PLASMA 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Florensa ◽  
Robert Harrison ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Ezat Youssefnejadian
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP), progesterone (P) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured by radioimmuoassay techniques in 440 samples during normal human pregnancy between weeks 4 and 41. The levels of 20α-DHP in plasma from the 4th to the 6th week were between 6.0 and 6.6 ng/ml. From then until the 21st week the average plasma 20α-DHP concentrations remained at the same level between 4.0 and 6.3 ng/ml; they then rose significantly to and beyond term, levels reaching over 40 ng/ml. The range of mean plasma concentration of P during the first trimester of pregnancy fell to a nadir in the 9th week (170 ng/ml) then rose with increased gestation until the 39th week (190.4 ng/ml) followed by a slight and not significant drop. Single measurements of plasma 17-OHP from the 4th to the 6th week of pregnancy gave value between 2.8 and 3.6 ng/ml, but from the 7th week the mean plasma 17-OHP levels gradually declined, then from week 30 the 17-OHP concentration increased to reach a mean level of 7.63 ng/ml in the 41st week. The ratio P/20α-DHP increased from the 4th (3.5:1) to the 24th week (15.6:1) and then decreased from the 25th week (7.9:1) towards term (3.2:1).

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore H:son Holmdahl ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Peripheral plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone* were measured during normal human pregnancy. During the first trimester measurements of peripheral plasma progesterone were also included. Five cases of early pregnancies were followed with frequent blood-sampling until the 14th week of gestation. In one of the women daily blood samples were collected from 10 days prior to conception until the beginning of the 6th week. From the 18th week on, a total of 173 blood-samples were obtained from individual patients. During the 7th week the average plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone reached a maximum of 3.7 ng per ml followed by a gradual decline. From week 14 to week 34 the mean level was around 0.5 ng per ml. Thereafter an increase towards term was noted with a mean plasma level of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone of about 2 ng per ml in week 40. Peripheral plasma progesterone decreased from a mean level of 27.0 ng per ml in week 5 to reach a nadir of 16.0 ng per ml in weeks 8 and 9 followed by a gradual increase. No correlation between the plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and the clinical outcome of pregnancy could be demonstrated.

Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide during normal human pregnancy and the postpartum period

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yoshimura ◽  
M Yoshimura ◽  
H Yasue ◽  
M Ito ◽  
H Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract Increases in blood volume are observed during normal gestation and these are reversed shortly after delivery. Although both atrial (A-type) natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been described, the role of these peptides in pregnancy and the postpartum period are unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of pregnancy, labour and delivery on plasma levels of ANP and BNP. Plasma levels of ANP and BNP were determined during normal pregnancy, 30 min after separation of the placenta (immediately postpartum) and between 5 and 72 h postpartum (late postpartum; puerperium). Since the assay sensitivity was 20 pg/ml plasma (for both ANP and BNP), values less than this were assigned a value of 20 pg/ml to calculate means. Plasma levels of ANP and BNP were significantly higher at term pregnancy than during the first trimester (ANP increased from 20 ± 0·2 to 57 ± 10 pg/ml (s.e.m.), P<0·001; BNP increased from 25 ± 2 to 49 ± 9 pg/ml, P<0·01). The plasma level of ANP then rose to 157 ± 38 pg/ml 30 min after separation of the placenta, being significantly (P<0·01) higher than that seen at term pregnancy. It declined significantly (P<0·001) to 32 ± 3 pg/ml in the late postpartum period. In contrast, the plasma level of BNP 30 min after separation of the placenta was 80 ± 25 pg/ml, and increased to 116 ± 17 pg/ml in the late postpartum period, significantly (P<0·01) higher than the level at term pregnancy. We conclude that ANP and BNP may play a role in controlling blood volume during normal human pregnancy at term and during transition to the postpartum period. Changes in ANP immediately postpartum and BNP in the later postpartum period appear to be differentially regulated. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 393–397

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE DURING LATE BOVINE PREGNANCY

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Edqvist ◽  
Lars Ekman ◽  
Börje Gustafsson ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bovine Pregnancy ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone* were measured in 127 dairy cows of the Swedish Red and White Breed. The levels recorded during the time period from the 20th to the 35th week of pregnancy were below or about 0.1 ng per ml. After the 35th week of pregnancy the levels increased gradually and maximum levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng per ml were found during the last week of gestation. After parturition the levels decreased significantly to about 0.1 ng per ml or less. Six cows were sampled daily from 8 days before until two days after parturition. The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and progesterone were measured. The oestrone level ranged from about 0.7 to 0.9 ng per ml during the last eight days preceding the delivery. The peripheral plasma levels of oestradiol-17β followed the same pattern as for oestrone. The concentration of oestradiol was only 10 to 20 per cent of the oestrone level. The mean peripheral plasma levels of progesterone were about 4 to 5 ng per ml during the last seven days before partus. A significant drop of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone to an average of 1.8 ng per ml occurred about 24 hours before parturition.

PROPRANOLOL-BLOCKADE OF VASOPRESSIN INDUCED INCREASE IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Fylling
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT Following continuous dilation of the uterine cervix or intravenous infusion of vasopressin during the first trimester of human pregnancy, a marked increase in the peripheral plasma progesterone levels was observed. This effect was blocked by simultaneous administration of propranolol (Inderal®), a β-blocking agent. It is suggested that both these stimulating and inhibiting effects might be related to 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The results indicate the existence of β-receptors in steroid producing tissues.

Correlations Between the Values of Maternal Glycemia from the Last Trimester of Pregnancy and Fetal Birth Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Monica Vereş ◽  
Aurel Babeş ◽  
Szidonia Lacziko
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aims: Gestational diabetes represents a form of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. In the last trimester of gestation the growth of fetoplacental unit takes place, thus maternal hyperglycemia will determine an increased transplacental passage, hyperinsulinemia and fetal macrosomia. The aim of our study was that o analyzing the effect of maternal glycemia from the last trimester of pregnancy over fetal weight. Material and method: We run an observational study on a group of 46 pregnant women taken into evidence from the first trimester of pregnancy, separated in two groups according to blood glucose determined in the third trimester (before birth): group I normoglycemic and group II with hyperglycemia (>92mg/dl). Results: The mean value of third trimester glycemia for the entire group was of 87.13±22.03. The mean value of the glycemia determined in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher in the second group (109.17 mg/dl) in comparison to the first group (74.,21 mg/dl). The ROC curve for third trimester glycemia as fetal macrosomia appreciation test has an AUC of 0.517. Conclusions: Glycemia determined in the last trimester of pregnancy cannot be used alone as the predictive factor for fetal macrosomia.

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

Calcium-regulating hormones and parathyroid hormone-related peptide in normal human pregnancy and postpartum: a longitudinal study

1997 ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Ardawi ◽  
HA Nasrat ◽  
HS BA'Aqueel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Peptide

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate calcium-regulating hormones and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in normal human pregnancy and postpartum in women not deficient in vitamin D. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in pregnant Saudi women during the course of pregnancy (n = 40), at term and 6 weeks postpartum (n = 18). Maternal concentrations of serum calcidiol and calcitriol were determined, together with those of serum intact-parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTHrP, calcitonin, osteocalcin, human placental lactogen (hPL), prolactin, vitamin D binding protein, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate and magnesium. A group of non-pregnant women (n = 280) were included for comparative purposes. RESULTS: The calcidiol concentrations decreased (mean +/- S.D.) significantly from 54 +/- 10 nmol/l in the first trimester to 33 +/- 8 nmol/l in the third trimester (P < 0.001) and remained decreased at term and postpartum (both P < 0.001). The calcitriol concentration increased through pregnancy, from 69 +/- 17 pmol/l in the first trimester to 333 +/- 83 pmol/l at term (P < 0.001). Intact-PTH concentrations increased from 1.31 +/- 0.25 pmol/l in the first trimester to 2.26 +/- 0.39 pmol/l in the second trimester, but then declined to values of the first trimester and increased significantly postpartum (4.02 +/- 0.36 pmol/l) (P < 0.001). PTHrP concentration increased through pregnancy from 0.81 +/- 0.12 pmol/l in the first trimester to 2.01 +/- 0.22 pmol/l at term and continued its increase postpartum (2.63 +/- 0.15 pmol/l) (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were evident between PTHrP and alkaline phosphatase up to term (r = 0.051, P < 0.001) and between PTHrP and calcitriol (r = 0.46, P < 0.001), osteocalcin (r = 0.23, P < 0.05) and prolactin (r = 0.41, P < 0.05) during pregnancy. Osteocalcin started to increase from 0.13 +/- 0.01 nmol/l in the second trimester, through pregnancy and postpartum (P < 0.001). Calcitonin was increased more than twofold by the second trimester compared with the first trimester (P < 0.001) and subsequently decreased (P < 0.001). Prolactin concentrations were significantly greater in the second (6724 +/- 1459 pmol/l) and third (8394 +/- 2086 pmol/l) trimesters compared with values before pregnancy (P < 0.001). hPL, increased throughout the course of pregnancy, reaching a maximum at term (7.61 +/- 2.57 microIU/ml). There was no direct correlation between serum calcitriol concentrations during pregnancy and serum prolactin (r = -0.12, P < 0.19) or serum hPL (r = 0.17, P < 0.21). Significant changes were observed in the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate, but not in that of magnesium, during the course of pregnancy; calcium concentrations showed a maximal decrease at term. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in serum PTHrP during the course of pregnancy, at term and postpartum have been demonstrated, suggesting that the placenta (during pregnancy) and mammary glands (postpartum) are the main sources of PTHrP. No support for the concept of 'physiological hyperparathyroidism' of pregnancy could be demonstrated in the present work. The pregnancy-induced increase in calcitriol concentration may thus be the primary mediator of the changes in maternal calcium metabolism, but the involvement of other factors cannot be excluded.

STUDIES ON HUMAN ADRENAL STEROIDS: 1. THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPIN ON COMPONENTS OF THE FREE AND CONJUGATED PLASMA C2l ADRENAL STEROID FRACTIONS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Southcott ◽  
S. K. Gandossi ◽  
A. D. Barker ◽  
H. E. Bandy ◽  
Hamish McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

The free and conjugated adrenal steroid fractions of peripheral plasma from12 normal human males were studied. Specimens were withdrawn before and after the administration of corticotropin. Hydrocortisone was identified chemically and some evidence was obtained for the presence of corticosterone. Hydrocortisone levels showed a marked but variable increase after corticotropin treatment. In some cases the administration of corticotropin resulted in the appearance of an unconjugated compound which may have been a tetrahydro derivative of cortisone or hydrocortisone. A method for studying the conjugated fraction was developed and preliminary data indicated that four components were present in some specimens after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The level of these conjugates appeared to increase after treatment with corticotropin. In general, the response to a given dose of corticotropin showed considerable individual variation in the plasma levels of the components of both the free and conjugated corticosteroid fractions.

Electrical potential difference between exocelomic fluid and maternal blood in early pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. R1492-R1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Ward ◽  
Eric Jauniaux ◽  
Claire Shannon ◽  
Charles Rodeck ◽  
Robert Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forearm Vein

The forces that drive transfer of solutes between maternal blood and embryo in early human pregnancy are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an electrical potential difference (PD) between maternal blood and the exocelomic cavity and between maternal blood and the amniotic cavity in the normal human conceptus at or before 10 wk of pregnancy. We measured PD between a saline-filled catheter in a forearm vein of women undergoing termination of pregnancy for psychological reasons in the first trimester and a second saline-filled catheter in the exocelomic cavity or amniotic cavity of their conceptus. The mean (±SE) maternal blood/exocelomic cavity PD in eight women was 8.7 ± 1.0 mV and the mean maternal blood/amniotic cavity PD in four of the women was 6.7 ± 1.3 mV, embryo side negative for both sets of measurement. These data show that there is a PD between maternal and embryonic extracellular fluid in the first trimester that will directly influence exchange of ions between the two compartments.

PROGESTERONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG) LEVELS IN PLASMA DURING DILATION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Fylling ◽  
Nils Norman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT Dilation of the uterine cervix for 16 hours as a preliminary to the induction of legal abortion during the first trimester of human pregnancy resulted in a marked increase in the plasma level of both progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). In a control group (with the dilating instrument taped on the medial side of the upper thigh) no increase in progesterone occurred. The increase in the plasma level of HCG was more pronounced than that of progesterone, the mean increase being 80 and 50 per cent respectively. Following the termination of the pregnancy, the half life (t½) of endogenous HCG in peripheral plasma could be calculated, and was found to be about 7 hours.

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