Assembling the Fabric of Life: When Settler Colonialism Becomes Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Jabary Salamanca
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Relationship

This article brings attention to the political geography of settler colonialism and the ways in which the Palestinian built environment materializes in space, consolidating uneven and racialized landscapes. It argues that settler-colonial space is intimately related to the building of infrastructures structured by development and humanitarian practices. More specifically, the discussion explores how roadscapes are materially and symbolically constructed; it also examines the ways in which development, rather than constituting a tool of empowerment, becomes a mechanism to manage the short-term "humanitarian" needs of Palestinians that arise from the imperatives of settler colonialism. Problematizing road infrastructure allows us to explore the relationship between Palestinian and donor agendas, and concomitant discourses on economic development and state building; in other words, how settler infrastructures are normalized through their association with tropes of modernity, progress, humanitarianism, and development.

scholarly journals Uma trilha sonora no largo da carioca: caminhadas de escuta e observação como método de investigação dos espaços públicos/A soundtrack on the Largo da Carioca: listening and observation walks as a public spaces investigation method

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Renato Coimbra Frias
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Investigation Method ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMOO presente trabalho discute a relação existente entre sons, política e espaços públicos. Tal discussão é conduzida pela análise dos dados obtidos em um trabalho de campo realizado no Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, que consistiu no mapeamento das diferentes atividades que ocupam esse espaço público e no registro em áudio dos sons ao longo de uma caminhada pelo Largo da Carioca. A análise evidencia como o som produzido por camelôs, artistas de rua e outras atividades observadas em campo exerce um importante papel no jogo de posições entre elas, configurando-se como importante fator na geografia política dos espaços públicos.Palavras-chave: Espaços Públicos, Caminhadas Sonoras, Paisagens Sonoras. ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the relationship between sounds, politics and public spaces. This discussion is conducted by the analysis of data obtained in a fieldwork in Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, which consisted in mapping the different activities that occupy this public space and in the audio recording of the sounds present on a walk along the Largo da Carioca. Our analysis shows how the sound produced by street vendors, street performers and other activities observed in field plays an important role in the positions established between them, becoming an important factor in the political geography of public spaces.Keywords: Public Spaces, Soundwalks, Paisagens Sonoras.

American Political Development from Citizens' Perspective: Tracking Federal Government's Presence in Individual Lives over Time

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Mettler ◽  
Andrew Milstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Although scholars of American political development (APD) have helped transform many aspects of the study of U.S. politics over the last quarter-century, they have barely begun to use the powerful analytical tools of this approach to elucidate the relationship between government and citizens. APD research has probed deeply into the processes of state-building and the creation and implementation of specific policies, yet has given little attention to how such development affects the lives of individuals and the ways in which they relate to government. Studies routinely illuminate how policies influence the political roles of elites and organized groups, but barely touch on how the state shapes the experiences and responses of ordinary individuals. As a result, we know little about how governance has influenced citizenship over time or how those changes have, in turn, affected politics.

The Social Production of Building form: Theory and Research

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D King
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Form Theory ◽  
Building Form ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the relation of theory to empirical research in the broad area indicated by the title is examined. The relevance, and, in cases, the adequacy, is discussed of existing theory for ‘making sense’ of specific empirical data on one item, or segment, of the built environment, namely, the specialised dwelling form of the bungalow, which, in both name and single-storey form, as vacation house or suburban dwelling, has been introduced to many market economies around the world. After a brief consideration of the historical and cross-cultural approaches to the study of the built environment and its neglect in the new urban studies, a series of questions generated by the data and contextualised within specific theoretical spheres are addressed. These include: the relation of building form to economy, society, and culture; culture and the political economy of building form; the social production of specialised dwelling forms; the relationship between per capita income, tenure, and dwelling form, and between dwelling and settlement forms; urban and building form and the world system; counterurbanisation and the world economy; and the political economy of global urbanisation. It is concluded that, for the adequate conceptualisation of the built environment, the use of theory must be eclectic and prepared to draw on different disciplines.

The Challenge of State-Building in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Political Geography ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
European Experience ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Power

This chapter examines three sets of issues that present a challenge to state-building in Africa: the cost of expanding the domestic power infrastructure; the nature of national boundaries; and the design of state systems. Understanding the decisions made regarding each is critical, and there are profound trade-offs inherent to different approaches. Africa’s political geography helped structure the responses that leaders adopted to each set of issues just as European decisions were influenced by the structural features of that region. The chapter first compares the political geographies of Europe and Africa, focusing on the European experience of state consolidation and the nature of African politics, before discussing the extension of power in Africa. It also explores continuities in African politics and concludes with an overview of the analytic tools that are central to this study.

Everywhere in Our Sight

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Safe Harbor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the liturgy and psalm singing of a group of Dutch Reformed exiles known as the Stranger church, who found safe harbor under the leadership of Johannes a Lasco in London in the 1550s only to face expulsion after the accession of Mary I. By singing the metrical psalms of Jan Utenhove, the exiles envisioned a community that could be enacted in any place and redefined their relationship to a world in which they had no sanctioned place. Thus the Stranger church reimagined the entire earth as a place of exile and looked to heaven as their home when their bodies rose from the earth. The story of the Dutch Strangers thus separates belief from the political geography of sixteenth-century Europe, and it reveals how the turmoil of the era transformed the relationship between belief and the physical world.

DAVID WALDNER, State Building and Late Development (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999). Pp. 256. $49.95 cloth, $18.95 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Michael Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
State Building ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Comparative Inquiry ◽  
The Relationship

David Waldner's book is a rigorously argued and impressively sustained account of the relationship between state-building and economic growth in four late-developing countries: South Korea, Syria, Taiwan, and Turkey. By systematically and crisply using a comparative method to bring a unified story to these different histories, Waldner demonstrates in a masterly way the benefits of genuine comparative inquiry; contributes to our understanding of the painful results of economic development in the Middle East; and uses Middle Eastern cases to advance our understanding of the complicated and mediated linkage between state formation and economic development. This ambitious book deserves a wide audience.

The Emergence of Islamic Liberation Theology in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-61
Author(s):  
Matthew Palombo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Subaltern History ◽  
Political Praxis ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts

AbstractThere is a growing interest in Islamic liberation theology today, and seminal authors such as Ali Shariati, Alighar Ali Engineer (1984, 1990), Farid Esack (1984, 1997), and Hamid Dabashi (2008) have developed its central commitments. In South Africa the earliest representative text was the ‘Review of Faith’ (1984) by Farid Esack, used by the Call of Islam (est. 1984) for cultivating personal piety and conscientization (critical consciousness) against apartheid. Based on recent interviews, unpublished manuscripts, and published works, this article demonstrates how Islamic liberation theology emerged in the political praxis of Muslims against settler colonialism and apartheid. In this subaltern history, political Islam as political praxis and not state building generated a unique discursive space for an Islamic liberation theology to emerge within the confluence of two ideological paths: those of humanism and Islamism.

25. Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wright
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Aspects

This chapter examines the consolidation of democracy and human rights in Nigeria. With regard to the relationship between development and human rights, Nigeria presents an interesting puzzle. It is rich in oil, but has not been able to translate its immense natural resources into sustainable economic development and respect for human rights. Ethnic and religious tensions, a result of colonialism, have been exacerbated by disastrous economic development, which has in turn led to a deteriorating human rights situation and intense violence. The chapter first considers the political economy of Nigerian oil before discussing the country’s political and economic development, with particular emphasis on critical aspects of human security and civil society. It concludes with an assessment of the progress that has been made as well as ongoing development challenges Nigeria faces.

Action on Issues

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Harold Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Client Participation ◽  
Ethical Imperative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge about the political aspects of the delivery of social and health services is necessary in formulating policies that will have the most chance of achieving the desired goal of improved services. Also required for effective action is a critical evaluation of the relationship of long-term goals, as set forth in policies, and short-term action decisions. An ethical imperative based on the principles of distributive justice is proposed as the means of achieving a more equitable and just allocation of resources. Specific practical principles are suggested, including giving the highest priority to access to services, insuring client participation in decision-making, altering programs to fit the life-style of the clients, and persisting in the pursuit of solutions.

scholarly journals Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Credit ◽  
Elizabeth Mack
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable places. While a few authors have assessed the impact of urban design on property values, this paper fills a gap by examining links between components of walkable built environments and individual business characteristics. This paper uses a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework to explicitly look at the relationship between neighborhood built environment features at the Census tract level and the sales volume per employee of individual businesses in 2010. The cities of Phoenix and Boston are used as contrasting study sites in order to inspect how larger regional characteristics influence the built environment–performance link. The results indicate that specific features of walkable built environments are positively associated with business performance. However, the relationship between walkable built environments and business performance varies considerably depending on the type of business and city-level context being studied, indicating that significant nuance must be used when considering place-based economic interventions. Although no causal statements can be made about the built environment and business performance, the results of this paper indicate that (in some contexts) design-based place-making initiatives could be used to generate sustainable local economic development.

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