ENZYMATISCH-FLUOROMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG DER CORTISOLBINDUNGSKAPAZITÄT DES PLASMA

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leybold ◽  
J. Rieper ◽  
L. Weissbecker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

ABSTRACT A simple method for the determination of cortisol-binding capacity is described. For saturation of the cortisol-binding proteins, plasma samples are incubated with an excess of cortisol. In the next step NADPH and liver microsomes of female rats are added. The microsomal Δ4-3-ketosteroid hydrogenase only reduces non protein-bound cortisol to tetrahydrocortisol-5α. Then the steroids are extracted by dichloromethane, and after some purification steps analyzed by fluorometry. Tetrahydrocortisol gives practically no fluorescence. The cortisol determined by this method corresponds to protein-bound cortisol and indicates the extent of cortisolbinding capacity. Precision and accuracy of the method were found to be good. The values of cortisol-binding capacity obtained by our method are compared with the results of other authors. The mean value of adult men was 25.5 ± 3.4 μg/100 ml, that of pregnant women, mens IX-X, 42.3 ± 4.2 μg/100 ml.

scholarly journals A RAPID, SENSITIVE AND VALIDATED ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PAROMOMYCIN IN MICE PLASMA: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jakir S. K. Pinjari ◽  
Rahul S. Somani ◽  
Ritu M. Gilhotra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Objective: To develop and validate simple, sensitive, accurate and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of paromomycin (PARO) in mice plasma.Methods: Precipitation method was used for the extraction of plasma samples, an aliquot of 25 µl plasma samples was extracted using 10% perchloric acid in water. Chromatographic separation was performed using waters acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) columns, BEH HILIC (50 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) by a gradient mixture of acetonitrile and water (both containing 0.005% v/v trifluro acetic acid) as a mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The analyte was protonated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and detected in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) modes using the transition m/z 308.60-455.30.Results: The method had a short chromatographic run time of 3 min. Calibration curves were linear over wide ranges of 50.51-5019.22 ng/ml. The between and within-batch precision and accuracy of the method was determined by using 4 quality control samples, the highest % CV observed was 11.06. The mean recovery values are 78.17, 101.17 and 92.58 at low, medium and high-quality control levels; respectively.Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed and validated UPLC-MS/MS method was rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise, linear, and specific. Therefore, this method can be used for quantification of PARO in mice plasma with various advantages over the reported methods.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

scholarly journals Transrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites in calves (short communication)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
A. Jacková ◽  
P. Siklenka ◽  
J. Pleva
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Nitrite Content

Abstract. In a study with 12 calves on milk nutrition, the course of methemoglobinemia as well as ttansrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites after single per os administrations of 4 g NaNO2 per animal and 30 g KNO3 per animal in the form of water Solutions has been observed. The response of the organism of calves to per os administered doses of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate was observed by the determination of tlie methemoglobin percentage in blood and the nitrate and nitrite content in urine before the administration ofthe respective dose and after h 1, 2, 3 and 4 after the administration. A significant elevation in the values of methemoglobin was recorded after h 2 after the administration of 4g NaNO3 per animal. The mean value of methemoglobin in blood was 18.84% of total hemoglobin. A slight decline in the values occurred as early as after h 3 after the administration. Of clinical signs, cyanosis of visible mucosae was observed. The highest nitrite and nitrate values in urine were determined after h 2 after per os administration of 4g NaNO2, With the administration of 30g KNO3 per animal, the most pronounced elevation in methemoglobinemia was observed after h 3, when the means values of methemoglobin was 11,75%. Of clinical signs, only slight cyanosis of mucosae was detectable. Maximum values of nitrates in urine of experimental calves after h 3 after the administration of 30 g KNO3 per animal, with the mean value of 29,9 mM NO3−1 clearly demonstrate a good transrenal passage of nitrates in calves on milk nutrition.

SEPARATION OF ANTIBODY-BOUND AND FREE HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONES BY ETHANOL-AMMONIUM ACETATE

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Römmler ◽  
B. B. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT The use of 66% ethanol containing 6.6% ammonium acetate provided a simple and economical method for the separation of antibody-bound and free 131I-labelled hormones in incubation mixtures of low protein concentrations used in the radioimmunoassay of human pituitary FSH and LH. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by similar results obtained in the evaluation of radiation damage to the tracer, binding of the tracer to the antibody and the separation of the antibody-bound and free 131I-labelled hormones by the use of ethanol-ammonium acetate solution and chromato-electrophoresis. The sensitivity of the measurement of the hormones was 10 pg with a precision of ± 5%; thus allowing the determination of hormone concentrations in as little as 20 to 50 μl of the plasma samples. There was a 98.5 to 102% recovery of the hormones added to the plasma samples of pre-determined hormone concentrations. The use of highly purified antigens for radioisotopic labelling and standard as well as purified antisera provided specific measurements of FSH and LH in the plasma. Various dilutions of a post-menopausal plasma sample yielded responses parallel to those obtained for the doseresponse curves of the FSH and LH standards by logit-log plots, thus confirming the validity of the assay. The mean plasma FSH and LH levels in normal men, children and in women during the luteal phase were 2.7 and 2.6, 1.1 and 1.2, and 1.8 and 2 ng/ml, respectively, whereas the plasma of hypophysectomized subjects showed trace to detectable levels of FSH and LH.

Determination of high-density lipoprotein phospholipids in serum.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Color Development ◽  
The Mean

Abstract I describe a method for measuring high-density lipoprotein phospholipids. Magnesium chloride and dextran sulfate are used to precipitate all low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins. The supernate contains only high-density lipoproteins, the phospholipid concentration of which is determined by an enzymic method. The precision of the method (CV) is 2.35% (10 repeated assays), and the mean value for HDL-phospholipids was 1006 (SD 248) mg/L for 30 apparently healthy subjects. I used electrophoresis and enzymic color development to confirm the presence of HDL-phospholipids. Results are compared with those obtained by an ultracentrifugation method.

Determination of oxygenated, mixed venous blood CO2 tension by a breath-holding method

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Knowles ◽  
William Newman ◽  
Wallace O. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
The Mean

At the end of a normal expiration the subject inhaled a given volume of gas mixtures containing different concentrations of CO2 in O2 from 5 to 17%. These were held in the lung for 3 and then again for 12 seconds and were then expired and analyzed. Analyses were made with an infrared analyzer and times were obtained from the graphical record. If the rate of change of CO2 tension is plotted against the mean CO2 tension a straight line results which passes through zero rate at the tension which equals the tension of CO2 in the mixed oxygenated venous blood. From the slope of this straight line it is possible to calculate the cardiac output if the lung volume and slope of the CO2 dissociation curve of the blood are known. Data are presented from 37 experiments on 10 subjects. The method is believed to be theoretically sound but has not been validated as a practical clinical method. Occasional erratic points were obtained, especially in untrained subjects. The standard error of the mean value for venous CO2 tension was 1.9 mm Hg. Submitted on July 13, 1959

URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN BOYS AND ADULT MEN

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SCIARRA ◽  
U. LEONE
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Immunological Method ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY The daily urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined in 15 boys, aged 5–11 yr., and in 15 adult men, aged 18–65 yr., by an immunological method using the haemagglutination inhibition system. The hormone was detected in every subject investigated. The mean value for urinary LH excretion in boys was equivalent to 3·4 i.u./24 hr. (range 1·3–6·5) and was 29·3 i.u./24 hr. in adults (range 15·4–44·6). The mean adult: child ratio was 8·6. There was a significant increase in LH output with age in both the boys and the men; the rate of this increase was the same in both groups. However, there was a sharp rise in hormone output at about the onset of puberty.

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