, has room for just such an account, especially when it is supplemented by postcolonial theory. With this end in mind, I take as a case study the public discourse surrounding Sonia Sotomayor prior to her confirmation as the first Latina woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court, suggesting that an analysis of this discourse (including its position within and contribution to wider discourses of ethnicity, race, gender, and class) shows why the accounts of relational subject‐constitution offered by both Foucault and Alcoff are indispensable.

Motivational Interviewing in HIV Care

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care ◽  
Professional Acceptance

Motivational Interviewing in HIV Care reflects significant advances in clinical practice and research, as well as the growing momentum of professional acceptance of the motivational interviewing (MI) approach in HIV care. Original, comprehensive, and timely, with clinical illustrations and practical tips, along with discussion of innovative demonstrations projects in the United States and internationally, it features chapters on the latest MI concepts, evidence base, and its applications in the HIV continuum of care. Written with the spirit of MI, this clinically engaging, pragmatic, and empirically based book covers the applications of MI in addressing social determinants of HIV and the integration of MI with other treatment modalities. A whole section showcases training, dissemination, and the role of technology in HIV practice. Ethical dilemmas in the practice of MI in HIV care are explored. The coeditors are joined by expert contributors, researchers, and practitioners in a truly collaborative project, filling a unique niche in the HIV field. This volume identifies and debates future directions for research and clinical practice in HIV care.

Health Services and Policy Issues in AIDS Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Walkup ◽  
Stephen Crystal
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
The Social

Health services research is a practically focused discipline drawing on the social and behavioral sciences and concerned with the organization, financing, and delivery of services. Investigators studying HIV services examine how well healthcare and other systems meet needs, eliminate disparities, integrate services, eliminate barriers, and provide care to socially marginal and stigmatized individuals, such as injection drug users and people who are incarcerated. These issues have been important from the earliest days of the HIV epidemic and have taken on increased significance as efficacious treatments have been developed and, more recently, changes in the financing of care have reduced the number of uninsured. This chapter this focuses primarily on research in the United States with a review of recent work on financing, service fragmentation, and difficulties integrating different sectors of care, as well as problems related to the functioning of medicine in a complex, stratified society. Also addressed are certain general features of the Affordable Care Act that are relevant to HIV care and psychiatry.

scholarly journals From discovery to delivery: public sector development of the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Herder ◽  
Janice E Graham ◽  
Richard Gold
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The discovery and development of the Ebola rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine challenge the common assumption that the research and development for innovative therapeutic products and vaccines is best carried out by the private sector. Using internal government documents obtained through an access to information request, we analyze the development of rVSV-ZEBOV by researchers at Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory beyond its patenting and licensing to a biotech company in the United States in 2010. According to government documentation, the company failed to make any progress toward a phase 1 clinical trial until after the WHO Public Health Emergency of International Concern freed substantial donor and public funds for the vaccine’s further development. The development of rVSV-ZEBOV, from sponsoring early stage research through to carrying out clinical trials during the epidemic, was instead the result of the combined efforts of the Canadian government, its researchers, and other publicly funded institutions. This case study of rVSV-ZEBOV underscores the significant public contribution to the R&D of vaccines even under conditions of precarity, and suggests that an alternative approach to generating knowledge and developing interventions, such as open science, is required in order to fully realize the public sector’s contribution to improved global health.

scholarly journals Music industry and copyright protection in the United States and China

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herlihy ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Made In

From the standard economic rationale, music copyright supports the rights of authors and creators to exclude competitors and the public from accessing and copying their works to the extent necessary to provide incentive to recover the investment they made in creating those works. The necessary extent in music copyright is from the interplay of three historical drivers of copyright policy—technology (which makes things possible), the market (which gives rise to consumer demand and companies delivering goods and services to satisfy those consumers), and the law (which determines the rules of the road). Due to differences in cultural traditions and historical developments, these processes have been different for the United States and China. This “In Focus” report briefly explores intellectual property and music copyright in these two countries from an historical perspective, comments on their current state, and reflects on future directions.

scholarly journals “I Didn’t Really Want to Leave”

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Metzger ◽  
Jane Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Authority ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Market ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Public Housing Residents

With the United States’ welfare state coming to rely on market-based policies, the notion of choice has come to the forefront of public housing policy. This study investigated choice within a Chicago public housing community slated for redevelopment. In theory, the utilization of the private market creates broader options, empowering citizens to exercise greater autonomy in major life decisions. The housing authority emphasized the choices available to tenants, including the choice to remain on-site during redevelopment. Yet relocatees reported experiencing pressure to relocate, through either explicit actions from housing authority officials or nuanced channels including steering and coercion tactics. The incongruence between the narratives presented by the housing authority and those presented by the public housing residents demonstrates that the distinction between “voluntary” and “involuntary” relocation is not always clear. We offer several areas for consideration moving forward, including substantive inclusion of residents in planning processes, development of a more effective incentive structure to reward public housing agencies for relocating residents into higher quality neighborhoods, and shifting the overall framing of subsidized housing residents from consumers to civic agents who hold the potential to shape the future directions of their communities.

scholarly journals Why Americans Need Information on Dietary Supplements

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 1401S-1405S ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Paul M Coates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The Government

Abstract Until a decade ago, no dietary supplement (DS) databases with open access for public use existed in the United States. They were needed by researchers, since half of American adults use dietary DSs and, without information on supplement use and composition, exposures could not be estimated. These articles on Challenges and Future Directions for Dietary Supplement Databases describe subsequent progress. They begin by describing why information on DSs is needed by the government and how it is used to ensure the health of the public. Current developments include: application of DS information to meet public health needs; research efforts on DS quality, efficacy, and safety (as conducted by the Office of Dietary Supplements and other federal agencies); enhanced regulatory activities implemented by the FDA Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, the FDA Office of Enforcement, and the Federal Trade Commission; and initiatives for broader development and dissemination of DS databases for commercial and public use. Other contributions in this journal supplement describe the challenges of working with DSs and the progress that has been made. Additional articles describe surveys of DS use among the general US population and also among special groups such as high supplement users, illustrating why there is a need in the United States for information on supplements. Likely directions for the future of DS science are summarized.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

The French Way

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kuisel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Language ◽  
French Cinema ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The U.S

There are over 1,000 McDonald's on French soil. Two Disney theme parks have opened near Paris in the last two decades. And American-inspired vocabulary such as “le weekend” has been absorbed into the French language. But as former French president Jacques Chirac put it: “The U.S. finds France unbearably pretentious. And we find the U.S. unbearably hegemonic.” Are the French fascinated or threatened by America? They Americanize yet are notorious for expressions of anti-Americanism. From McDonald's and Coca-Cola to free markets and foreign policy, this book looks closely at the conflicts and contradictions of France's relationship to American politics and culture. The book shows how the French have used America as both yardstick and foil to measure their own distinct national identity. France has charted its own path: it has welcomed America's products but rejected American policies; assailed Americ's “jungle capitalism” while liberalizing its own economy; attacked “Reaganomics” while defending French social security; and protected French cinema, television, food, and language even while ingesting American pop culture. The book examines France's role as an independent ally of the United States, but he also considers the country's failures in influencing the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Whether investigating France's successful information technology sector or its spurning of American expertise during the AIDS epidemic, the book asks if this insistence on a French way represents a growing distance between Europe and the United States or a reaction to American globalization. Exploring cultural trends, values, public opinion, and political reality, this book delves into the complex relationship between two modern nations.

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