An integrated experimental and numerical method to assess the fatigue performance of recycled rail

Recycling of rail is practised in the railway industry to promote sustainability and economic efficiency. The functional reliability of recycled rail has to be addressed to ensure safe application. Studies on the reliability of railway rails place great emphasis on fatigue failure. However, scarcity of public domain data on recycled rails and limitation of experimental hardware capability has constrained the study on the fatigue of recycled rails. The aim of the investigation is to propose a novel integrated approach for exploring the fatigue performance of recycled rail effectively and efficiently. A high cycle fatigue test was conducted on a recycled rail specimen to obtain data for the validation of the finite element (FE) numerical model. Following this, the FE numerical model was incorporated with the stepwise load increase test (LIT) method. The integrated method gave a more conservative prediction of the fatigue performance than the analytical method. The shot blasting process induced compressive residual stress which affected the specimen’s fatigue performance. This result was demonstrated by the integrated method. Furthermore, this integrated method also successfully reduced the overall required test time. The predicted endurance limit of the specimen was 130.37MPa, accomplishing the BS EN 13674-1:2011 standard.

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Effect of unsupported sleepers on dynamic behavior of running vehicles and ride comfort index

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406221989371 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622198937

Author(s):

Mojtaba Azizi ◽

Majid Shahravi ◽

Jabbar-Ali Zakeri

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Dynamic Behavior ◽

Multibody Dynamics ◽

Field Test ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Comfort Index ◽

Railway Industry ◽

Flexible Track ◽

Train Speed

Nowadays, with various advancements in the railway industry and increasing speed of trains, the design of railway tracks and vehicles has become vitally important. One of the frequent problems of ballasted tracks is the existence of unsupported sleepers. This phenomenon occurs due to the lack of ballast underneath the sleepers. Here, a model is presented, in which a flexible track model in a multibody dynamics program is developed, in order to study the dynamic behavior of a vehicle. By utilizing the model, it is feasible to simulate unsupported sleepers on the flexible track including rail, sleeper, and ballast components. In order to verify the results of numerical model, a field test is performed. Findings indicate that, in the case of a single unsupported sleeper through the track, the ride comfort index increased by 100% after increasing the train speed from 30 to 110 km/h. Moreover, when it is needed to have ride comfort index improvement over the uncomfortable level, the vehicle speed should be less than 70 km/h and 50 km/h for tracks with one unsupported sleeper and two unsupported sleepers, respectively.

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Integrated method for the measurement of trace atmospheric bases

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-4-6007-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 6007-6040 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Key ◽

J. Stihle ◽

J.-E. Petit ◽

C. Bonnet ◽

L. Depernon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Urban Park ◽

Sampling Strategies ◽

Road Vehicles ◽

Integrated Method ◽

The Many ◽

Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace atmospheric nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications, as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

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An Efficient PET-MRI Medical Image Fusion based on IHS-NSCT-PCA Integrated Method

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.b3365.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 2073-2079

Keyword(s):

Structural Data ◽

Fusion Rule ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Weighted Averaging ◽

Fusion Algorithm ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Histogram Matching ◽

Multiple Imaging ◽

Fused Image

Merging of multiple imaging modalities leads to a single image that acquire high information content. These find useful applications in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. IHS-PCA method is a spatial domain approach for fusion that offersfinestvisibility but demands vast memory and it lacks steering information. We propose an integrated approach that incorporates NSCT combined with PCA utilizing IHS space and histogram matching. The fusion algorithm is applied on MRI with PET image and improved functional property was obtained. The IHS transform is a sharpening technique that converts multispectral image from RGB channels to Intensity Hue and Saturation independent values. Histogram matching is performed with intensity values of the two input images. Pathological details in images can be emphasized in multi-scale and multi-directions by using PCA withNSCT. Fusion rule applied is weighted averaging andprincipal components are used for dimensionality reduction. Inverse NSCT and Inverse IHS are performed so as to obtain the fused image in new RGB space. Visual and subjective investigation is compared with existing methods which demonstrate that our proposed technique gives high structural data content with high spatial and spectral resolution compared withearlier methods.

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Integrated method for the measurement of trace nitrogenous atmospheric bases

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-4-2795-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 2795-2807 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Key ◽

J. Stihle ◽

J.-E. Petit ◽

C. Bonnet ◽

L. Depernon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Urban Park ◽

Sampling Strategies ◽

Road Vehicles ◽

Integrated Method ◽

The Many ◽

Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace, atmospheric, gaseous nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications (e.g., methylamine, 1 pptv; ethylamine, 2 pptv; morpholine, 1 pptv; aniline, 1 pptv; hydrazine, 0.1 pptv; methylhydrazine, 2 pptv), as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

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BIM for Healthy Buildings: An Integrated Approach of Architectural Design based on IAQ Prediction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10417

Author(s):

Alessandro D’Amico ◽

Giacomo Bergonzoni ◽

Agnese Pini ◽

Edoardo Currà

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Building Materials ◽

Building Design ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Well Being ◽

Fundamental Aspect ◽

Control Instrument ◽

Building Information ◽

And Control

The relationship between users and the built environment represents a fundamental aspect of health. The factors that define the properties linked to health and well-being are increasingly becoming part of building design. In these terms, building information modelling (BIM) and BIM-based performance simulation take on a priority role. Among the key features for the design of Healthy Buildings, indoor air quality (IAQ) plays a central role. There are numerous indoor pollutants with significant health effects; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are to be mentioned among these. The paper presents the proposal of an integrated workflow in the BIM process for the check and control of VOC emissions from building materials and their concentration in confined environments. The workflow is developed through the systematisation of IAQ parameters for the open BIM standard, the integration in the BIM process of a numerical model for the prediction of the VOCs concentration in the indoor environment, and the development of model checkers for performance verification. The results show a good adhesion between the numerical model and the implementation in BIM, providing the designer with a rapid control instrument of IAQ in the various phases of the building design. The present study is the first development focused on TVOC, but implementable concerning other aspects of IAQ, as needed for the effectiveness of performance building-based design for health and wellness issues.

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Fast four-dimensional tensile test monitored via X-ray computed tomography: Elastoplastic identification from radiographs

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design ◽

10.1177/0309324718810593 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Clément Jailin ◽

Ante Buljac ◽

Amine Bouterf ◽

François Hild ◽

Stéphane Roux

Keyword(s):

Tensile Test ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Constitutive Law ◽

Free Form ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Displacement Fields ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Ductile Behavior

A projection-based digital volume correlation method (presented in a companion paper) is extended to an integrated approach for the calibration of an elastoplastic law based on a single radiograph per loading step. Instead of following a two-step sequential procedure (i.e. first, measurement of the displacement field; second, identification), the integrated method aims at identifying few model parameters directly from the gray-level projections. The analysis of an in situ tensile test composed of 127 loading steps performed in 6 min is presented. An isotropic elastoplastic constitutive law with free-form hardening behavior (i.e. controlled by only eight parameters) is identified and shows a ductile behavior (up to 6.3% strain before failure). A large improvement on the residual quality is shown and validates the proposed model and procedure. The obtained displacement fields are similar to those measured with no mechanical integration. A different parameterization of the constitutive law provides a very close result, thereby assessing the robustness of the procedure.

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An Integrated Approach to Optimal Three Dimensional Layout and Routing

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.2829180 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 510-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Szykman ◽

J. Cagan ◽

P. Weisser

Keyword(s):

Simulated Annealing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Routing Algorithms ◽

Future Research ◽

Test Case ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Route Design ◽

Product Layout

This paper integrates simulated annealing-based component packing, layout and routing algorithms into a concurrent approach to product layout optimization. The design of a heat pump is presented to compare the integrated method to the previous sequential layout-then-route approach; results show a substantial improvement in route design with more organized component placements. The example is given in detail to provide a test case for future research in this area.

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An Integrated Method for XRII Image Distortion Correction

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.252 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 742 ◽

pp. 252-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuan Jin Li ◽

Hua Zhong Shu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Yang Wang ◽

You Yong Kong

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Spline Interpolation ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Distortion Correction ◽

Least Square ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Biharmonic Spline Interpolation

The distorted X-Ray Image Intensifier (XRII) image can introduce negative effect on following work for C-arm CT imaging system. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach based on least squares and Biharmonic spline interpolation to correct geometric distortions of XRII images. The method first uses morphology operation to extract the coordinate values of control points. Then the least square method fits the extracted coordinate values in every row and computes the more coordinate values by fixing the length in every row. Finally, The Biharmonic spline interpolation is used to interpolate the all coordinate values and correct the distortional XRII image. The experiment shows that the integrated method can effectively correct the distorted XRII image.

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An integrated method for taxonomic identif ication of microorganisms

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj20.630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 376-382

Author(s):

Yu. E. Uvarova ◽

A. V. Bryanskaya ◽

A. S. Rozanov ◽

V. N. Shlyakhtun ◽

E. A. Demidov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Genetic ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Observation Methods ◽

Genetic Techniques ◽

Artificial Classification ◽

Genotypic Characteristics

For accurate species-level identification of microorganisms, researchers today increasingly use a combination of standard microbiological cultivation and visual observation methods with molecular biological and genetic techniques that help distinguish between species and strains of microorganisms at the level of DNA or RNA molecules. The aim of this work was to identify microorganisms from the ICG SB RAS Collection using an integrated approach that involves a combination of various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Key molecular-genetic and phenotypic characteristics were determined for 93 microbial strains from the ICG SB RAS Collection. The strains were characterized by means of morphological, physiological, moleculargenetic, and mass-spectrometric parameters. Specific features of the growth of the strains on different media were determined, and cell morphology was evaluated. The strains were tested for the ability to utilize various substrates. The strains studied were found to significantly differ in their biochemical characteristics. Physiological characteristics of the strains from the collection were identified too, e. g., the relationship with oxygen, type of nutrition, suitable temperature and pH ranges, and NaCl tolerance. In this work, the microorganisms analyzed were combined into separate groups based on the similarities of their phenotypic characteristics. This categorization, after further refinement and expansion of the spectrum of taxa and their metabolic maps, may serve as the basis for the creation of an “artificial” classification that can be used as a key for simplified and quicker identification and recognition of microorganisms within both the ICG SB RAS Collection and other collections.

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