PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE DURING LATE BOVINE PREGNANCY

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Edqvist ◽  
Lars Ekman ◽  
Börje Gustafsson ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bovine Pregnancy ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone* were measured in 127 dairy cows of the Swedish Red and White Breed. The levels recorded during the time period from the 20th to the 35th week of pregnancy were below or about 0.1 ng per ml. After the 35th week of pregnancy the levels increased gradually and maximum levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng per ml were found during the last week of gestation. After parturition the levels decreased significantly to about 0.1 ng per ml or less. Six cows were sampled daily from 8 days before until two days after parturition. The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and progesterone were measured. The oestrone level ranged from about 0.7 to 0.9 ng per ml during the last eight days preceding the delivery. The peripheral plasma levels of oestradiol-17β followed the same pattern as for oestrone. The concentration of oestradiol was only 10 to 20 per cent of the oestrone level. The mean peripheral plasma levels of progesterone were about 4 to 5 ng per ml during the last seven days before partus. A significant drop of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone to an average of 1.8 ng per ml occurred about 24 hours before parturition.

PLASMA 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Florensa ◽  
Robert Harrison ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Ezat Youssefnejadian
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP), progesterone (P) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured by radioimmuoassay techniques in 440 samples during normal human pregnancy between weeks 4 and 41. The levels of 20α-DHP in plasma from the 4th to the 6th week were between 6.0 and 6.6 ng/ml. From then until the 21st week the average plasma 20α-DHP concentrations remained at the same level between 4.0 and 6.3 ng/ml; they then rose significantly to and beyond term, levels reaching over 40 ng/ml. The range of mean plasma concentration of P during the first trimester of pregnancy fell to a nadir in the 9th week (170 ng/ml) then rose with increased gestation until the 39th week (190.4 ng/ml) followed by a slight and not significant drop. Single measurements of plasma 17-OHP from the 4th to the 6th week of pregnancy gave value between 2.8 and 3.6 ng/ml, but from the 7th week the mean plasma 17-OHP levels gradually declined, then from week 30 the 17-OHP concentration increased to reach a mean level of 7.63 ng/ml in the 41st week. The ratio P/20α-DHP increased from the 4th (3.5:1) to the 24th week (15.6:1) and then decreased from the 25th week (7.9:1) towards term (3.2:1).

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 mg OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total oestrogens were performed in 6 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed by three cycles of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. Two of the women showed a normal LH excretion pattern in all treatment cycles. The four other subjects also had periodical variations in the LH excretion but no distinct midcycle peaks occurred. The mean oestrogen excretion was increased in all three treatment cycles but the difference was satistically significant only in the last two cycles. Compared with the treatment cycles, the sum of progesterone values was significantly decreased in the first two cycles. Chlormadinone acetate in this dose had no thermogenic effect. Three of the subjects showed bleeding irregularities which had no clear connection with the hormone variations measured in the study. It is suggested that the low levels of progesterone might be due to a defective corpus luteum function.

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN DAIRY COWS; DIURNAL VARIATION AND RELATION TO FOOD INTAKE AND PLASMA SUGAR AND ACETOACETATE LEVELS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hove ◽  
Anne Kristine Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Marked diurnal variations were found in plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, acetoacetate (AcAc) and sugar in two herds (U and A) of dairy cows kept at two different levels of feeding. Seven animals from each herd were tested. The main diurnal variations were related to food intake, a significant increase in plasma insulin, and a significant decrease in plasma sugar being found. The acetoacetate level rose significantly during feeding in herd U (moderately underfed), while no significant increase was found in herd A (adequately fed). Plasma growth hormone was found to decrease (P < 0.01) only during feeding in herd U, while no change in the GH level could be detected in herd A. The mean level of GH in herd U was found to be twice the value found in herd A. There were no significant differences between the herds in plasma insulin and sugar. Significant differences in plasma levels of GH, insulin and sugar were found between animals when analysed within the herds. Variations in the levels of insulin and acetoacetate were very small during the night. This is contrary to GH, which shows the least variation during food intake. The correlation coefficient between the plasma components was low, although in many cases significant.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING OVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ONSET OF MENSTRUATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. K. Bosu ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT The levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in serial peripheral plasma samples from 11 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during ovulatory menstrual cycles. In 3 other monkeys luteectomy was performed on day 20 or 21 of the menstrual cycle. The mean plasma levels of oestradiol-17β predominated over the mean E1 during the follicular phase, but during the luteal phase the E1 and E2 patterns varied widely. Before menstruation, increased or unchanged levels of E1 and E2 were mostly found. The decrease found in a few monkeys never reached the low levels found during the days after the midcycle peak. The plasma levels of progesterone increased from less than 0.2 ng/ml during the follicular phase to maximal values within 3 to 4 days after the midcycle peak of oestradiol-17β. The plasma levels of progesterone decreased to less than 1 ng/ml and remained low for 3 to 5 days before menstruation. In the luteectomized monkeys the plasma levels of P, E1 and E2 fell dramatically within 24 h and vaginal bleeding was detected within 72 h post-operatively. In 2 of the 3 luteectomized monkeys the levels of E1 and E2 increased before the bleeding. The ratio of oestrogens (oestradiol-17β and oestrone) over progesterone changed markedly in favour of the oestrogens during the pre-menstrual period. It is concluded that the patterns of progesterone and oestrogens are divergent during the luteal phase. The maximal levels of progesterone are reached early while the maximal levels of oestrogens are reached later during the luteal phase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plasma zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure in Khartoum State - Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi ◽  
Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed ◽  
Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean

The kidney is complex vital organs, and has many functions. The main function it‘s removal of toxic and excess  substancesfrom the plasma, if there is any defect in the kidney like renal failure can disrupt  this function. The aim of this study was to determine the level of Zinc and Copper in Sudanese patient with chronic renal failure. This study was designed as case control, which includes 100 blood samples, a 60 from these sample were collected from patient with chronic renal failure and 40 samples were collected from health individual as control group and the sample is collected by using sterile disposable syringes and separated by centrifuge. Carried out in Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum state, during period from March to June 2018. And the plasma levels of zinc and copper determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (OPERATOR’S MANUAL January 2003 VER 3.94 C), and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS. The result of this study showed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the plasma levels of zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure compared to the control subjects. The mean of plasma Zn was 0.3mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.002 and the mean of plasma Copper was 0.5mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.019. Also the study showed the gender and age of the patient, also the duration of the disease have no effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper (p 0.05). The study concludes that the plasma level of zinc and copper are low in patient with chronic renal failure. And the gender and age of the patient also the duration of disease have no significant effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper. Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Zinc, Copper, Sudanese

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE AND PROGESTERONE IN PREGNANT COWS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Edqvist ◽  
Lars Ekman ◽  
Börje Gustafsson ◽  
Sten-Olof Jacobsson ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peripheral Blood Plasma

ABSTRACT Eight pregnant cows of the Swedish Red and White Breed were used. Four cows at 248–250 days of pregnancy received 10 or 20 mg of dexamethasone1) intramuscularly and a second dose equal to the first 3 to 6 days later. Two cows at day 75 and two cows at days 147 and 150 of pregnancy received daily injections of 40 mg of dexamethasone for 7 to 12 days. All late pregnant cows delivered living calves 12 to 68 hours after the second injection. One cow at day 150 of pregnancy aborted on the 6th day from the start of treatment. In all the other cows dead foetuses were found. An increase in oestrone and a decrease in progesterone in peripheral blood plasma were observed in all late pregnant cows after the dexamethasone treatment. The increase in oestrone preceded the decrease in progesterone. The cow pregnant for 150 days which aborted showed decreased plasma levels of progesterone before abortion. No pronounced changes in the levels of progesterone were observed in the other three early pregnant cows. The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone showed no increase in any of the early and mid-term pregnant cows.

δ-Aminolaevulinic acid in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and erythrocytes: Studies in normal, uraemic and porphyric subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gorchein ◽  
R. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Aminolaevulinic Acid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

1. ô-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) was determined by g.l.c. with electron-capture detection. Normal plasma level was 92 nmol/l (sd = 39, n = 89, range 24–270 nmol/l). 2. ALA was undetectable in 35 of 53 samples of normal cerebrospinal fluid (limit of assay 2 nmol/l). The mean of the other 18 samples was 19 nmol/l (sd = 10, range 6–36 nmol/l). 3. Salivary ALA was generally only 10–30% of the plasma level in normal and porphyric subjects. 4. Erythrocytes of normal and porphyric subjects contained no detectable ALA and were impermeable to its entry. 5. ALA clearance correlated closely with that of creatinine, consistent with it being excreted by glomerular filtration with limited tubular reabsorption. 6. In chronic renal failure, serum ALA was elevated to a maximum of three to four times the normal, but its urinary excretion was reduced, in keeping with lessened production. 7. In two cases of acute intermittent porphyria with overwhelming neuropathy the maximum plasma levels of ALA were 9 and 12 μmol/l. Haematin infusion decreased the ALA levels but without obvious clinical benefit. Limited neurological recovery occurred without major reduction in plasma levels of ALA. 8. One subject's attack was precipitated by pregnancy. The neonate was apparently normal, despite high levels of ALA in maternal plasma throughout gestation and a high level of ALA in the cord blood. 9. The observations described here do not support the view that ALA may be directly neurotoxic.

scholarly journals Variation in dose and plasma level of lamotrigine in patients discharged from a mental health trust

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrina Douglas-Hall ◽  
Olubanke Dzahini ◽  
Fiona Gaughran ◽  
Ahmed Bile ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Trust ◽  
Enzyme Inducers

Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the dose of lamotrigine when prescribed with an enzyme inhibitor or enzyme inducer in patients discharged from a mental health trust and to determine the corresponding lamotrigine plasma concentrations and the factors that may affect these. Methods: All patients discharged on lamotrigine between October 2007 and September 2012 were identified using the pharmacy dispensing database. We recorded demographic details, lamotrigine dose and plasma levels and coprescribed medication. Results: During the designated period, 187 patients were discharged on lamotrigine of whom 117 had their plasma levels recorded. The mean lamotrigine daily dose was 226.1 mg (range 12.5–800 mg) and the mean plasma level 5.9 mg/l (range 0.8–18.1 mg/l). Gender, ethnicity, diagnosis and smoking status had no significant effect on dose or plasma levels. Patients taking an enzyme-inducing drug ( n = 6) had significantly lower plasma levels [mean (SD) 3.40 (1.54) mg/l] than those not taking enzyme inducers [ n = 111; 6.03 (3.13) mg/l; p = 0.043]. Patients taking an enzyme-inhibiting drug ( n = 23) had significantly higher levels [7.47 (3.99) mg/l] than those not taking an inhibitor [ n = 94; 5.52 (2.75) mg/l; p = 0.035]. No significant difference was found between the doses of lamotrigine in patients taking an enzyme inhibitor and those not taking one ( p = 0.376). No significant difference was found between the doses of lamotrigine in patients taking an enzyme-inducing drug and those not taking any ( p = 0.574). Conclusions: Current dosing recommendations indicate that lamotrigine doses should be halved in individuals taking enzyme inhibitors and doubled in those on enzyme inducers. In our survey these recommendations were rarely followed with the consequence that patients received too high or too low a dose of lamotrigine, respectively.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.1 mg OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Larsson-Cohn ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were performed in four women during one control cycle followed by three months of daily treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone. According to the plasma progesterone pattern, all four women seemed to ovulate during their control cycle. Two women became pregnant during their second cycle of treatment. During treatment all four women showed an atypical LH pattern without any distinct midcycle peak. The mean LH excretion during treatment was not significantly different from the mean level of follicular phase of normal cycles. The oestrogens and progesterone levels were within normal ranges. It is concluded that during treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone daily an apparently normal pregnancy may occur in spite of a different LH excretion pattern.

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