scholarly journals Justinijanovo utvrđivanje Ilirika

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavko Ciglenečki
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The article discusses various examples of fortification in the area of the prefecture of Illyricum, extending from the Mediterranean Noricum and Dalmacia all the way to Epirus and Achaea, which are attributed to the Justinian period. For eastern Illyricum exist the extensive documents of Procopius, with partial descriptions of cities, settlements, and military fortifications, which require critical evaluation so establish an accurate insight into the extent of Justinian’s activities. Data of this type – with several small exceptions – do not exist for western Illyricum, but archaeological excavations and field surveys of the well-preserved architecture in the Mediterranean section have enabled dating of buildings and the renovation of numerous structures in the Justinian period. These significant changes in the settlement structure of late Antiquity can be characterized as the "kastronization" of settlements and territories and the "transition from polis to kastron". In the article the author attempts, in comparison with better known examples of fortification in eastern Illyricum cited in sources, to seek parallels in western Illyricum and to present the similarities and differences between them. The author will show the different categories of towns and their transformation, as well as the occasional defensive structures already dated in more detail to the Justinian period. For fortification in the area he will briefly delineate the state of research in the various regions of the prefecture of Illyricum, and for several better investigated examples display the fundamental characteristics of the construction of the military fortifications and settlements. In somewhat more detail will be presented the later defensive elements of fortifications in Dalmatia, Bosnia, Slovenia, and Austria. Several examples of lines of defensive barriers will also be noted.

Steps toward a Study of Symeon the Stylite the Younger and His Saint’s Cult*

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-407
Author(s):  
Dina Boero ◽  
Charles Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Insight Into

A large dossier of primary sources survives for Symeon the Stylite the Younger from Late Antiquity. These sources include not only hagiographical evidence, but also archaeological remains from his cult site, homilies, and at least one letter. They offer insight into the varied voices which shaped Symeon’s identity, sanctity, and ministry in the sixth and early seventh centuries CE. The state of scholarship on these sources is uneven, however, with the result that scholars have primarily studied the saint and his cult through the lens of the hagiographic material, the Life of Symeon Stylites the Younger in particular. In order to lay the foundation for a full inquiry into the saint and his cult, this article disentangles the dossier of evidence on Symeon in Late Antiquity. It introduces each source in chronological order; provides an overview of authorship, date, and the state of scholarship for each source; and makes preliminary recommendations for paths forward. It is meant to be a guide for art historians and archaeologists unfamiliar with the sizeable literary corpus, textual scholars who do not often work with material sources, and, for both groups, an introduction to problems in the dossier. It encourages scholars to treat each source on its own terms and re-evaluate the rich interconnections between the textual and archaeological evidence.

Naming religious groups in the late Roman empire

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore S. de Bruyn
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Late Roman

What are scientifically valid and interpretatively meaningful names for adherents of religious cults or traditions in the Mediterranean world of late antiquity? This question lies behind the articles in this issue of Studies in Religion / Sciences Religieuses, which consider the meaning and validity of five names used in studies of religion in the late Roman empire: "pagans," "Jews," "Christians," "Gnostics" and "Manichaeans." This paper, an introductory essay to the issue, proposes that, when answering this question, one adopt Benson Saler's prototype approach to the categorization of religious groups. It argues, further, that a prototype approach must include etic categories of analysis and that it requires specific and detailed studies of similarities and differences within and between groups.

scholarly journals Służba rycerska i mieszczańska oraz jej uzbrojenie na Górnych Łużycach za czasów Luksemburgów. Stan badań

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Michał Dudziński
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Military ◽  
Scientific Achievements

This article presents the state of research on the military service of knights and townspeople of Upper Lusatia and their armament during the Luxembourg reign. These considerations include not only the presentation of scientific achievements in this field, but also the justification of the intention to address this issue. The paper is a draft in nature. In terms of quantity, the source material is rich, although in terms of quality it looks less impressive. The richest archive collections can be found in Germany. The archives in Poland and the Czech Republic are also noteworthy, although they are not very large. Most attention was paid to this issue by German researchers, although the problem was often on the sidelines of main considerations. The most valuable studies were conducted by prominent Upper Lusatian historians Hermann Knothe and Richard Jecht. In Poland, the problem is not widely considered, although the research by Mateusz Goliński and Robert Heś is worthy of attention. Despite the fact that studies on this issue are not very well developed, it is justified to work on a potential publication on this subject. This need stems from the growing interest in Upper Lusatia and the inspiring works of medieval historians from Wrocław. Key words: Upper Lusatia, Luxembourg dynasty, military service of knights and townspeople, state of research, armament, Hermann Knothe, Richard Jecht

scholarly journals Seagrass meadows of the Moroccan Mediterranean coast: state of research and knowledge

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hocein Bazairi
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Large Distribution

Seagrass meadows are highly productive and key ecosystems that undergo widespread loss due to ‘climate-related’ and human-mediated stressors as well as natural causes. Therefore, basic information about the distribution, abundance, and characteristics of seagrass meadows and their environment is critical for managers to assess and monitor the resource. Such knowledge is lacking for Morocco and there is a clear need to acquire baseline data for monitoring and protecting these important habitats. The present review summarizes the state of the research and the knowledge on seagrass meadows of the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Data were assessed using a compilation of historical data compared to recent confirmed observation and field surveys conducted within the framework of several projects (MedMPAnet, Medkeyhabitats, etc.). Of the five species of strictly marine Magnoliophyta found in the Mediterranean Sea, four are also currently identified along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Zostera noltii); the Lessepsian immigrant Halophila stipulacea has not been recorded yet. Apart from C. nodosa, that showed large distribution, the other species remain spatially localized and their distribution has been declining since they have disappeared from many localities. This is the case of Zostera marina that has probably disappeared from many localities (e.g. Cap des Trois Fourches, Marchica lagoon). However, some previous citations, such as the presence of Posidonia oceanica in the Marchica lagoon, seem to be a systematic confusion. Moreover, quantitative data on the characteristics of seagrass meadows are very scarce and many areas of knowledge gaps were identified along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. An in-depth study of seagrass meadows occurring in Morocco is strongly required and would substantially increase the knowledge on such habitats and help in their conservation.

It's All About Development: Assessment Is Only the Start

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Suzanne Miklos ◽  
Michael Sliter
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
Insight Into

A critical evaluation of the state of assessment and development for senior leaders raises several important questions and identifies knowledge gaps that can be used as a framework for establishing future research programs. Reynolds, McCauley, Tsacoumis, and the Jeanneret Symposium participants (2018) present a great starting point for questioning the practices in executive assessment, particularly surrounding the use and impact of executive assessment for selection and/or development. Our commentary is focused on expanding the dialogue on executive assessment and development, providing insight into this question based on our executive assessment experience within a variety of organizations, ranging from financial services to healthcare to retail.

scholarly journals Exercitus barbarorum. Organizacja i działania wojsk ludów germańskich osiadłych w V i VI wieku w basenie Morza Śródziemnego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 287-305
Author(s):  
Marek Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Military

Organization of the armies of the barbarian states that emerged on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea in the 5th and 6th centuries can only partially be recon­structed. Primary sources and archeological records vary depending on the state. The preserved evidence relating to the military power of the Vandals and Goths is relatively good, much less is known about the Svevs. All of the discussed barbar­ian armies were presumably grouped into units based on ten. Better insight can only be provided into the top military ranks. An interesting issue presented in the thesis is to what degree the former tribal structures were preserved and how far the Roman models were followed by the barbaric people. None of the armies of the kingdoms referred to above can fully be compared with the Germanic army that existed in the north of the Medieval Europe, which inevitably leads to sub­stantive errors. All the foregoing kingdoms had armies mostly composed of native warriors which, however, did not guarantee their purely Germanic character. The author tries to determine to what extent the Roman population or inhabitants of certain provinces, e.g. the Moors joined the military organizations of kingdoms under the Germanic rule. Examples of the Roman officers and commanders who sought carrier in the Gothic army or representatives of subdued nations serving in the Vandals’ navy or auxiliaries encourage to perform further study in this field.

scholarly journals Early mediaeval hoard of iron objects from Rujkovac and similar finds from the central Balkans

Starinar ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Ivan Bugarski ◽  
Vujadin Ivanisevic
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Metallurgical Activities

By the village of Rujkovac in southern Serbia, one of the numerous local hillforts is situated. Since it has not been systematically explored, our knowledge of its history leans on an insight into the chance finds. On this occasion, we have opted to depict eight iron objects, probably coming from a damaged hoard. Thanks to four Hungarian-type stirrups which have already been published, the hoard from Rujkovac was dated to the second half of the tenth and the first half of the eleventh century. Similar finds from outside the Central Balkans are well studied, but there have been misinterpretations of their occurrence in this territory. The findings of tools from the Rujkovac hoard may be widely dated. The pickaxe belongs to Henning's class L1 the mattock to the class K8, the scythe to the I5 class, and the plowshare to the A3 class of the same typology. Both typologically and territorially, the closest finds come from a hoard of iron objects found at Strezevo by Bitola, Macedonia, but the presented estimations of its date have caused some confusion. It was Valery Jotov who rightly dated it to the second half of tenth and the first half of the eleventh century. Some other similar finds come from the Central Balkans, present-day Serbia and Macedonia, most of which were not sufficiently studied and were incorporated neither in Henning's 1987 corpus nor in Florin Curta's papers that followed (1997, 2011). It is hard to judge the date of some of the hoards. For instance, the Gamzigrad III hoard has been dated to the Late Antiquity, and the Jelica hoard perhaps to the early seventh century. We are open to the possibility that these hoards in fact come from the Early Middle Ages. The other hoards, found at Ada Ciganlija (Belgrade), Pontes, and in Macedonia are chiefly dated to the tenth and eleventh centuries. The Rujkovac and Strezevo hoards are ascribed to the military, the Gamzigrad II to the local smithy, and the rest of the hoards may have belonged to individuals rather than to communities. The prevailing agricultural character of these hoards is closely related to population growth in Byzantium at that time. The hoards testify to the renewal of life and metallurgical activities in the tenth and eleventh centuries in the southern part of the Central Balkans. The increase in money hoards speaks in favour of some economic renewal too. Our earlier conclusion, though with some reservations, was that both the Rujkovac and Strezevo finds came from a Byzantine context. We would suggest that the same could be stated for the rest of the hoards depicted in this paper.

scholarly journals Seagrass meadows of the Moroccan Mediterranean coast: state of research and knowledge

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hocein Bazairi
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Large Distribution

Seagrass meadows are highly productive and key ecosystems that undergo widespread loss due to ‘climate-related’ and human-mediated stressors as well as natural causes. Therefore, basic information about the distribution, abundance, and characteristics of seagrass meadows and their environment is critical for managers to assess and monitor the resource. Such knowledge is lacking for Morocco and there is a clear need to acquire baseline data for monitoring and protecting these important habitats. The present review summarizes the state of the research and the knowledge on seagrass meadows of the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Data were assessed using a compilation of historical data compared to recent confirmed observation and field surveys conducted within the framework of several projects (MedMPAnet, Medkeyhabitats, etc.). Of the five species of strictly marine Magnoliophyta found in the Mediterranean Sea, four are also currently identified along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Zostera noltii); the Lessepsian immigrant Halophila stipulacea has not been recorded yet. Apart from C. nodosa, that showed large distribution, the other species remain spatially localized and their distribution has been declining since they have disappeared from many localities. This is the case of Zostera marina that has probably disappeared from many localities (e.g. Cap des Trois Fourches, Marchica lagoon). However, some previous citations, such as the presence of Posidonia oceanica in the Marchica lagoon, seem to be a systematic confusion. Moreover, quantitative data on the characteristics of seagrass meadows are very scarce and many areas of knowledge gaps were identified along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. An in-depth study of seagrass meadows occurring in Morocco is strongly required and would substantially increase the knowledge on such habitats and help in their conservation.

The State of Research in American Theatre History

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Walter J. Meserve
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Many ◽  
American Theatre History ◽  
Insight Into

In the “last analysis” the concern must always be for insight. Saul Bellow made it a demand: “Now I want insight.” So, too, should the reader of theatre history. Unfortunately, in the vast majority of recently published material on American theatre history that demand is not being met. Among the many young scholars researching and writing on this subject, few appear even to aspire to that mastery of the material which will produce major scholarship. The old guard persists, but today's youthful historians of American theatre tend toward an annual birth and death pattern rather than perennial growth. Obviously, such an observation should not be construed as an adverse criticism of all existing scholarship; yet, it does describe a general condition of research in American theatre history. There are surveys, general observations, memoirs, descriptions, expository and critical essays on various topics, studies of theatres and playwrights, essays on popular entertainment and ethnic or racial theatre. Some of these publications contribute meaningfully to an understanding of American theatre; few, however, suggest insight into the history of that theatre.

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