Dramatic Monologue, Detective Fiction, and the Search for Meaning

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-218
Author(s):  
Britta Martens
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Robert Browning ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Dramatic Monologue ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
Shared Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract This essay compares the genres of the dramatic monologue and detective fiction in terms of their contemporaneous development and respective reading processes. Drawing on narratological categories, it examines the emphasis in both genres on the withholding of information and the stimulation of the reader's desire to establish meaning and exert judgment. Despite these similarities in the reading process, the genres’ epistemologies seem opposed: the relativist dramatic monologue clearly challenges the belief in absolute meaning, while the classic detective formula depicts the problematic process of arriving at an apparently unambiguous truth. On a subtler analysis, however, detective fiction echoes and diversifies the dramatic monologue's questioning of stable meaning. Both genres explore questions of relativism, both invite their readers to engage in modes of investigative reasoning and a problematized process of “solving,” and both can be read as critiquing the literature of subjectivity and reflecting the transgression of norms in a society where key values are shifting. Considering the origins of both genres, the essay asks whether a further relationship might derive from the debt that their founding figures, Edgar Allan Poe and Robert Browning, owe to the Gothic and from their shared interest in the individual psyche.

Memoirs: The Neuro-Muscular Mechanism of the Gill of Pecten

1930 ◽  
Vol s2-73 (291) ◽  
pp. 365-392
Author(s):  
S. B. SETNA
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Branchial Nerve ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experimental. 1. The contraction of the adductor-muscle which follows stimulation of the palial nerve is preceded by a marked contraction of the ctenidial axis, so that the gill contracts before the adductor-muscle becomes active. This movement of the ctenidium is abolished if the main branchial nerve is cut near its origin. 2. The gills of Pecten possess a neuromuscular mechanism which is to some extent independent of the rest of the body, so that excised gills when stimulated react in the same way as an attached gill. 3. The lamellae of the gill possess two distinct types of movement. (a) When the surface of the gill is stimulated by contact with a glass rod or by carmine particles, the frontal surfaces of the two lamellae approach each other; the movement very often being executed by the lamella which is not actually being stimulated. The lateral extent of these movements (concertina movements) is roughly proportional to the intensity of the stimulus. Such movements normally appear to transfer the bulk of the material on to the mantle. Separation of the main branchial nerve abolishes these movements. (b) Each principal filament is capable of moving the ordinary filaments to which it is attached. This movement (flapping movement) is due to the movements of the interfilamentar junctions which alternatively move up and down at right angles to their length. This motion is independent of the branchial nerve and can be produced by direct stimulation of very tiny pieces of the individual filaments. 4. The significance of gill movements to feeding habits is discussed. The course of food particles depends on the nature of the stimuli affecting the gill. Histological. 5. The ctenidial axis and the principal filaments have a stratum of anastomosing nerve-cells which appear to form a true nerve-net comparable to that of the mantle. 6. The gill receives nerve-fibres from two sources, the brain and the visceral ganglion. The subsidiary branchial nerve is a structure hitherto unknown in the molluscan gill; so far its function is unknown. Each gill has four main longitudinal nerve-trunks. 7. The osphradium of the gill has a much more extensive distribution than has hitherto been supposed. 8. Two sets of muscles exist at the base of the gill-filaments, and these are responsible for movements of the lamellae. The muscle-fibres are non-striated. 9. The principal filaments are connected to the ordinary filaments by processes containing true muscle-cells, and by these cells movements of the filaments are effected.

scholarly journals The Labyrinth and the Non-Solution: Murakami’s A Wild Sheep Chase and the Metaphysical Detective

MANUSYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Rhys William Tyers
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Raymond Chandler ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Wild Sheep ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
Definition Of

Many of Murakami’s novels demonstrate his appropriation of the terminology, imagery and metaphor that are found in hardboiled detective fiction. The question of Haruki Murakami’s use of the tropes from hardboiled detective stories has been discussed by scholars such as Hantke (2007), Stretcher (2002) and Suter (2008), who argue that the writer uses these features as a way to organize his narratives and to pay homage to one of his literary heroes, Raymond Chandler. However, these arguments have not adequately addressed the fact that many of Murakami’s novels fit into the definition of the metaphysical detective story, which is “a text that parodies or subverts traditional detective-story conventions” (Merivale & Sweeney 1999:2). Using this definition as a guiding principle, this paper addresses the issue of the metaphysical detective features apparent in Murakami’s third novel, A Wild Sheep Chase, and, more specifically, looks at his use of the non-solution and labyrinth as narrative devices. The main argument, then, is that Murakami’s A Wild Sheep Chase fits in with the metaphysical detective novel and uses the familiar tropes of the labyrinth and the non-solution to highlight our impossible search for meaning.

Stimulation of Cl- self exchange by intracellular HCO3- in rabbit cortical collecting duct

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. C94-C101 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matsuzaki ◽  
J. B. Stokes ◽  
V. L. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Cortical Collecting Duct ◽  
High K ◽  
Shift Experiment ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

In rabbit cortical collecting duct, Cl- self exchange accounts for most of the transepithelial Cl- tracer rate coefficient, KCl (nm/s); a small fraction is effected by Cl--HCO3- exchange and Cl- diffusion. We previously reported that changing from a CO2-free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) bath to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- bath stimulates Cl- self exchange. Here, we examine in further detail the individual components of the CO2-HCO3- system that stimulate KCl. Addition of 0.5% CO2 to a HEPES bath (final pH = 7.24) stimulated KCl by 70 +/- 19 nm/s, a delta KCl comparable to that induced by 1% CO2 (pH 7.12), 6% CO2 (pH 6.6), or 6% CO2-25 mM HCO3- (pH 7.4). The roles of intracellular pH (pHi) and HCO3- concentration were examined by clamping pHi using high K+ and nigericin. Increasing pHi from 6.9 to 7.6 in solutions without exogenous CO2 or HCO3- increased KCl by 71 +/- 17 nm/s. These results suggest that pHi might regulate anion exchange. However, during such a pHi-shift experiment, metabolically derived CO2 produces a concomitant change in intracellular HCO3- concentration [( HCO3-]i). To determine whether an increase in [HCO3-]i could stimulate Cl- self exchange, we replaced HEPES with 6% CO2-5 mM HCO3- isohydrically (pHi clamped at 6.9). With this increase in [HCO3-]i at constant pHi, KCl increased by 51 +/- 10 nm/s. These maneuvers had negligible effects on Cl- diffusion and Cl--HCO3- exchange. These experiments demonstrate that increases in cell [HCO3-] (or perhaps CO2) can stimulate transepithelial anion exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Organizational Creativity Management: Discussion Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Muzzio ◽  
Fernando Gomes Paiva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Organizational Creativity ◽  
Creative Leadership ◽  
Managerial Grid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract This article proposes to work with the theoretical concept of creativity management by promoting a reflection defined by encouraging work relationships that involve creative individuals and creative leadership in attitudes that foster a creative culture. This analysis considers creativity as a precursor of innovation and evaluates it as a universe capable of improving organizational competitiveness, since, creativity is understood as a social phenomenon. The discussion in this article addresses conditions and characteristics related to the individual, to leadership and culture. Creativity management is a component of a managerial grid focused on interfering in the internal and external contexts of an organization by reviewing deviant and divergent practices regarding the stimulation of creative processes. The development of creativity over time is illustrated by a concept called the spiral of creativity. In conclusion, analyzing creativity as something that is collectively produced and has manageable elements increases the ability to make decisions that foster creativity and allow it to be managed collectively.

Soft Palate Reflex: Technical Requirements and First Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godber S. Godbersen ◽  
Johannes Schneider-Littfeld ◽  
Jochen A. Werner ◽  
Sönke Wolters ◽  
Axel Pellner
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Data Processing System ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electromyographic Signals ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study describes technical prerequisites for soft palate reflex measurements and first results. Reflex measurements can be done using standard electromyographic methods. The data-processing system that records and processes the electromyographic signals was activated when the soft palate was stimulated by a newly developed device. The first results of objective soft palate reflex measurements in 15 healthy subjects show that the musculus levator veli palatini reacts to a mechanical stimulation of the soft palate with a contraction that can be measured electromyographicslly. The response latencies were constant in the individual subjects. In 12 subjects a minimum of 30 ms and a maximum of 61 ms was recorded. In one healthy subject, the reflex was activated only after 167 ms. No reflex could be evoked in two subjects. The stimulus was always supraliminal. Reaction time was longer following surface anesthesia of the oral mucosa.

Mechanisms of synergism between glucose and cAMP on stimulation of insulin release

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E701-E708 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Phang ◽  
L. Domboski ◽  
Y. Krausz ◽  
G. W. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Rat Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanism of synergism between glucose and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on insulin release has been studied. Synergism may result from 1) inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ exchange by glucose and 2) a cAMP-induced sensitization of the release machinery to Ca2+. To distinguish between these two possibilities, isolated rat pancreatic islets were perifused with agents that raise intracellular levels of cAMP [3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin] and others that increase intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ either by blocking Na2+-Ca2+ exchange (ouabain and choline-Ringer solution) or by causing increased Ca2+ influx (KCl, carbachol, and 10 mM Ca2+). The results indicate that both the combination of cAMP and increased Ca2+ influx or blocked Na2-Ca2+ exchange and increased Ca2+ influx potentiated insulin release. When the relative potentiating abilities of cAMP and blocked Na2+-Ca2+ exchange were compared by determining the individual effects of IBMX and 1 mM ouabain (a concentration that causes similar inhibition of 45C2+ efflux as 16.7 mM glucose) in the presence of carbachol, cAMP was only 1.4 times more potent as a potentiating agent than blocked Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The greatest potentiation of insulin release was observed when Na+-Ca2+ exchange was blocked in the presence of increased levels of intracellular cAMP.

INVESTIGATION OF HORMETIC STIMULATION IN STRAWBERRY PLANTS USING IONIZING RADIATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. SHEPPARD ◽  
C. L. GIBB ◽  
J. L. HAWKINS ◽  
W. R. REMPHREY
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormesis is the stimulation of growth by very low levels of inhibitors or stressors. This phenomenon may be useful in crops where the usual cultural factors have been optimized. The literature indicates that substantial stimulation of early growth of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) could be achieved by exposing transplants to low doses of ionizing radiation. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness and reliability of X rays as a hormetic agent. Plants of a day-neutral cultivar Hecker and of a June-bearing cultivar Glooscap were irradiated at 0.5–16 Gy and planted in pots. The plants were grown outdoors and growth was recorded each week. Significant stimulation above the controls in the number of trifoliate leaves occurred in the day-neutral cultivar. This effect persisted until the first phase of fruiting. No significant stimulatory effects were observed at any time in the June-bearing cultivar. Two field trials with a June-bearing cultivar Redcoat, irradiated at doses of 0.5 and 2 Gy, also revealed no significant stimulation. The dominant factor regulating early growth was the size of the individual transplants. Therefore, although hormetic stimulation may occur, it will be difficult to quantify and optimize and it will not likely be useful for practical application.Key words: X ray, transplant, day-neutral, June-bearing

“THE KING IS COLD,” BY STODDARD, NOT BROWNING

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-362
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Robert Browning ◽  
Dramatic Monologue ◽  
American Poet ◽  
William Cullen ◽  
Victorian Literature And Culture

About a decade ago, I discovered an unknown poem attributed to Robert Browning in two New York abolitionist periodicals, and published an article about it here in Victorian Literature and Culture. I made the case that the poem, a dramatic monologue entitled “The King is Cold,” sounds like Browning in ways that suggest either its authenticity or the early familiarity of an American audience with Browning's style; and I closed the article with the statement, “By bringing ‘The King is Cold’ to light, I hope to encourage further speculation and inquiry as to its place either among Browning's collected works, or within the larger field of Browning scholarship that includes the study of his American reputation” (469). Since then, electronic databases have automated broad, sweeping searches of periodicals, and now the relevant information is easily discovered: the poem was in fact written by Richard Henry Stoddard, the American poet and man of letters. It was first published under Browning's name in the New York News sometime late in 1857, and was correctly ascribed to Stoddard in Russell's Magazine in December of that year; I found this information by searching in the American Periodicals Series Online, 1740–1900. The abolitionist reprintings (in the National Anti-Slavery Standard and the Liberator) apparently followed the version in the New York News, and the misattribution was perpetuated. Indeed, the poem reappeared in another New York periodical, Munsey's Scrap Book, in 1909, where it was still being given out as Robert Browning's. “The King is Cold” was also included as Browning's in William Cullen Bryant's oft-reprinted New Library of Poetry and Song.

Effect of renal interstitial infusion of arachidonic acid on proximal sodium reabsorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. F237-F242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kinoshita ◽  
J. C. Romero ◽  
F. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Interstitium ◽  
Tubular Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Interstitial Infusion

The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on proximal sodium reabsorption has not been fully defined. The objective of the present study was to determine the response of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption to infusions of arachidonic acid and specific PGs into the renal interstitium in rats. Renal interstitial infusions of arachidonic acid as well as the individual PGs, I2, E2, and F2 alpha, were employed to elevate the concentration of these PGs in the kidney. Infusion of 10(-4) M arachidonic acid elicited a marked increase of urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) from 260.1 +/- 52.7 to 507.4 +/- 129.5 pg/min (P less than 0.05) and a smaller increase of PGE2 from 18.4 +/- 11.2 to 25.9 +/- 10.9 pg/min (P less than 0.05). When micropuncture samples were obtained from superficial late proximal tubules, infusion of arachidonic acid increased the fractional delivery of sodium (FDNa) from 47.8 +/- 5.9 to 58.3 +/- 4.6% (n = 6, P less than 0.01). In the presence of indomethacin, arachidonic acid failed to augment FDNa. Infusion of 10(-5) M PGI2 also increased FDNa from 51.4 +/- 3.4 to 64.0 +/- 4.4% (n = 10, P less than 0.01). PGF2 alpha did not change FDNa and PGE2 decreased it from 53.1 +/- 5.4 to 37.4 +/- 3.3% (n = 8, P less than 0.01). In summary, the present study demonstrates that renal interstitial infusion of arachidonic acid decreases sodium reabsorption by the superficial proximal tubules possibly through the stimulation of PGI2 production.

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