Understanding Beliefs, Intention, and Behavior on Daily PrEP Uptake Among MSM in California and New York

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Minhao Dai ◽  
Nancy Grant Harrington
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
And Behavior

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective daily prevention medicine to reduce the risks of HIV infections. Even though the number of PrEP users has been rapidly growing in the United States since 2012, only approximately 5% of the men who have sex with men (MSM) population is currently taking PrEP. This study examined PrEP uptake among MSM using the integrative model of behavioral prediction (IMBP) as the theoretical framework. The authors conducted formative elicitation interviews and a cross-sectional survey with MSM. Among the survey respondents, half of them were PrEP takers and half were not. The path modeling results showed that attitudes and norms predicted behavioral intention, and intention predicted PrEP uptake among MSM. The results also identified the strongest attitudinal predictors and normative referents of PrEP uptake. The study offers practical implications in helping professionals and scholars to understand PrEP uptake among MSM in a theoretically grounded way.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Acceptability Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Min Chuang ◽  
Peter A. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the vast majority of new HIV infections in Taiwan, yet utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low. We examined correlates of PrEP awareness and acceptability among MSM in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 176 MSM (mean age = 27.4 years) recruited through community-based organizations in two cities. Less than half of participants (47.2%) were aware of PrEP; however, when it was described to them, the majority (72.2%) indicated PrEP acceptability. In multivariable analyses, condomless anal sex was negatively associated with PrEP awareness, and higher levels of vicarious stigma and anticipated PrEP disclosure to sexual partners were positively associated with PrEP acceptability. Our findings indicate the need for targeted interventions to increase PrEP awareness among MSM engaged in high-risk behaviors and implementation strategies that address sociocultural factors to accelerate PrEP utilization among MSM in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Training among Medical Schools in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110287
Author(s):  
Robert L. Cooper ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Paul D. Juarez ◽  
Aramandla Ramesh ◽  
Matthew C. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to be an effective method of HIV prevention for men who have sex with-men (MSM) and -transgender women (MSTGWs), serodiscordant couples, and injection drug users; however fewer than 50 000 individuals currently take this regimen. Knowledge of PrEP is low among healthcare providers and much of this lack of knowledge stems from the lack or exposure to PrEP in medical school. We conducted a cross sectional survey of medical schools in the United States to assess the degree to which PrEP for HIV prevention is taught. The survey consisted Likert scale questions assessing how well the students were prepared to perform each skill associated with PrEP delivery, as well as how PrEP education was delivered to students. We contacted 141 medical schools and 71 responded to the survey (50.4%). PrEP education was only reported to be offered at 38% of schools, and only 15.4% reported specific training for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) patients. The most common delivery methods of PrEP content were didactic sessions with 11 schools reporting this method followed by problem-based learning, direct patient contact, workshops, and small group discussions. Students were more prepared to provide PrEP to MSM compared to other high-risk patients. Few medical schools are preparing their students to prescribe PrEP upon graduation. Further, there is a need to increase the number of direct patient contacts or simulations for students to be better prepared.

COVID-19 and the Risk for Increased Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199745
Author(s):  
Rob Stephenson ◽  
Tanaka M.D. Chavanduka ◽  
Matthew T. Rosso ◽  
Stephen P. Sullivan ◽  
Renée A. Pitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
First Time

Stay at home orders–intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by limiting social contact–have forced people to remain in their homes. The additional stressors created by the need to stay home and socially isolate may act as triggers to intimate partner violence (IPV). In this article, we present data from a recent online cross-sectional survey with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States to illustrate changes in IPV risks that have occurred during the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. The Love and Sex in the Time of COVID-19 survey was conducted online from April to May 2020. GBMSM were recruited through paid banner advertisements featured on social networking platforms, recruiting a sample size of 696 GBMSM. Analysis considers changes in victimization and perpetration of IPV during the 3 months prior to the survey (March-May 2020) that represents the first 3 months of lockdown during the COVID-19 epidemic. During the period March-May 2020, 12.6% of participants reported experiencing any IPV with higher rates of emotional IPV (10.3%) than sexual (2.2%) or physical (1.8%) IPV. Of those who reported IPV victimization during lockdown, for almost half this was their first time experience: 5.3% reported the IPV they experienced happened for the first time during the past 3 months (0.8% physical, 2.13% sexual, and 3.3% emotional). Reporting of perpetration of IPV during lockdown was lower: only 6% reported perpetrating any IPV, with perpetration rates of 1.5% for physical, 0.5% for sexual, and 5.3% for emotional IPV. Of those who reported perpetration of IPV during lockdown, very small percentages reported that this was the first time they had perpetrated IPV: 0.9% for any IPV (0.2% physical, 0.2% sexual, and 0.6% emotional). The results illustrate an increased need for IPV resources for GBMSM during these times of increased stress and uncertainty, and the need to find models of resource and service delivery that can work inside of social distancing guidelines while protecting the confidentiality and safety of those who are experiencing IPV.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis preferences among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Oldenburg ◽  
Bao Le ◽  
Hoang Thi Huyen ◽  
Dinh Duc Thien ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rectal Microbicides ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Rectal Microbicide ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam is concentrated in subgroups of the population, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a viable strategy for HIV prevention, but knowledge about and preferences for PrEP delivery among Vietnamese MSM are not well understood. Methods: In 2015, an online survey was conducted with recruitment via social networking websites for MSM and peer recruitment. A description of daily oral, long-acting injectable, and rectal microbicide formulations of PrEP was provided to participants. Participants were asked about their prior awareness of and interest in PrEP, and ranked their most preferred PrEP modality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with having heard of PrEP and preference for each PrEP modality. Results: Of 548 participants who answered demographic and PrEP-related questions, 26.8% had previously heard of PrEP and most (65.7%) endorsed rectal microbicides as their most preferred PrEP delivery modality. Commonly-cited perceived barriers to uptake of PrEP included concern about side-effects, perception about being HIV positive, and family or friends finding out about their sexual behaviour. In multivariable models, older participants less often endorsed rectal microbicides (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.95 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.99) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.08 per year, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14) as their preferred PrEP modality. Participants who were willing to pay more for PrEP less often endorsed rectal microbicides (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.92) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and daily oral pills (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.35) as their preferred form of PrEP. Conclusions: A variety of PrEP modalities were acceptable to MSM in Vietnam, but low knowledge of PrEP may be a barrier to implementation.

scholarly journals HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Knowledge, attitudes and counseling practices among physicians in Germany – A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250895
Author(s):  
Mary Katherine Sammons ◽  
Matthew Gaskins ◽  
Frank Kutscha ◽  
Alexander Nast ◽  
Ricardo Niklas Werner
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background German statutory health insurance began covering the costs associated with HIV PrEP in September 2019; however, to bill for PrEP services, physicians in Germany must either be certified as HIV-specialists according to a nationwide quality assurance agreement, or, if they are non-HIV-specialists, have completed substantial further training in HIV/PrEP care. Given the insufficient implementation of PrEP, the aim of our study was to explore the potential to increase the number of non-HIV-specialists providing PrEP-related services. Methods We conducted an anonymous survey among a random sample of internists, general practitioners, dermatologists and urologists throughout Germany using a self-developed questionnaire. We calculated a knowledge score and an attitudes score from individual items in these two domains. Both scores ranged from 0–20, with high values representing good knowledge or positive attitudes. We also asked participants about the proportion of PrEP advice they provided proactively to men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans-persons who met the criteria to be offered PrEP. Results 154 physicians completed the questionnaire. Self-assessed knowledge among HIV-specialists was greater than among non-HIV-specialists [Median knowledge score: 20.0 (IQR = 0.0) vs. 4.0 (IQR = 11.0), p<0.001]. Likewise, attitudes towards PrEP were more positive among HIV-specialists than non-HIV-specialists [Median attitudes score: 18.0 (IQR = 3.0) vs. 13.0 (IQR = 5.25), p<0.001]. The proportion of proactive advice on PrEP provided to at-risk MSM and trans-persons by HIV-specialists [Median: 30.0% (IQR = 63.5%)] was higher than that provided by non-HIV-specialists [Median: 0.0% (IQR = 11.3%), p<0.001]. However, the results of our multiple regression suggest the only independent predictor of proactive PrEP advice was the knowledge score, and not whether physicians were HIV-specialists or non-HIV-specialists. Conclusions These findings point to opportunities to improve PrEP implementation in individuals at risk of acquiring HIV. Targeted training, particularly for non-HIV-specialists, and the provision of patient-centered information material could help improve care, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Polydrug use is associated with new HIV infections among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Sequoia I. Leuba ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Abstract Background Recreational drug use is popular among men who have sex with men (MSM), while there is limited information about polydrug use and its consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods MSM were recruited from a multicenter cross-sectional survey conducted in seven Chinese cities. Participants were divided into four subgroups based on the number of recreational drugs (RDs) used in the past 6 months. “Polydrug use” was defined as simultaneous use of ≥2 types of RDs. Information on demographics and HIV high-risk behaviors (HIV-HRBs) was collected, and blood samples were tested for recent HIV infection by the BED capture enzyme immunoassay. Results A total of 4,496 Chinese MSM participated, of which 28.4% used RDs, and 5% were polydrug users. Polydrug users commonly took poppers with one or more types of other RDs (e.g. methamphetamine). Polydrug users were likely to be aged 26–30 years, have low educational attainment, be internal migrants, have a high monthly income, use versatile positions during anal intercourse, and have inadequate knowledge about prevention of HIV infection (P<0.05 for all). As the number of RDs used in the past 6 months increased, the prevalence of HIV-HRBs increased (P<0.05 for all). The odds of recent HIV infection were higher among those who used one type (aOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.5–3.0) or two types of RDs (2.3, 1.0–5.2) in the past 6 months compared with those who did not use RDs. The population-attributable fractions of most HIV-HRBs for recent HIV infection were higher among polydrug users compared with those who used only one type of RD or used no RD in the past 6 months. Conclusion The level and pattern of polydrug use among Chinese MSM were different from developed countries. Polydrug use had a dose-effect relationship with HIV-HRBs. Polydrug users who have greater levels of RDs use are more likely to engage in various sexual risks, thus may associated with new HIV infections.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy in a Sample of US Adults: Role of Perceived Satisfaction With Health, Access to Healthcare, and Attention to COVID-19 News

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bauerle Bass ◽  
Maureen Wilson-Genderson ◽  
Dina T. Garcia ◽  
Aderonke A. Akinkugbe ◽  
Maghboeba Mosavel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates

Understanding which communities are most likely to be vaccine hesitant is necessary to increase vaccination rates to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This cross-sectional survey of adults (n = 501) from three cities in the United States (Miami, FL, New York City, NY, San Francisco, CA) assessed the role of satisfaction with health and healthcare access and consumption of COVID-19 news, previously un-studied variables related to vaccine hesitancy. Multilevel logistic regression tested the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and study variables. Thirteen percent indicated they would not get vaccinated. Black race (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.38–5.3), income (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50–0.83), inattention to COVID-19 news (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5), satisfaction with health (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52–0.99), and healthcare access (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.7) were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Public health officials should consider these variables when designing public health communication about the vaccine to ensure better uptake.

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