EFFECTS OF THYROXINE ON T-CELL COUNTS AND TUMOUR CELL REJECTION IN MICE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aoki ◽  
G. Wakisaka ◽  
I. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT In an attempt to study the effect of thyroxine on peripheral T-cell (thymus derived lymphocyte) counts or immunological functions, inbred C3H/He mice (8–10 weeks old) were injected subcutaneously with thyroxine for more than 3 months. After treatment for 3 months the mice were examined for peripheral T-cell counts, thymic incorporation of tritiated thymidine and rejection of tumour transplants. The number of T-cells was counted by the indirect immunoflourescence method using anti-ΘC3H serum after separation of lymphocytes on "Ficoll-Conray". It was revealed that the peripheral counts of both lymphocytes and T-cells were increased in the thyroxine treated group as compared with the control group, as was reported in the patients with Graves' disease. Thymic incorporation of tritiated thymidine was also found to be significantly increased in the thyroxine treated group. In addition, in order to study T-cell activity of the host, thyroxine treated and control mice were challenged with Ehrlich carcinoma cells at several concentrations (102, 104 and 2 × 106 per mouse). It was found that rejection of tumour transplants was significantly enhanced in the T-cell rich mice. Thus, it is possible that thyroxine affects peripheral T-cell counts and enhances immunological functions of the host.

Prolonged Thrombocytopenia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT) and Its Association with an Increase in CD8+ CX3CR1+ Cells in Bone Marrow.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3077-3077
Author(s):  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Guo-xiang Wang ◽  
Yan-rong Liu ◽  
Lan-Ping Xu ◽  
Kai-Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Abstract 3077 Background: Since prolonged thrombocytopenia (PT) is an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the underlying mechanisms need to be understood in order to develop selective treatments. Previous studies1–4 have suggested that abnormalities in B cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of PT. However, abnormalities in B cells alone do not fully explain the complete pathogenic mechanisms of PT. Our previous studies5 showed that the frequency of megakaryocytes with a ploidy value ≤ 8N was significantly increased in patients who developed PT after allo-HSCT compared to the control group. Mechanisms concerning the megakaryocyte hypoplasia in PT after allo-HSCT are not well understood. Design and Methods: PT was defined as a platelet count ≤80 × 109/L for more than 3 months after HSCT, recovery of all other cell counts, and no apparent cause for thrombocytopenia, such as aGVHD, disease recurrence, CMV infection, or antiviral drug treatment at three months post-HSCT when all other blood cell counts had return to normal.5 We analyzed T cell subsets in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) from allo-HSCT recipients with and without PT (n = 23 and 17, respectively) and investigated the expression characteristics of homing receptors CX3CR1, CXCR4 and VLA-4 by flow cytometry. Futhermore, Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from PT patients and controls were cultured with and without autologous CD8+ T cells in vitro, and clarify the effect of activated CD8+ T cells on the ploidy and apoptosis of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Results: The results demonstrated that the percentage of CD3+ T cells in the BM was significantly higher in PT patients than the experimental controls (76.00 ± 13.04% and 57.49 ± 9.11%, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas this difference was not significant for the PB (71.01 ± 11.49% and 70.49 ± 12.89%, respectively, P = 0.911). While, some T cell subsets in the BM and PB from allo-HSCT recipients with PT were not significantly different from that of the experimental control group, such as CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+ CD25bright T cells (regulatory T cells), CD44hi CD62Llo CD8+ T cells and naive T cells (CD11a+ CD45RA+). Furthermore, the surface expression of homing receptor CX3CR1 on BM T cells (64.16 ± 14.07% and 37.45 ± 19.66%, respectively, P < 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (56.25 ± 14.54% and 35.16 ± 20.81%, respectively, P = 0.036), but not in blood, were significantly increased in PT patients compared to controls. For these two groups of patients, the surface expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 on T cells and CD8+ T cells from both BM and PB did not show significant differences. Through the study in vitro, we found that the activated CD8+ T cells in bone marrow of patients with PT might suppress apoptosis (MNC group and Co-culture group: 18.02 ± 3.60% and 13.39 ± 4.22%, P < 0.05, respectively) and Fas expression (MNC group and Co-culture group: 21.10 ± 3.93 and 15.10 ± 2.33, P <0.05, respectively) of megakaryocyte. In addition, megakaryocyte with a ploidy value ≤ 8N (MNC group: 40.03 ± 6.42% and 24.54 ± 4.31%, respectively, P < 0.05) was significantly increased in patients with PT compared to the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, an increased surface expression of CX3CR1 on T cells may mediate the recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the bone marrow in patients with PT who received an allo-HSCT. Moreover, CD8+CX3CR1+ T cells, which can have significantly increased numbers in bone marrow of patients with PT, likely caused a reduction in the megakaryocyte ploidy, and suppressed megakaryocyte apoptosis via CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxic effect, possibly leading to impaired platelet production. Therefore, treatment targeting CX3CR1 should be considered as a reasonable therapeutic strategy for PT following allo-HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Role of Adoptive T- Cell Therapy in Post Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplant Viral Infections-: A Systemic Review

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Hassaan Imtiaz ◽  
Muhammad Saad Farooqi ◽  
Unaiza Faizan ◽  
Saad Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammed Hamza Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cmv Reactivation

Introduction Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) used for the treatment of multiple hematological malignancies requires immunosuppression, that can lead to the reactivation of viruses like EBV, CMV, adenovirus (AdV). These viruses pose a life-threatening risk to an individual like Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) and other virus-specific complications. Adoptive T cell therapy (ATC) is an approach to treat refractory post-Allo-HSCT transplant viral infections. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of various ATCs being developed against various viruses. Methods A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science was performed for adoptive immunotherapy in viral infections after stem cell transplantation from inception to May 28, 2020. Out of 604 studies, 13 phase I and II clinical trials were selected for the systematic review. Results A total of 13 studies were included of which two studies included data on the pediatric population (n=13). A total of 335 patients (pts) were enrolled in 13 studies of which 264 were evaluable. CMV Perruccio et al. (2005) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the efficacy of ATC against both Aspergillus and CMV after alloSCT. Median follow up (f/u) was six months. For Aspergillus (n=23), 90% and 54% achieved clearance, while for CMV (n=68) 92% and 9% didn't develop CMV reactivation in treatment and control group respectively. Overall Survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at two years were 92% and 80% respectively. Smith et al. (2018) (n=21) in a phase I trial studied the transfusion of virus-specific T cells (VST) (n=13) against CMV infection after undergoing alloSCT. After a median f/u of 28 weeks, overall response rate (ORR) was 85%. Bao et al. (2012) (n=10) conducted a study with VST transfusion against CMV infection (n=7). ORR was 85% of which 3 pts who were on immunosuppressive had shown reactivation. Miej et al. (2012) in phase I/II study (n=6) assessed the response of VST against refractory CMV with CR of 100% Neuenhahn et al. (2017) studied a phase I/II prospective trial (n=17) (CMV Seropositive graft donor (D+) 9/17 and CMV Seronegative graft donor (D-) 8/17) with CR of 62% in D+ group. In D- group only 37% developed T cells after Third-Party Donor transfer and only these achieved CR, while pts with no T cell detection in D- group (63%), only one achieved CR. Micklethwaite et al. (2008) did a phase I clinical trial (n=12) of CMV specific T cells given prophylactically. Only four pts showed CMV reactivation. Adenovirus Feucht et al. (2019) performed a phase I/II clinical trial (n=30) of VST against refractory AdV infection. 47% showed CR, 13% with negative blood AdV cleared virus from other sites, 10% showed PR. OS at six months was 71%. Winnie et al. (2018) (n=8) conducted phase I/II RCT among pediatric pts. Median f/u was six months. All patients have shown a decrease in AdV viral load. Qasim et al. (2013) conducted a prospective trial (n=5) among pediatric pts with CR of 60% until six weeks f/u. 20% died due to AdV viremia. Multi-virus CTLs Gerdemann et al. (2013) (n=36) did a clinical trial by infusing multi-virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (n=10), reactive against CMV, EBV, and AdV. CR in 80% of the pts. Muranski et al. (2017) performed a phase I trial (n=9) and infused multi-virus CTLs prophylactically. No AdV, BK, or EBV related disease was observed in any pts while 11% pts had asymptomatic AdV viremia. Only those pts who received steroid therapy had CMV reactivation (44%). Ma et al. (2015) performed a phase I/II RCT with an intervention group (n=19, evaluable=10) and control group (n=33) with an infusion of multi-virus CTLs against CMV, EBV, AdV, and VZV after alloSCT, prophylactically. Pts in the intervention group had no reactivation of EBV, AdV, or VZV. 6 (60%) pts with CMV had reactivation; four before T cell therapy and two in the context of steroid therapy. OS at one year was 89% and 81% in the intervention and control group respectively. Third-Party Donor T-cells Tzannou et al. (2017) (n=37) in a phase II study demonstrated ORR of 92% (95% CI, 78.1% to 98.3%) in various viruses with ORR for BK virus 100%, CMV 94%, Adv 71%, EBV 100% and HHV-6 67%. Conclusion Adoptive T cell therapy for viral infections has shown efficacy in Post- allo-SCT pts who achieved complete clearance of infection in many cases, showed only minimal adverse events, and no major risk for GVHD related to this therapy was noted. Disclosures Anwer: Incyte, Seattle Genetics, Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Celegene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals T-Cell Reconstitution after Unrelated Donor HSCT Using Immunotherapy with CD25/71 Allodepleted Donor T Cells: Results of the Randomised Icat Study

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1995-1995
Author(s):  
Karl S Peggs ◽  
Sarah J Albon ◽  
Catherine Irving ◽  
Rachel Richardson ◽  
Joan Casanovas-Company ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Donor T Cells ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive

Karl S Peggs and Sarah J Albon contributed equally to the work and are joint first author Introduction Alemtuzumab reduces the incidence of GVHD after unrelated donor stem cell transplant (MUD SCT) but delays immune reconstitution resulting in high morbidity/mortality from viral infections. Previous studies have suggested that adoptive transfer of allodepleted donor T cells (ADTs) improves immunity after SCT but this has never been tested in a randomised study. We developed a methodology for selective immunomagnetic depletion of alloreactive T-cells upregulating CD25 and CD71 after activation with host dendritic cells (DC) and showed that ADTs retain anti-viral responses with minimal host alloreactivity (Samarasinghe et al Blood 2010). We have now tested whether ADTs can safely be used to improve immune reconstitution after MUD SCT for haematological malignancies in a randomised Phase II multi-centre clinical study; ICAT (NCT01827579). Methods Patients undergoing Alemtuzumab-based peripheral blood SCT from a 9/10 or 10/10 MUD for haematological malignancy were randomised 2:1 to receive either the ATIMP (ADTs) or standard of care. Two weeks prior to SCT, patients randomised to ATIMP underwent a leucapheresis from which DCs were generated. Irradiated patient-derived DCs were then co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from an unstimulated leucapheresis/500ml blood draw from the donor to activate alloreactive T cells. Four days later, the co-culture was depleted of CD25+ and CD71+ fractions by immunomagnetic depletion on the CliniMACs, sampled for residual alloreactivity and sterility, and cryopreserved. Patients randomised to the ATIMP were scheduled to receive 3 escalating doses of ADTs (0.1x106/Kg at day 30, 0.3x106/Kg at day 60 and 1x106/Kg at day 90 post-SCT) until either there was >grade 1 aGVHD or they had normal circulating T cells (>700/µL). The primary end-point of the study was circulating CD3+ T cell count at 4 months post-SCT with one-sided 15% significance level. Acute/chronic GVHD were graded using the Seattle/NIH criteria respectively. Results Twenty one patients were treated, 13 on the ATIMP arm and 8 on the control arm. The median age was 53 years and 67% (14) were male. 12 were AML/Myelodysplasia, 5 NHL, 3 CLL/CML and 1 HL. The median follow-up time is 14 months. Five of 13 ATIMP patients received 1 dose of ADTs, 4/13 2 doses and 4/13 all 3 doses. The incidence of acute and chronic GVHD was comparable between the arms. Overall, 7/13 ATIMP patients developed significant (>Grade 2) acute GVHD compared to 4/8 of the control arm (p>0.99). 3/13 patients in the ATIMP arm and 2/8 patients in the control arm developed severe aGVHD (all Grade 3). Three of 13 ATIMP cohort patients developed chronic GVHD (1 mild, 1 moderate, 1 severe), compared to 3/8 (all mild) in the control cohort. At 4 months, the circulating CD3+ T cell count mean was 730/µL (range 10-4080) in the ATIMP group and 212.5/µL (range 10-500) in the control group (1-sided p=0.11). However, the data was not normally distributed (Wilcoxon 1-sided p=0.18). Three ATIMP patients had high CD3+ T cell count at 4 months (>1000/µL). At 6 months, the mean circulating CD3+ T cell count was 833.6/µL (range 20-2690) and 327.5/µL (range 10-860). At month 4, the mean PHA stimulation index in the ATIMP arm was 16.8 (range 0.67- 73.1) vs 3.8 (range 1.1-8.2) in the control group. At 4 and 6 months post-SCT, spectratyping analysis showed no evidence of a difference in Vβ diversity between the 2 arms in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The 1-year survival rate in the ATIMP cohort is 92% vs 88% in the control, and 1-year disease free survival rate 67% in the ATIMP cohort vs 70% in the control. Conclusions These data suggest that adoptive transfer of ADTs improves T cell reconstitution in some patients after MUD SCT and that the GVHD rates were similar between ATIMP and control groups. Figure 1: Kinetics of T cell recovery after transplant in ATIMP (blue) and Control (red) patients. Mean +/- SEM shown. Figure 1 Disclosures Peggs: Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Autolus: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ghorashian:UCLB: Patents & Royalties: UCLB; Celgene: Honoraria; novartis: Honoraria. Amrolia:UCLB: Patents & Royalties.

G-CSF Activated Granulocytes Inhibit Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4989-4989
Author(s):  
Zilton F.M. Vasconcelos ◽  
Julia Farache ◽  
Bruna M. Santos Grad ◽  
Tereza S. Palmeira Grad ◽  
Luis Fernando Bouzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
The One

Abstract Acute Graft versus host diseas (aGVHD) is a major complication of stem cell transplantation. The disease is mediated by T cells and a higher incidence/severity would be expected when higher numbers of T cells are inoculated. However, the incidence of aGVHD in PBST, which carries about 10 times more T cells then BMT, is not higher than the one found in later. This finding indicates a modulatory role for G-CSF over T cell activity. We had previously shown that T cells from G-CSF treated PBSC donors do not produce g-IFN nor IL-4 and that this inhibition was mediated by low density, G-CSF activated, granulocytes. In order to test if in fact G-CSF activated granulocytes could inhibit disease, we first checked if G-CSF could generate low density granulocytes, in vivo and in vitro. Indeed, either in vivo(21mg /day - 5 days) or in vitro (150 ng -12hs) with G-CSF generates low density granulocytes which co-purify with the mononuclear cells in the ficoll® gradient. Moreover, as we had shown in humans, these low density cells, inhibit the production of g-IFN by anti-CD3 activated T cells on flow cytometry studies (17%-T cells alone versus 3% T cells with granulocytes 1:1). Radiation quimaeras were set with (B6 X BALB/c)F1 as hosts reconstituted with T cell depleted C57Bl6 bone marrow, in the presence or absence of nylon wool selected spleen cells (NWSC), as T cell source, from normal or G-CSF treated mice. As previously shown by others, NWSC from G-CSF treated mice diminishes the incidence of acute disease on day 20 post-transplant, from 75 to 25%. In order to investigate if this inhibition was dependent on the activated granulocytes present in the NWSC from G-CSF treated mice, granulocytes were depleted with anti-GR1 and complement. In this case, the incidence of disease is the same or even higher (75% experiment#1 and 100% in experiment #2) than the one observed on the control group (NWSC from control mice). These results strongly suggest that activated granulocytes could indeed inhibit aGVHD. We then generated activated granulocytes in vitro, by treating spleen derived high density granulocytes with 150ng of G-CSF for 12 hs. After the incubation period, a new ficoll® gradient was performed and the low density cells were obtained. T cell contamination on the second gradient was eliminated by anti-CD4 and CD8 complement lysis. These activated granulocytes were inoculated together with NWSC from control mice in the radiation quimaeras at a 1:1 ratio. In this case 100% disease inhibition was observed when compared to the positive control group, where 75% of the animals got sick. Our data indicate that activated granulocytes are the major mediators of the G-CSF immunossupressive effects and that these cells can be used as a novel immune modulator in clinical transplantation to prevent acute GVHD.

Upregulation of TCRζ Chain Overcome T Cell Immunodeficiency in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4719-4719
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zha ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Lijian Yang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Vector ◽  
T Cell Immunodeficiency ◽  
And Control

Abstract Abstract 4719 TCRζ chain is the key molecular of TCR signaling, the defective TCRζ chain not only decreases the expression of TCR on the T cell surface and the quantity of circulation T cells, but also influences T cell activation and proliferation. Previous studies indicated that the obvious downregulation of TCRζ chain was one of main factors which caused T cell immunodeficiency in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which lead to dysfunction of immune supervision to tumor. This study was undertaken to explore the possibility that forced expression of TCRζ chain may restored the T cell immune function. In present study, the freshly CD3 + T cells were isolated by MACS from de novo CML patients; freshly T cells were transfected with TCRζ chain recombinant vector (TCRζ-IRES-EGFP) and control vector (pIRES2-EGFP) by nucleoporation technique. The transfection efficiency was detected by FCM at 18 hours post-transfection, and TCRζ chain protein and its phosphorylation were detected by Western blotting after activation with OKT3 antibody for 1 minute. The supernatants and RNA were collected from transfected cells stimulated with OKT3 and anti-CD28 antibody, for analysis of IL-2 levels and the mRNA expression of ZAP70 and NF-κB. The results showed the transfection efficiency of TCRζ chain vector and control vector construct was 72.16±6.95% and 73.4±7.90% in CML T cells from different patients respectively. In T cells transfected with TCRζ chain, the expression of TCR chain was increased, the IL-2 production induced by OKT3 and anti-CD28 antibody in TCRζ chain transfected T cells (175.1±66.3pg/mL) were higher than that from control group (107.6±65.5pg/mL) (n=6, p=0.039). The bother expression levels of ZAP-70 and NF-κ B in the experimental group was higher than the control group (n = 4, p < 0.05), moreover the expression level between ZAP-70 and NF-κB showed linear correlation (n = 4, p = 0.013, r = 0.98). In conclusion, the results indicate that upregulation of deficient TCRζ chain may reverse the TCR/CD3-mediated signaling abnormalities, which may improve the T cell immune function in patients with CML. This study was supported by grant from the Key project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 9251063201000001). Disclosures: Zha: This study was supported by grant from the Key project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 9251063201000001): Research Funding. Li:the Key project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Altered Intracellular ATP Production by Activated CD4+ T-Cells in Very Preterm Infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Aquilano ◽  
Maria Grazia Capretti ◽  
Francesca Nanni ◽  
Luigi Corvaglia ◽  
Arianna Aceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm

Background. The neonatal immune system is not fully developed at birth; newborns have adequate lymphocytes counts but these cells lack function.Objective. To assess the activity of T-cells and the influence of the main perinatal factors in very preterm infants (birth weight < 1500 g).Design. Blood samples from 59 preterm infants (21/59 were dizygotic twins) were collected at birth and at 30 days of life to measure CD4+ T-cell activity using the ImmuKnow™ assay. Fifteen healthy adults were included as a control group.Results. CD4+ T-cell activity was lower in VLBW infants compared with adults (p<0.001). Twins showed lower immune activity compared to singletons (p=0.005). Infants born vaginally showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity compared to those born by C-section (p=0.031); infants born after prolonged Premature Rupture of Membranes (pPROM) showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity at birth (p=0.002) compared to infants born without pPROM. Low CD4+ T-cell activity at birth is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the first week of life (p=0.049).Conclusions. Preterm infants show a lack in CD4+ T-cell activity at birth. Perinatal factors such as intrauterine inflammation, mode of delivery, and zygosity can influence the adaptive immune activation capacity at birth and can contribute to exposing these infants to serious complications such as NEC.

scholarly journals Effect of Polarized Light Treatment on Milk Production and Milk Somatic Cell Count of Cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fenyő ◽  
G. Szita ◽  
J. Bartyik ◽  
J. Dóra ◽  
S. Bernáth
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Treatment with linearly polarized light (LPL) is a widely used and recognized therapeutic method in human medicine for healing wounds, ulcers and a variety of other dermatological problems. Polarized light mobilizes the inadequately functioning defence mechanisms of the human body. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of LPL treatment on the udder of milking cows. Before the start of treatment, there was no significant difference between cows to be treated with LPL and the control cows in mean somatic cell counts (SCC) of milk samples taken separately by udder quarter and in the mean milk yield. The LPL treatment lasted for 20 min and was performed twice a day over a period of one month. Before treatment, the mean SCC of milk was 3.47 × 105 ± 910 in the group to be treated and 4.07 × 105 ± 920 in the control group. In a six-week period immediately after treatment, the mean SCC of the treated and the control group was 1.32 × 105 ± 825 and 2.63 × 105 ± 825, indicating a significant difference in favour of the treated group. Before the LPL treatment, the milk yield of cows in the group to be treated was 25.77 ± 1.2 kg/ day, while that of the control cows was 27.30 ± 1.4 kg/day. In a six-week period after treatment, the milk yield of cows in the treated and control groups was 28.83 ± 1.5 kg/day and 25.48 ± 1.4 kg/day, respectively. There is a significant difference between these values in favour of the treated group. The results show that a regular LPL treatment of the udder of cows can significantly reduce the SCC of milk and significantly increase the milk yield. The treatment can be applied during lactation without interfering with the milking regime.

Persistent numbers of tetramer+ CD8+ T cells, but loss of interferon-γ+ HIV-specific T cells during progression to AIDS

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kostense ◽  
Kristin Vandenberghe ◽  
Jeanine Joling ◽  
Debbie Van Baarle ◽  
Nening Nanlohy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Ifn Γ

Although CD8+ T cells initially suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, cytotoxic T-cell precursor frequencies eventually decline and fail to prevent disease progression. In a longitudinal study including 16 individuals infected with HIV-1, we studied both the number and function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by comparing HLA-peptide tetramer staining and peptide-induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Numbers of IFN-γ–producing T cells declined during progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), whereas the number of tetramer+ T cells in many individuals persisted at high frequencies. Loss of IFN-γ–producing T cells correlated with declining CD4+ T-cell counts, consistent with the need of CD4+ T-cell help in maintaining adequate CD8+T-cell function. These data indicate that the loss of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell activity is not due to physical depletion, but is mainly due to progressively impaired function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.

scholarly journals Berberine delays onset of collagen induced arthritis through T cell suppression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Vita ◽  
Hend Aljobaily ◽  
David O. Lyons ◽  
Nicholas A. Pullen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
T Cell Suppression ◽  
Cell Suppression

ABSTRACTPrevious evidence suggests that berberine (BBR), a clinically relevant plant-derived alkaloid, alleviates symptoms of clinically apparent collagen induced arthritis (CIA), and may have a prophylactic role from in vitro studies. Thus, we used a CIA model to determine if BBR merits further exploration as a prophylactic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Mice were treated with either 1 mg/kg/day of BBR or a vehicle (PBS) control via IP injections from day 0 to day 28, were left untreated (CIA control), or were in a non-arthritic control group. Incidence of arthritis in BBR mice was 40%, compared to 90% in the CIA and 80% in the PBS controls. Populations of B cells and T cells from the spleens and draining lymph nodes were examined from mice across treatment groups on day 14 and from the remaining mice on day 28 when arthritic signs and symptoms were expected to be apparent. BBR-treated mice had significantly reduced populations of CD4+ T cells, CXCR5+ Tfhcells, and an increased proportion of Treg at both day 14 and day 28 endpoints, as well as decreased CD28+ and CD154+ CD4+ T cells at day 14. BBR-treated mice also experienced a significant reduction of CD19+ B cells in LNs at day 28. Additionally, BBR treatment resulted in significantly lower anti-collagen type II-specific (anti-CII) IgG2a and anti-CII total IgG serum concentrations. These results indicate a potential role for BBR as a prophylactic supplement, and that its effect may be mediated through T cell suppression, which indirectly affects B cell activity.

scholarly journals Effects of therapeutic vaccination on the control of SIV in rhesus macaques with variable responsiveness to antiretroviral drugs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253265
Author(s):  
Hillary Claire Tunggal ◽  
Paul Veness Munson ◽  
Megan Ashley O’Connor ◽  
Nika Hajari ◽  
Sandra Elizabeth Dross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

A therapeutic vaccine that induces lasting control of HIV infection could eliminate the need for lifelong adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study investigated a therapeutic DNA vaccine delivered with a single adjuvant or a novel combination of adjuvants to augment T cell immunity in the blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Animals that received DNA vaccines expressing SIV proteins, combined with plasmids expressing adjuvants designed to increase peripheral and mucosal T cell responses, including the catalytic subunit of the E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin, IL-12, IL-33, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, soluble PD-1 and soluble CD80, were compared to mock-vaccinated controls. Following treatment interruption, macaques exhibited variable levels of viral rebound, with four animals from the vaccinated groups and one animal from the control group controlling virus at median levels of 103 RNA copies/ml or lower (controllers) and nine animals, among all groups, exhibiting immediate viral rebound and median viral loads greater than 103 RNA copies/ml (non-controllers). Although there was no significant difference between the vaccinated and control groups in protection from viral rebound, the variable virological outcomes during treatment interruption enabled an examination of immune correlates of viral replication in controllers versus non-controllers regardless of vaccination status. Lower viral burden in controllers correlated with increased polyfunctional SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and blood prior to and during treatment interruption. Notably, higher frequencies of colonic CD4+ T cells and lower Th17/Treg ratios prior to infection in controllers correlated with improved responses to ART and control of viral rebound. These results indicate that mucosal immune responses, present prior to infection, can influence efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and the outcome of immunotherapeutic vaccination, suggesting that therapies capable of modulating host mucosal responses may be needed to achieve HIV cure.

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