CORTISOL SECRETION DURING ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN MAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cornil ◽  
G. Copinschi ◽  
R. Leclercq ◽  
J. R. M. Franckson
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

ABSTRACT The adrenocortical function has been studied in ten subjects suffering from acute infection with high fever. Measurements were performed during the acute stage and again after recovery. In all patients, cortisol secretion was higher during the acute period (averaging 37.8 ± 8.3 mg/d) than after recovery (21.0 ± 7.0 mg/d). Urinary 17-ketogenic steroids were also significantly increased during the infection: 12.9 ± 5.4 mg/d, as against 8.2 ± 2.4 mg/d during convalescence. However, the proportion of secreted cortisol converted into urinary 11-oxy-17-ketogenic steroids was significantly lower during the acute stage than after recovery.

Interferon-γ Mediated Pathways And Mitogen Stimulated Proliferation During And After An Acute Infection

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Miriam Knoll ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Guenter Weiss ◽  
Rosa Bellmann-Weiler ◽  
Bojana Kovrlija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

AbstractBackground: Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) regulates the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine via induction of indoleamine- 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Local tryptophan depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites might impair the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the actual status of immune system activation of patients with bacterial infection in the acute phase and during convalescence in vivo and in vitro. Parameters of systemic immune system activation were evaluated for associations with proliferative responsiveness of immune cells, and compared with healthy controls. Methods: 24 patients with various acute bacterial infections were included in the group of acutely ill patients. Sixteen patients participated in a follow-up examination after convalescence. The control group consisted of 6 healthy people. To assess the status of immune system activation in vivo, inflammation parameters C-reactive protein and differential blood counts were determined. Neopterin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tryptophan and kynurenine measurements were performed with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the patients’ blood and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro proliferation rates were evaluated by ³H-thymidine incorporation and neopterin production and tryptophan degradation were determined in supernatants of mitogen stimulated PBMCs. Results: Patients with acute bacterial infections showed reduced tryptophan and elevated neopterin concentrations, which did not normalize after convalescence period. Higher plasma neopterin values and increased IDO-activity were associated with reduced proliferative responses in vitro after stimulation with PHA. Associations were observed during acute infection as well as convalescence. Conclusions: Results of this study show that increased immune system activation in vivo is associated with impaired proliferative responsiveness of immune cells in vitro in acute bacterial infections as well as during convalescence.

scholarly journals CHANGES PRODUCED IN MOUSE PLASMA PROTEINS BY ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Williams ◽  
Courtney T. Wemyss
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Striking Increase ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

The immunoelectrophoretic patterns of plasma proteins from mice are altered significantly by acute infections. Some proteins are dissociated into two or more components, some showed striking increase in plasma concentration, others are depleted, and certain ones appear which are undetectable in normal samples. ß1-C dissociated into two electrophoretic components under a variety of conditions in addition to infections. Endotoxins and killed organisms in vivo, and specific precipitate absorption, heat and aging in vitro produced this change. Endotoxins injected into mice also induced a rise in haptoglobin though not as sharply or predictably as acute infection. Preliminary results with samples from hospital patients with acute diseases are discussed. It was concluded that study of experimental diseases in laboratory animals by these techniques could provide a fruitful basis for the investigation of the plasma protein changes in similar human diseases.

Hyponatremia and Adrenocortical Function in Patients with Severe Bacterial Infections

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Faber ◽  
Helga Flachs ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Jorgen Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Adrenocortical Function

Development of Peptides that Inhibit Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and β-Lactamases for Control of Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1026
Author(s):  
Bruna O. Costa ◽  
Marlon H. Cardoso ◽  
Octávio L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

: Aminoglycosides and β-lactams are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. This occurs because they are capable of acting in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics has been constantly threatened due to bacterial pathogens producing resistance enzymes. Among them, the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and β-lactamase enzymes are the most frequently reported resistance mechanisms. AMEs can inactivate aminoglycosides by adding specific chemical molecules in the compound, whereas β-lactamases hydrolyze the β-lactams ring, preventing drug-target interaction. Thus, these enzymes provide a scenario of multidrug-resistance and a significant threat to public health at a global level. In response to this challenge, in recent decades, several studies have focused on the development of inhibitors that can restore aminoglycosides and β-lactams activity. In this context, peptides appear as a promising approach in the field of inhibitors for future antibacterial therapies, as multiresistant bacteria may be susceptible to these molecules. Therefore, this review focused on the most recent findings related to peptide-based inhibitors that act on AMEs and β-lactamases, and how these molecules could be used for future treatment strategies.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE ETIOLOGY AND DISEASE SPECIFIC CLINICAL PROFILES OF ACUTE UNDIFFERENTIATED FEBRILE ILLNESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Prasad ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Raj Kumar Deepak ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Disease Specific

Background: To evaluate the etiology and disease specific clinical profiles of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in Medicine Department of Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Bettiah, W. Champaran, Bihar. Methods: This 1 year prospective, observational study was conducted in Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Bettiah, Bihar from October 2019 to September 2020 in 150 patients. Clinical evaluation and relevant investigations like Blood culture; malarial parasites and febrile serology (acute and convalescent) were performed. Results and Observation: A total of 150 AUFI patients were evaluated: scrub typhus (19); malaria (3); enteric fever (2); dengue (11); leptospirosis (19); hantavirus (1), acute bacterial infections (14), HIV (1), hepatitis (1), and unclear diagnoses (79). Conclusion: This study reports discovery of dengue, typhus fever, leptospirosis, and rare disease like Hanta and more number undiagnosed cases ranging from 15% to 42% in local community. This shows that further research is required in identifying the etiology of undifferentiated fevers.

scholarly journals Chemokine Patterns in Children with Acute Bacterial Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Cavalcanti ◽  
L. C. Torres ◽  
M. C. da Matta ◽  
C. D. Lindoso ◽  
L. N. A. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

Monitoring both serum amyloid protein A and C-reactive protein as inflammatory markers in infectious diseases

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakayama ◽  
S Sonoda ◽  
T Urano ◽  
T Yamada ◽  
M Okada
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We examined serum amyloid protein A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as inflammatory markers of viral and bacterial infections. Both acute-phase reactants increased in the acute stage and thereafter decreased in the convalescent stage. In viral infections, the mean serum concentrations of SAA during the acute stage were 141 mg/L in infections with adenovirus, 77 mg/L with measles virus, 63 mg/L with influenza virus, 55 mg/L with parainfluenza virus, 31 mg/L with respiratory syncytial virus, and 31 mg/L in aseptic meningitis. The mean serum concentration of CRP was 19 mg/L for adenovirus infection and < 7 mg/L in all other viral infections. The SAA concentrations were 5- to 11-fold greater than the CRP concentrations. Both the SAA and the CRP concentrations were higher in bacterial infections than in viral infections. Changes in the concentrations of serum SAA paralleled those in serum CRP in bacterial infection; during the course of viral infection, however, serum SAA tended to disappear more quickly than CRP did. SAA appears to be a clinically useful marker of inflammation in acute viral infections, with or without significant changes in the CRP concentration.

scholarly journals Effects of betamethasone on the course of experimentai. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G.C. Abath ◽  
Yara M. Gomes ◽  
Eridan M. Coutinho ◽  
Silvia M.L. Montenegro ◽  
Maria E.B. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Experimental Group

In this experiment, the effect of betamethasone administered in the early post- acute infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi was studied. This drug was administered during 30 days after the 42nd day of infection in a dose of 0.15 mg/day. The betamethasone treatment did not cause fresh outbreaks of parasitemia and the histopathological findings in the chronic phase were not different from those in the control group. The higher cumulative mortality after treatment in the experimental group was due to superimposed bacterial infections. Outbred albino mice infected with low numbers ofY strain Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were not suitable models for Chagas' disease, since after 7 months of observation only mild histological lesions developed in all the animais. Prolonged betamethasone treatment of mice infected with low numbers o/Trypanosoma cruzi of the Y strain, during the post-acute phase did not aggravate the course of infection.

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