Repetition, with Slight Variation

1991 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Keyword(s):  
Slight Variation

scholarly journals Performance simulation of polymer-based nanoparticle and void dispersed photonic structures for radiative cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Prakash Bijarniya ◽  
Jahar Sarkar ◽  
Pralay Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
Substrate Independent

AbstractPassive radiative cooling is an emerging field and needs further development of material. Hence, the computational approach needs to establish for effective metamaterial design before fabrication. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is a promising numerical strategy to study electromagnetic interaction with the material. Here, we simulate using the FDTD method and report the behavior of various nanoparticles (SiO2, TiO2, Si3N4) and void dispersed polymers for the solar and thermal infrared spectrums. We propose the algorithm to simulate the surface emissive properties of various material nanostructures in both solar and thermal infrared spectrums, followed by cooling performance estimation. It is indeed found out that staggered and randomly distributed nanoparticle reflects efficiently in the solar radiation spectrum, become highly reflective for thin slab and emits efficiently in the atmospheric window (8–13 µm) over the parallel arrangement with slight variation. Higher slab thickness and concentration yield better reflectivity in the solar spectrum. SiO2-nanopores in a polymer, Si3N4 and TiO2 with/without voids in polymer efficiently achieve above 97% reflection in the solar spectrum and exhibits substrate independent radiative cooling properties. SiO2 and polymer combination alone is unable to reflect as desired in the solar spectrum and need a highly reflective substrate like silver.

scholarly journals Effects of thermal treatments on characteristics and morphological variations in the deposits of urea-SCR systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadashiva Prabhu S ◽  
Kapilan Natesan ◽  
Nagaraj Shivappa Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exhaust Gases

AbstractSelective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are employed by automobile manufacturers for the abatement of environmental pollutants like oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emitted from exhaust gases of diesel engines. In SCR, the urea-water solution (UWS) is injected to exhaust gases in the form of a spray to generate the reducing agent NH3. Deposit formation at lower temperatures is a major concern with this technology. The deposits not only create backpressure but also leak NH3 to the environment as they deplete. It is very important to know the depletion characteristics of deposits formed at lower temperatures in order to assess the NH3 leakage to the environment when the engine exhaust gases attain higher temperatures. In the present work, deposits formed at a low-temperature range of 150–200°C for continuous run along with UWS injection were investigated. Additionally, they were aged at 300°C in the absence of UWS to check the variation in characteristics with the rise of temperature. By gravimetric analysis, it is inferred that the deposits formed at higher pre-age temperatures are less prone to depletion as the temperature increases. The elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates slight variation in carbon, nitrogen and oxygen compositions for all the pre-age conditions. As an extended study, the byproducts at pre-age and post-age conditions were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The compounds like cyanuric acid (CYA) and biuret were not observed when pre-age samples were aged at 300°C. Instead, the compounds like ammelide, ammeline, triuret and melamine were observed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study revealed morphological changes in both pre-age and post-age samples. Further, the crystallinity variations were also observed for the changes in the heating cycles during deposit formation. The gravimetric analysis of deposits in pre-age and post-age conditions helps in predicting the amount of deposits for transient load cycles.

scholarly journals X-Ray Investigations of the Low-Temperature Phases of the Organic Metals α- and β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Endres ◽  
H. J. Keller ◽  
R. Swietlik ◽  
D. Schweitzer ◽  
K. Angermund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unit Cell Volume ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Metals ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

The structure of single crystals of the organic metals α- and β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3* was determined at 100 K, well below the phase transitions indicated by resistivity and thermopower measurements as well as by differential thermal analysis. In the α-phase no unusual change of the room temperature unit cell but a slight variation in the triiodide network and especially a more pronounced dimerization in one of the two donor stacks have been found. The β-phase develops a superstructure with a unit cell volume three times as large as that at room temperature and with pronounced distortions of the I3--ions.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF XENOSCHESIS WITH A KEY TO THE GENUS (HYMENOP.; ICHNEUMONIDAE)

1935 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stuart Walley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Two New Species

In arranging the National Collection material in Xenoschesis, two species were encountered which appear to be undescribed. The following descriptions are therefore presented with a table to the American species, which are all represented by specimens in the National Collection. Colour appears to be most valuable in separating our species and has therefore been used in the following key. The specimens before me exhibit only slight variation.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Outpatients With Advanced Cancer: The Accuracy of Clinician Estimations and the Relevance of Spiritual Well-Being—A Hoosier Oncology Group Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 2754-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fisch ◽  
Michael L. Titzer ◽  
Jean L. Kristeller ◽  
Jianzhao Shen ◽  
Patrick J. Loehrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Purpose: To evaluate the association between quality-of-life (QOL) impairment as reported by patients and QOL impairment as judged by nurses or physicians, with and without consideration of spiritual well-being (SWB). Patients and Methods: A total of 163 patients with advanced cancer were enrolled onto a therapeutic trial, and cross-sectional data were derived from clinical and demographic questionnaires obtained at baseline, including assessment of patient QOL and SWB. Clinicians rated the QOL impairment of their patients as mild, moderate, or severe. Clinician-estimated QOL impairment and patient-derived QOL categories were compared. Correlation coefficients were estimated to associate QOL scores using different instruments. The analysis of variance method was used to compare Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General scores on categorical variables. Results: There was no significant association between self-assessment scores and marital status, education level, performance status, or predicted life expectancy. However, a strong relationship between SWB and QOL was noted (P < .0001). Clinician-estimated QOL impairment matched the level of patient-derived QOL correctly in approximately 60% of cases, with only slight variation depending on the method of categorizing patient-derived QOL scores. The accuracy of clinician estimates was not associated with the level of SWB. Interestingly, a subset analysis of the inaccurate estimates revealed an association between lower SWB and clinician underestimation of QOL impairment (P = .0025). Conclusion: Clinician estimates of QOL impairment were accurate in more than 60% of patients. SWB is strongly associated with QOL, but it is not associated with the overall accuracy of clinicians’ judgments about QOL impairment.

Lateral Inhibition: Are two hands better than one?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Gadiraju ◽  
Daniel Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Condition ◽  
Future Experimentation ◽  
Discrimination Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amplitude Discrimination

This study investigated the differences in amplitude discrimination capacity between two stimuli delivered to adjacent fingertips on the same hand (contralateral delivery) and stimuli delivered to two fingers on opposite hands (bilateral delivery).  The measures were obtained in order to study the impact of lateral inhibition via interhemispheric connections on cortical centers on opposite sides of the somatosensory cortex in comparison to lateral inhibition occurring between adjacent cortical centers within the same hemisphere. Using the Cortical Metrics Brain Gauge™ device, amplitude discrimination capacity of 37 healthy subjects was assessed at several different durations, ranging from 40 to 500 msec, of vibrotactile stimulation delivered contralaterally and bilaterally. The results demonstrate a significant difference in amplitude discrimination capacity between the two conditions for stimulus duration of 200ms, with performance being better for the contralateral delivery of the stimuli than the bilateral condition for most tested durations. Task performance was roughly the same for the two conditions at the extremes of short (40ms) and long (500ms) stimulus durations. Amplitude discrimination capacity improved with longer stimulus durations in both bilateral and contralateral conditions. Though slight variation was observed at the level of each individual subject, overall, it is clear that local lateral inhibition plays a role in assessing the two stimuli delivered to the same hand that gives same-handed discrimination an advantage over two-handed discrimination. Additionally, the trends identified may be useful in guiding future experimentation that investigates clinical assessments of deficits in cortical processing that is mediated by callosal connections.

scholarly journals Nutrient Analysis of Grass Species Consumed by Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thakur ◽  
C.R. Upreti ◽  
K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Chitwan National Park

The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is found almost exclusively in Nepal and North-Eastern India. There have beenonly a few studies made on the food and the nutrient compositions of fodder species preferred by The Greater One- horned Rhinoceros. Thepresent study identifies the nutrient content of the fodder species consumed by One-horned rhinoceros which would be helpful to develop proper strategies for rhinoceros food management. For this altogether 8 grass species which were most preferred by rhinoceros were collected from Chitwan National Park. Systematic sampling was applied for sample collection and collected samples were taken to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Khumaltar for nutrient analysis. Among all the collected species the highest OM% was seen in Faank (93.98 ± 0.88) while Ash% and CP% was found to be highest in Eragrastic Tenella (13.67 ± 2.92) and Phragmatic karka (11.94 ± 2.26) respectively. Lowest NDF% was again seen in Eragrastic tenella (76.76 ± 2.93) and lowest ADF% and ADL% were found in Mala dubo with mean values (43.50 ± 6.86) and (6.41 ± 2.16) respectively showing high digestibility of these grasses. There were only slight variation in the EE% of the grass species withhighest mean value of (3.702 ± 1.73) of Imperata cylindrical to lowest mean value of (1.722 ± 0.11) of Eragrastic tenella. Highest energy was found in Faank (4181.90 ±1.10) and Calcium content was seen highest in Cynodon dactylon (1.30 ± 0.83).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11119 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 402-408 

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals Development parameters of the latent period as a response of rubber tree resistance to South American leaf blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
João Alberto Zago Bevenuto ◽  
José Raimundo de Souza Passos ◽  
Edson Luiz Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Traditional Breeding

ABSTRACT The major phytosanitary problem for rubber tree cultivation in Brazil is the disease known as South American leaf blight, caused by the fungus Microcyclus ulei. Its symptoms manifest in young leaves and cause intense defoliation, resulting in reduced latex production and even the death of susceptible plants. Thus, this disease consists in a constant threat to East Asian plantations. As worldwide traditional breeding programs have evolved, interspecific hybrid clones have currently been used for planting. They are more productive and show better resistance to pathogens. However, traditional breeding programs have not led to significant progress in resistance to South American leaf blight since the selection is directed to clones with complete resistance. In this pathosystem, horizontal or partial resistance (HR) and vertical or complete resistance (VR) can act simultaneously, evidencing their complexity and difficult quantification. This study aimed to: characterize the foliar lesion type in Hevea sp. X M. ulei pathosystem; verify the clonal susceptibility to pathogens; analyze the infection frequency for resistance quantification in Hevea sp. x M. ulei pathosystem, and recommend differentiating rubber tree clones to quantify M. ulei races in Brazil. The monocyclic parameters (latent period and lesion diameter) are applicable for resistance quantification in Hevea sp. x M. ulei pathosystem. Latent period had slight variation among clones. Lesion diameter had wide variation among clones and was a discriminating parameter for horizontal resistance and vertical resistance.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of MIMO Dual Band Patch Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications in Mobile Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 5446-5451
Author(s):  
Swati Dhandade
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

This paper presents a dual-band MIMO antenna design with compact size for 5G communication under 6 GHz band frequency. The metallic monopole stub structure is used to miniaturization of antenna. The L-shape monopole antenna is modified by adding semi-circular element in radiating structure of monopole to obtain dual-band resonance. The High isolation is achieved by employing T-shaped stub in ground plane.It has compact size is 45 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm3. The proposed Dual Band MIMO antenna has been design on FR4 material with ɛr = 4.4 with 1.6 thickness. The proposed antenna has 5G application in the bands of 2.5 GHz (2.34 GHz-2.62 GHz) and 3.5 GHz (3.20 GHz-5.20 GHz). The bandwidth of antenna getting 320MHz and 2500MHz at 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz respectively. The Isolation (S21) of proposed antenna is -31.2 dB at 2.5 GHz and -19.5 dB at 3.5 GHz. VSWR is less than 1.06 for both the bands. The designed dual band MIMO antenna covers 5G bands of 2.3-2.4GHz (n30/n40), 2.4-2.5GHz (n7/n38/n41/n90), and 3.2-5.2GHz (n77/n78/n80). The experimental and simulated results observed good matching except some slight variation. This proposed dual band MIMO antenna is suitable for 5G mobile Communications.

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