scholarly journals Microbial proportion and heterotroph CO2 flux from drainage peatland under oil palm plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3055-3061
Author(s):  
Eka Lupitasari ◽  
Rahayu Widyastuti ◽  
Heru Bagus Pulunggono
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Ligninolytic Fungi ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Bacteria

The difference in soil layer can affect heterotroph respiration that means CO2 fluxes from microbial decomposition in peatlands. Oil palm plants release root exudates transported to other places, i.e., shrub, by water movement, which can stimulate microbial activity. This study was conducted to learn the effects of differences of the soil layer and distance from the trunk in drainage peatland under oil palm plantation on total bacteria, fungi, cellulolytic bacteria, ligninolytic fungi, and heterotroph fluxes CO2, then compared to a shrub. Heterotroph respiration decreased with soil layer depth, where at the layer 0-20 cm released amount of CO2 as much 6.07 + 1.76, at 20-40 cm was 5.18 + 0.50, and at 40-60 cm 5.27 + 1.20 mg CO2 100 g-1 day-1, and tended higher than in shrub where a layer of 0-20 cm released 5.51 + 1.69, then decrease at 20-40 cm to 4.83 + 1.38, and at 40-60 cm 4.30 + 1.08 mg CO2 100 g-1 day-1. Total bacteria (107 CFU g-1) and fungi (105 CFU g-1) were higher than total cellulolytic bacteria (103 CFU g-1) and ligninolytic fungi (102 CFU g-1) in both under oil palm plantation and shrub. Organic acids affected the abundance of total bacteria and fungi but did not affect cellulolytic bacteria and ligninolytic fungi on both sites, as shown by a lower population and low cellulose and laccase enzymes. These findings showed that heterotroph CO2 flux tended higher in oil palm plantations and lignocellulolytic microbes are not the only source of heterotroph respiration.

scholarly journals Input parameters for LiGAPS-beef mechanistic model: an attempt to study Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
T S M Widi ◽  
N Widyas ◽  
B W Prabowo ◽  
I Sumantri ◽  
H Maulana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

Abstract In Indonesia, integrated oil-palm plantation (OPP) and cattle production systems has been widely practiced in outside Java Island, as an efficient strategy to meet the demand of meat. A dynamic model, called LiGAPS-beef is then needed to simulate the potential and feed-limited production of Bali cattle. This pre-liminary study was aimed to identify and determine the input parameters of Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems for LiGAPS-beef. Literature review and survey on intensive and semi-intensive OPP-cattle integrated systems (I-OPP and SI-OPP), were done, to identify the parameters which define (potential) and limit (actual) the production of Bali cattle. The general parameters were calf crop (%), weaning age (month), culling rate (%year−1), heat increment of feeding; ME content undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, oil palm by products and, concentrates (MJkg−1 DM); potential production of undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, and oil palm by products (kgDMha−1year−1); percentage of carcass (%) and percentage of beef meat (%).The difference between the potential and actual production then will be simulated using LiGAPS- beef to assess the yield gap of Bali cattle production under OPP systems.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA ULAT API (Setothosea asigna) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis. JACQ) DI KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yuza Defitri ◽  
Yulistiati Nengsih ◽  
Harianto Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Setothosea Asigna ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis research aims to know the intensity of pest attacks the fire (Setothosea asigna) who attacked oil palm plants in Central Districts Tebo Tebo. This research has been carried out in the village of Mangunjayo, the village of Enclosure and the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Gulf County Tebo for 1 month in September 2016. Research carried out using the method of survey in the oil palm plantation folk who have produced (TM) in the village of Mangunjayo, the village of Enclosure and the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Bay District with an area of Tebo area 1 – 2 ha. Sampling plants at each site is divided in 5 plot. Each plot was taken 5 sample plants. The observations in the field can be inferred that the intensity of the attacks the highest api pest found in Palm oil plantation in the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Gulf County Tebo i.e. amounting to 36%. The intensity of the attack the lowest api there is a pest on Palm oil plantation in the village of Tebo Regency Central Sub Enclosure Tebo i.e. by 8%. The difference in intensity of pest attacks also in influence by difference of height, temperature, and humidity.Keywords: intensity of pest attacks and fire AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan hama ulat api (Setothosea asigna) yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Desa Kandang, Desa Mangunjayo dan Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo selama 1 bulan  pada bulan September 2016. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat yang telah menghasilkan (TM) di Desa Kandang, Desa Mangunjayo dan Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo dengan luas areal 1 – 2 ha. Pengambilan sampel tanaman pada setiap lokasi dibagi dalam 5 plot. Masing-masing plot diambil 5 sampel tanaman. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas serangan hama ulat api tertinggi terdapat di Perkebunan Kelapa sawit di Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo yaitu sebesar 36%. Intensitas serangan hama ulat api terendah terdapat di Perkebunan Kelapa sawit di Desa Kandang Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo yaitu sebesar 8%. Perbedaan Intensitas serangan hama juga di pengaruhi oleh perbedaan ketinggian tempat, suhu, dan kelembaban.Kata Kunci : intensitas serangan dan  hama ulat api

scholarly journals CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
EVI GUSMAYANTI ◽  
GUSTI Z ANSHARI ◽  
MUHAMMAD PRAMULYA ◽  
AGUS RULIYANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Peat Surface

Large expansion of oil palm plantation on peatland has changed its important role for carbon sink into a carbon source.  Conversion of peat swamp forest with high carbon density into a monoculture of oil palm has released the significant amount of carbon into atmosphere either carbon previously stored in forest biomass or carbon stored in peat organic matter.  Drainage canal to artificially lower groundwater level as a prerequisite of oil palm cultivation provides the favorable condition for soil microbes activities in decomposing peat organic matter resulted in CO2 flux increase.  The fluctuation of groundwater level and variation of environmental factors near the peat surface may regulate the rate of CO2 released from the soil.  We aimed to measure CO2 fluxes from two sites of oil palm plantation with different peat characteristics and analyzed the correlation with groundwater level, soil temperature, air temperature,  gravimetric water content, peat pH, oxidative reductive potential, and crop age.  The measurement has been conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia by using portable infrared gas analyzer EGM 4.  In addition to soil sampling at the same time as the gas measurement, we collected soil samples for some peat characteristics analysis consist of bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil organic matter, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen content prior to CO2 flux measurement.  Our result shows that the difference of peat chemical characteristics between two sites has resulted in different CO2 flux.  Oil palm ages seemed to affect CO2 flux by regulating microclimatic condition around crop canopy.  Another finding is the insignificant relationship between CO2 fluxes and groundwater level unless the groundwater level reached more than 50 cm from the peat surface.  It implies that maintaining groundwater level-up to 50 cm resulting in similar CO2 flux.

DIVERSITY OF MICROCHIROPTERAN BATS IN FOREST FRAGMENTS AND RIPARIAN ZONES IN AN OIL PALM PLANTATION ESTATE

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Syamsi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu tanaman meningkat paling pesat di dunia, dan mencakup lebih dari 13 juta ha di Asia Tenggara. Sumatera memiliki sejarah yang relatif panjang budidaya kelapa sawit komersial, dan banyak perkebunan telah menggantikan hutan hujan. Biasanya ini perkebunan monokultur mendukung spesies lebih sedikit daripada hutan, namun ada sangat sedikit informasi yang tersedia untuk kelelawar. Kami mencicipi kelelawar pemakan serangga di Sumatera Barat dalam perkebunan kelapa sawit matang di mana beberapa tutupan hutan dipertahankan di fragmen hutan di bukit-bukit dan di sepanjang sungai. Menggunakan total 180 kecapi perangkap malam kami dibandingkan dengan komunitas kelelawar dalam tiga jenis habitat: patch hutan, zona riparian dan perkebunan. Total kami ditangkap 1108 kelelawar yang mewakili 21 spesies dan 5 keluarga, dan mayoritas ini (dalam hal spesies dan kelimpahan) ditemukan di fragmen hutan. perkebunan kelapa sawit ditemukan menjadi habitat miskin untuk kelelawar - hanya empat orang dari dua spesies ditangkap. daerah pinggiran sungai didukung keanekaragaman menengah, dan mungkin penting sebagai koridor satwa liar antara fragmen hutan. Kata kunci : Biodiversitas, keleawar Microchiropteran

Impact Assessment of Dynamic Characteristics on the Hydraulic Driven Machinery Operation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. D. Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
The Difference

In civil engineering in Russia, trenching for utilities is currently under digging. To perform such works, it is necessary to use high-precision construction machinery, because inaccurate performance of works can lead to the break down of existing utilities, thereby affecting the residents of nearby houses and demanding the additional works for renewal.The most universal labour saver to perform construction works is hydraulic driven single-bucket excavators, which provide up to 38% of works. Therefore, to improve technical characteristics that affect the accuracy of the work performed is an important task.High requirements for the performance of works are defined by existing construction regulations: an allowable soil layer to remain is at most 0.05 m. To fulfil such requirements, an exact assessment of the working mechanism position and a trench profile is necessary.Examination of a manually operated digging process shows that an operator provides operations untimely, however an automated control system can solve this problem. Dynamic phenomena in the working mechanism have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the works performed.To assess the bucket digging edge position accuracy, a mathematical model of the working mechanism has been created. Based on the cycle scheme of the working process, the excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods under the load are taken into account. By the end of the cycle, the difference between the specified and obtained positions along the vertical coordinate has been 0.0892 m.A dynamic error of the hydraulic drive system of the working mechanism is considered as a sum of the error due to excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods and the error due to delay of the hydraulic drive, with the latter being calculated for the average time of delay taking into account the data available in the literature. The total error of the bucket digging edge position of the working mechanism is 0.1176 m, which is 2 times more than the value of 0.05 mConformity of all the links with specification requirements does not guarantee compliance with the required displacement accuracy of the bucket digging edge, and, thus, the soil layer to remain in the base of the trench can exceed the regulated value of 0.05 m.

HEALTHINESS OF OIL PALM PLANTATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY OF ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Faradina Marzukhi ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Rusyda Rosnan ◽  
Md Azlin Md Said
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between vegetation indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil nutrient of oil palm plantation at Felcra Nasaruddin Bota in Perak for future sustainable environment. The satellite image was used and processed in the research. By Using NDVI, the vegetation index was obtained which varies from -1 to +1. Then, the soil sample and soil moisture analysis were carried in order to identify the nutrient values of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). A total of seven soil samples were acquired within the oil palm plantation area. A regression model was then made between physical condition of the oil palms and soil nutrients for determining the strength of the relationship. It is hoped that the risk map of oil palm healthiness can be produced for various applications which are related to agricultural plantation.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

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