The prevalence and progression of autoimmune thyroid disease in the elderly

Abstract. Thyroid antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked assay system (ELISA) on a random sample of 414 asymptomatic elderly people aged 70 years or more in a South Wales town in 1977. The prevalence of elevated titres of microsomal antibodies was 15.4% and of thyroglobulin antibodies 13.3%; 8.5% had an elevation of both antibodies. Five years later thyroid function was evaluated in 51(66.6%) of those people with raised antibody titres in 1977 and compared with a control group of 46 old people drawn from the original population. Significant fluctuations of microsomal and thyroglubulin antibody titres were observed in two thirds of the antibody positive group. Three people in the control group developed positive thyroid antibodies during this period. Only 1 person in the antibody positive group became hypothyroid. The prognostic significance of raised thyroid antibodies with or without elevated TSH levels is less in the elderly than in middle aged or younger people. The significance of the fluctuating antibody levels as measured by a more sensitive method remains to be determined.

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Primary thyroid disorders in endogenous Cushing's syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1470305 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

H Niepomniszcze ◽

F Pitoia ◽

SB Katz ◽

R Chervin ◽

OD Bruno

Keyword(s):

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Dynamic Testing ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Free Cortisol

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of primary thyroid disorders in patients who underwent endogenous hypercortisolism. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of 59 patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) who had, at least, a record of thyroid palpation by expert endocrinologists and basal measurements of TSH by second generation assays. When available, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine serum levels, TRH-TSH tests and anti-thyroid antibodies were also analyzed. There were two age- and gender-matched control groups. The 'goiter control group' comprised 118 healthy subjects who underwent thyroid palpation. The 'antibody control group' was composed of 40 individuals who attended the blood bank of our hospital. Antibodies against thyroperoxidase and measurements of TSH were analyzed in their blood samples. METHODS: Available files of 83 CS patients admitted to our endocrine unit from 1985 to 1998 were examined. Fifty-nine patients (52 women and 7 men) with a mean age of 36.2 years (range 14-61 years) met the above requirements. Diagnosis of hypercortisolism had been established by a standard 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test and urinary free cortisol (UFC). Etiological diagnosis involved dynamic testing, measurements of ACTH levels and imaging techniques. After treatment, all but one of the patients were cured or controlled of their hypercortisolism. This was established by the finding of subnormal serum cortisol concentrations and/or subnormal 24-h UFC levels. Primary thyroid disorders were defined by the presence of one or more of the following diagnostic criteria: (i) goiter, (ii) positive anti-thyroid antibodies and/or (iii) primary thyroid function abnormalities. RESULTS: Eighteen (30.5%) patients had goiter (diffuse in 78% and nodular in 22%), 14 (23.7%) had primary subclinical hypothyroidism and 5 (8.4%) had hyperthyroidism. In 41 patients evaluated for antithyroid antibodies, it was found that 23 (56.1%) had positive titers. In a group of patients in which thyroid autoantibodies were measured both before and after resolution of hypercortisolism, prevalences of positive titers were 26.7% and 86.7% respectively (P=0.001). The overall frequency of primary thyroid abnormalities in our patients with Cushing's syndrome was 55.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome exhibit a remarkably high prevalence of primary thyroid disease. Resolution of hypercortisolism seems to trigger the development of autoimmune thyroid disorders in presumably predisposed subjects.

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Possible interplay between estrogen and the BAFF may modify thyroid activity in Graves’ disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00903-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chao-Wen Cheng ◽

Wen-Fang Fang ◽

Kam-Tsun Tang ◽

Jiunn-Diann Lin

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Control Group ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

And Control

AbstractA link between sex hormones and B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a crucial immunoregulator of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), may exist. The study aimed to elucidate the role of estrogen (E2) in regulating BAFF in Graves' disease (GD). In clinical samples, serum BAFF levels were higher in women than in men in both the GD and control groups. serum BAFF levels were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels and thyroid function only in women and not in men. BAFF transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in women with GD than those in the control group. Among GD patients with the AA genotype of rs2893321, women had higher BAFF transcripts and protein levels than men. In the progression of a spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) murine model, NOD.H-2h4, serum free thyroxine and BAFF levels were higher in female than in male mice. Moreover, exogenous E2 treatment increased serum BAFF levels in male SAT mice. Meanwhile, female SAT mice exhibited higher thyroid BAFF transcripts levels than either the E2-treated or untreated male SAT mouse groups. Our results showed that E2 might be implicated in modulating BAFF expression, and support a possible mechanism for the higher incidence of AITD in women.

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Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent-positive Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Curative Discharge: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases in Wuhan China

10.1101/2020.07.02.20144873 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lan Chen ◽

Zhen-Yu Zhang ◽

Xiao-Bin Zhang ◽

Su-Zhen Zhang ◽

Qiu-Ying Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Positive Group ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Time Required ◽

Antibody Levels

In China, the patients with previously negative RT-PCR results again test positive during the post-discharge isolation period. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of these recurrent-positive patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 15 recurrent-positive patients and 107 control patients with non-recurrent, moderate COVID-19 treated in Wuhan, China. Clinical data and laboratory results were comparatively analyzed. We found that recurrent-positive patients had moderate disease. The rate of recurrent-positive disease in our hospital was 1.87%. Recurrent-positive patients were significantly younger (43(35-54) years) than control patients (60(43-69) years) (P=0.011). The early LOS (length of stay in hospital before recurrence) was significantly longer in recurrent-positive patients (36(34-45) days) than in control patients (15(7-30) days) (P =0.001). The time required for the first conversion of RT-PCR results from positive to negative was significantly longer in recurrent-positive patients (14(10-17) days) than in control patients (6(3-9) days) (P =0.011). Serum COVID-19 antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive patients than in control patients (IgM: 13.69 ± 4.38 vs. 68.10 ± 20.85 AU/mL, P = 0.015; IgG: 78.53 ± 9.30 vs. 147.85 ± 13.33 AU/mL, P < 0.0001). Recurrent-positive patients were younger than control patients. The early LOS (length of stay in hospital before recurrence) was significantly longer in recurrent-positive group than that in control group. COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive group than those in control group, which might explain why the virus RNA RT-PCR was positive after the initial clinical cure(with three times of virus RNA RT-PCR negative). The virus might not be fully eliminated because of the lower IgG level and their later replicating might result in recurrent-positive virus RNA RT-PCR.

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Evaluation of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis in the reproductive age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39440/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ilknur Ozturk Unsal ◽

Sema Hepsen ◽

Pinar Akhanli ◽

Murat Calapkulu ◽

Muhammed Erkam Sencar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Autoimmune thyroid disease in women is associated with subfertility and early pregnancy loss, and patients with primary ovarian insufficiency have a high prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Hashimoto thyroiditis and ovarian reserve. Methods Levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were measured in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and a healthy control group between 2018 and 2019. Result Evaluation was made of 108 premenopausal women with Hashimoto thyroiditis. A control group was formed of 172 healthy female subjects with normal anti-thyroid antibody levels and thyroid function. Serum AMH levels were determined to be significantly lower in the HT group compared to the control group. Conclusion Ovarian reserve evaluated by serum AMH concentration is affected by thyroid autoimmunity independently of anti-thyroid antibodies type or titers.

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Virus neutralizing antibody responses after two doses of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing CNBG) vaccine

10.1101/2021.07.15.21260362 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tamás Ferenci ◽

Balázs Sarkadi

Keyword(s):

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

The Elderly ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Limited Information ◽

Multivariable Model ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Antibody Levels

Background: Limited information is available on the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing CNBG) vaccine, especially in the elderly, despite the fact that it is approved in more than 50 countries. Methods: Virus neutralizing antibody titres, as a rapidly available but highly predictive surrogate marker, were measured after two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine in 450 subjects. Results were analyzed in a multivariable model accounting for age, sex and time since the administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Findings: Sex and time since the second dose had little association with the antibody titres. Age, however, was highly relevant: measurable antibody levels were present in about 90% of individuals below the age of 50, but antibody production after BBIBP-CorV vaccination was strongly reduced with increasing age. A large number of elderly subjects, reaching 25% at 60 years, and up to 50% at ages over 80, were found not to produce any protective antibody. Interpretation: Neutralizing antibody titre, as a correlate of protection for COVID-19 disease susceptibility, should help to evaluate the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Results suggest that proper measures should be undertaken to prevent a potential outbreak of COVID-19 in BBIBP-CorV vaccinated but eventually unprotected elderly individuals. Funding: No specific funding was used to carry out the study.

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Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and TPOAb Seroconversion In A Population Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263425/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Ghanooni ◽

Azita Zadeh-Vakili ◽

Boshra Rezvankhah ◽

Somayeh Jafari Nodushan ◽

Mahdi Akbarzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Marker ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. They are usually accompanied by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies as the early predictive marker. Genetic determinants of the susceptibility to develop thyroid antibodies are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relation between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants (53 SNPs) and positive TPOAb and also to evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on changes from negative to positive TPOAb (Seroconversion). Methods: Participants from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) in phases 1 and 2 (N=5317, ≥ 20 years) were evaluated for the positive TPOAb and its relationship with 53 SNPs from TPO gene (a cross-sectional approach). At the second stage of the study (a longitudinal approach), negative TPOAb participants (control group, N= 4815) were followed up for about 5.5 (5.54±1.62) years until they have had positive results for TPOAb (“TPOAb seroconversion”). The association between TPO gene polymorphisms and TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and SKAT (sequence kernel association test) package. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, 17 SNPs were associated with TPOAb positivity (521 positive TPOAb participants) after the adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, the number of parity and oral contraceptive consumption (P <0.05). In longitudinal analyses, there was an association between TPOAb seroconversion and four SNPs before, and three SNPs after adjustment (P <0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb seroconversion could be affected by some thyroid peroxidase gene variants.

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Field trial of primary and booster dose of inactivated vaccine against bovine respiratory bacteria in young Holstein calves

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2020-0042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 223-230

Author(s):

Kazusa Mori ◽

Toshihide Kato ◽

Osamu Yokota ◽

Hiromichi Ohtsuka

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Maternal Antibodies ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Histophilus Somni ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this research was to evaluate the antibody response to multiple doses of an inactivated mixed vaccine against Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica, and to investigate the influence of age at time of vaccination in the field.Material and MethodsHealthy female Holstein calves received the vaccine at the age of 5–12 days and 2, 3, or 4 weeks later in the first experiment or at 1, 2, or 3 weeks of age and 4 weeks later in the second. Blood samples were collected at each vaccination and 3 weeks after the booster dose. Based on the antibody titres after the vaccinations, calves were divided into positive and negative groups for each of the bacteria. Calves in the control group were vaccinated only once at the age of 19–26 days.ResultsAntibody titres against H. somni and P. multocida were significantly increased by the booster. After the second vaccinations, the titres against each bacterium were higher than those of the control group, and the M. haemolytica-positive percentage in calves with high maternal antibody levels (MAL) exceeded that in calves with low MAL. In the first experiment, a majority of the M. haemolytica-positive calves tended to have received the primary dose at seven days of age or older.ConclusionA booster dose of the inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Holstein calves increased antibody production and overcame the maternal antibodies. Calves should be vaccinated first at seven days of age or older.

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Fatigue in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/sjecr-2016-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Zorica Jovanovic ◽

Svetlana Miletic-Drakulic ◽

Gordana Toncev ◽

Olgica Mihaljevic ◽

Svetlana Djukic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Limit Values ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Normal Thyroid Function

Abstract Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no fatigue. The frequency of fatigue was highly significant and almost three times higher in the AITD patients compared to the control group, in which only 2 (3.8%) patients had evident fatigue. The majority of patients with fatigue had normal thyroid function, and only one (1.6%) patient had overt hypothyroidism. Seven (11.3%) patients had both fatigue and depression, whereas one (1.6%) patient had fatigue without depression. We did not find significant correlations between fatigue and the concentrations of thyroid antibodies, but we found statistically significant correlations between fatigue and depression in AITD patients.

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Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and TPOAb Seroconversion in a Population Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263425/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Ghanooni ◽

Azita Zadeh-Vakili ◽

Boshra Rezvankhah ◽

Somayeh Jafary Nodushan ◽

Mahdi Akbarzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Marker ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are among the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. They are usually accompanied by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies as the early predictive marker. Genetic determinants of the susceptibility to develop thyroid antibodies are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relation between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants (53 SNPs) and positive TPOAb and also to evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on changes from negative to positive TPOAb (Seroconversion). Methods: Participants from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) in phases 1 and 2 (N=5317, ≥ 20 years) were evaluated for the positive TPOAb and its relationship with 53 SNPs from TPO gene (a cross-sectional approach). At the second stage of the study (a longitudinal approach), negative TPOAb participants (control group, N= 4815) were followed up for about 5.5 (5.54±1.62) years until they have had positive results for TPOAb (“TPOAb seroconversion”). The association between TPO gene polymorphisms and TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and SKAT package (sequence kernel association test). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, 17 SNPs were associated with TPOAb positivity (521 positive TPOAb participants) after the adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, the number of parity and oral contraceptive consumption (P <0.05). In longitudinal analyses, there was an association between TPOAb seroconversion and four SNPs before, and three SNPs after adjustment (P <0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb seroconversion could be affected by some thyroid peroxidase gene variants.

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Evaluation of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis in the reproductive age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39440/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ilknur Ozturk Unsal ◽

Sema Hepsen ◽

Pinar Akhanli ◽

Murat Calapkulu ◽

Muhammed Erkam Sencar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Antibody Levels

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease in women is associated with subfertility and early pregnancy loss, and patients with primary ovarian insufficiency have a high prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and ovarian reserve.Methods: Levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured in women with HT and a healthy control group between 2018 and 2019. Result: Evaluation was made of 108 premenopausal women with HT. A control group was formed of 172 healthy female subjects with normal anti-thyroid antibody levels and thyroid function. Serum AMH levels were determined to be significantly lower in the HT group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Ovarian reserve evaluated by serum AMH concentration is affected by thyroid autoimmunity independently of anti-thyroid antibodies type or titers.

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